Postthrombolytic Antiplatelet Use for Patients with Intercerebral Hemorrhage without Extensive Parenchymal Involvement Does Not Worsen Outcome

Background and Purpose

It is unclear whether postthrombolytic antiplatelet (AP) therapy after thrombolytic-related hemorrhage without extensive parenchymal involvement (THEPI) affects the clinical outcome. This study explored whether AP administration in patients with THEPI affects short- and long-term outcomes.

Methods

All of the data for this study were collected from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China) registry. Patients with THEPI were assigned to either the AP (AP therapy should be commenced 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis) or AP-naïve groups. THEPI was defined according to European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study II criteria. The 90-day functional outcome, 7-day National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and 7-day and 90-day mortalities were compared between the AP and AP-naïve groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of AP therapy on the short- and long-term clinical outcomes.

Results

Of the 928 patients enrolled from those in the TIMS-China registry (n=1,440), 89 (9.6%) had nonsymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) within 24-36 h after thrombolysis; 33 (37%) of these patients were given AP therapy (AP group) and 56 (63%) were not (AP-naïve group). No significant differences were found for the risk of 7-day aggravated ICH (p=0.998), 7-day NIHSS score (p=0.5491), 7-day mortality [odds ratio (OR)=3.427; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.344-34.160; p=0.294], 90-day mortality (OR=0.788, 95% CI=0.154-4.040, p=0.775), or modified Rankin score 5 or 6 at 90-days (OR=1.108, 95% CI=0.249-4.928, p=0.893) between the AP and AP-naïve groups after THEPI.

Conclusions

Early administration of postthrombolytic AP therapy after THEPI does not worsen either the short- or long-term outcome. AP therapy may be a reasonable treatment option for patients with THEPI to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence.     

脊髓室管膜下瘤与星形细胞瘤的MRI对照

目的 对比观察脊髓室管膜下瘤与星形细胞瘤的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析12例脊髓室管膜下瘤和30例星形细胞瘤的平扫和增强MRI表现及临床资料,对比分析二者发病年龄、性别分布、病变部位、病变纵轴长度、椎体数目、生长方式、T1WI信号、T2WI信号、有无强化、边界是否清楚、是否有囊变、是否有脊髓空洞、是否有瘤周水肿的差异.结果 脊髓室管膜下瘤与星形细胞瘤发病年龄、性别分布、病变部位、T1WI信号、T2WI信号差异均无统计学意义(P均 >0.05).脊髓室管膜下瘤纵轴长度大于星形细胞瘤(t=3.21,P <0.05),椎体数目亦多于星形细胞瘤(t=2.58,P <0.05);脊髓室管膜下瘤多无强化、呈偏心生长、边界清、无囊变及瘤周水肿,与星形细胞瘤比较差异均有统计学意义χ²=6.43、10.63、15.42、4.67、13.67,P均 <0.05).两种肿瘤脊髓空洞均少见.结论 肿瘤生长方式、边界及瘤周水肿等MRI表现有助于鉴别脊髓室管膜下瘤与星形细胞瘤.     

Behavioral Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,Entorhinal Cortex and Fornix in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Background:

Recent clinical and preclinical studies have suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be used as a tool to enhance cognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DBS at three separate targets in the Papez circuit, including the anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT), the entorhinal cortex (EC), and the fornix (FX), on cognitive behaviors in an Alzheimer''s disease (AD) rat model.

Methods:

Forty-eight rats were subjected to an intrahippocampal injection of amyloid peptides 1-42 to induce an AD model. Rats were divided into six groups: DBS and sham DBS groups of ANT, EC, and FX. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM). Recognition memory was investigated by the novel object recognition memory test (NORM). Locomotor and anxiety-related behaviors were detected by the open field test (OF). By using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), behavior differences between the six groups were analyzed.

Results:

In the MWM, the ANT, EC, and FX DBS groups performed differently in terms of the time spent in the platform zone (F_(2,23) = 6.04, P < 0.01), the frequency of platform crossing (F_(2,23) = 11.53, P < 0.001), and the percent time spent within the platform quadrant (F_(2,23) = 6.29, P < 0.01). In the NORM, the EC and FX DBS groups spent more time with the novel object, although the ANT DBS group did not (F_(2,23) = 10.03, P < 0.001). In the OF, all of the groups showed a similar total distance moved (F_(1,42) = 1.14, P = 0.29) and relative time spent in the center (F_(2,42) = 0.56, P = 0.58).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that DBS of the EC and FX facilitated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory more prominently than ANT DBS. In addition, hippocampus-independent recognition memory was enhanced by EC and FX DBS. None of the targets showed side-effects of anxiety or locomotor behaviors.     

