导师在医学研究生思想政治教育中的作用

研究生思想政治教育是研究生教育的重要组成部分,在研究生全面培养中具有十分重要的作用。文中从新形势下的医学研究生思想教育和日常管理工作中所出现的许多新情况新问题入手,分析导师在医学研究生思想教育中的重要地位及作用,提出导师应把研究生的思想教育渗透到专业教育中,提高思想教育的实效性,促进研究生思想教育生动活泼的开展,以培养出更多更优秀的人才。     

Lower apparent diffusion coefficients indicate distinct prognosis in low-grade and high-grade glioma

Tumor grade and molecular variants influence the survival of patients with glioma. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map is a non-invasive tool for evaluating the outcomes and response to therapy in glioma. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the tumor grade and prognostic biomarkers with the ADC in glioma patients. Eighty-two patients with supratentorial glioma were identified via analysis of surgical specimens and neuroradiological data. Using the World Health Organization grade, histological subtype, and molecular variants (1p/19q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutation, Ki-67 index, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase, P53, and vascular endothelial growth factor immunoactivity) as prognostic biomarkers, we performed receiver operating characteristic analysis and multiple linear regression to assess the association between the magnetic resonance diffusion parameter and mean ADC and the prognostic factors of glioma pathology. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression revealed inverse correlations between the ADC values and the tumor grade, oligodendrocytoma histology, and 1p/19q codeletion. A threshold mean ADC value could predict the 1p/19q chromosomal status in WHO II gliomas with 72 % sensitivity and 88 % specificity (area under the curve 0.82, 95 % confidence interval 0.68–0.97) and could distinguish low-grade glioma with low-risk factors from the high-risk group (P < 0.01). The mean ADC value could be used as a non-invasive tool to evaluate the prognosis of supratentorial glioma patients. A threshold mean ADC value could be used to predict the 1p/19q codeletion and to identify low-risk low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Lower ADC values are indicative of a favorable prognosis in LGGs.     

卒中后抑郁的筛查

【摘要】 卒中后抑郁是卒中后常见且严重的并发症之一,会影响患者康复,增加死亡率,但在临床实践中经常被忽略,诊断率及治疗率低。本文就卒中后抑郁的筛查人群、筛查工具及筛查时间点进行综述,以期为临床实践中进行卒中后抑郁的筛查提供参考。     

大气污染与脑卒中相关研究的流行病学证据解读

大气污染不仅是环境问题,而且是危害健康的公共卫生问题。越来越多的证据显示,脑卒中与大气污染有着密切的关系。为此本文复习了大气污染致脑卒中的可能机制,长期、短期大气污染对脑卒中的影响,大气污染对人群脑卒中的伤残、死亡负担,探讨相关研究中存在的问题,并对相关证据进行解读,希望能为未来相关领域的研究及脑卒中防控提供参考。     

Ophthalmic segment aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting with contralateral abducens nerve palsy: A false localizing sign

BackgroundNeuro-ophthalmic manifestations of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are commonly linked to a palsy of the cranial nerve in close proximity to the aneurysm or to chronic intracranial hypertension.Case ReportA patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a rupture of an intracranial right ophthalmic segment internal carotid artery aneurysm presented with an acute-onset contralateral abducens nerve palsy. There were no clinical or radiologic features of chronic intracranial hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a co-existent ectatic basilar artery on the left side of the pons in close relation to the sixth nerve.ConclusionAbducens weakness in the above-50 age group is most commonly caused by a vascular etiology. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of this rare clinical entity and present pertinent literature review.