Abdominal Obesity and Its Attribution to All-cause Mortality in the General Population with 14 Years Follow-up: Findings from Shanxi Cohort in China

Objective This study aimed to assess the association of waist circumference(WC) with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.Methods The baseline data were from Shanxi Province of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey. The death investigation and follow-up visit were conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The visits covered up to 5,360 of 7,007 participants, representing a response rate of 76.5%. The Cox regression model and floating absolute risk were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% floating CI of death by gender and age groups(≥ 60 and 60 years old). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding current smokers; participants with stroke, hypertension, and diabetes; participants who accidentally died; and participants who died during the first 2 years of follow-up.Results This study followed 67,129 person-years for 12.5 years on average, including 615 deaths. The mortality density was 916 per 100,000 person-years. Low WC was associated with all-cause mortality among men. Multifactor-adjusted hazard ratios(HR) were 1.60(1.35–1.90) for WC 75.0 cm and 1.40(1.11–1.76) for WC ranging from 75.0 cm to 79.9 cm. Low WC( 70.0 cm and 70.0–74.9 cm) and high WC(≥ 95.0 cm) groups had a high risk of mortality among women. The adjusted HRs of death were 1.43(1.11–1.83), 1.39(1.05–1.84), and 1.91(1.13–3.22).Conclusion WC was an important predictor of death independent of body mass index(BMI). WC should be used as a simple rapid screening and predictive indicator of the risk of death.     

Correction to: Spindle‑related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG‑fMRI study

Brain Imaging and Behavior -     

三维斑点追踪技术及压力-应变环定量评估妊娠期高血压患者心肌功能的临床价值

目的 探讨实时三维斑点追踪（3D-STI）技术及压力-应变环（PSL）定量评估妊娠期高血压（HDCP）患者左室心肌功能的临床价值。方法 选取我院确诊的HDCP患者33例（HDCP组）和同期正常妊娠孕妇32例（对照组）,收集两组一般资料,应用常规超声心动图及多普勒获得舒张末期左室内径（LVDd）、左室后壁厚度（LVPWTd）、室间隔厚度（IVSTd）,以及二尖瓣口舒张早期及舒张晚期血流速度峰值（E、A）、二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值（E’）及Tei指数;应用3D-STI获得左室整体纵向应变（GLS）、整体径向应变（GRS）、整体圆周应变（GCS）、整体面积应变（GAS）、左室舒张末期容积指数（EDVI）、左室收缩末期容积指数（ESVI）、每搏量（SV）、射血分数（EF）、心输出量（CO）;应用PSL获得左室整体做功效率（GWE）、左室整体有用功（GCW）、左室整体无用功（GWW）、左室整体做功指数（GWI）,比较两组上述指标的差异。结果 ①临床资料：HDCP组体表面积、收缩压、舒张压均较对照组增高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。②常规超声心动图参数：HDCP组IVSTd、LVPWTd均较对照组增厚,E’较对照组减低,Tei指数较对照组增高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。③3D-STI参数： HDCP组GLS、GCS、GRS、GAS均较对照组减低,EDVI、ESVII、SV、CO较对照组增高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;两组EF比较差异无统计学意义。④PSL参数：HDCP组与对照组GWE、GCW、GWW、GWI比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 HDCP患者左室心肌功能较正常妊娠孕妇减低,但排除后负荷影响后,HDCP患者左室心肌做功并无明显改变;应用3D-STI技术及PSL可准确评估HDCP患者心肌功能是否受损,可为临床诊治提供参考依据。     

儿童颅内脑膜瘤19例报告

目的 分析总结儿童颅内脑膜瘤的临床特点及治疗效果。方法 经手术和病理证实15岁以下儿童脑膜瘤19例，其中男9例，女10例。年龄6－15岁，平均10.9岁。临床表现以颅内压增高（11例）、颅神经麻痹（7例）和癫痫（6例）为主。CT和MRI检查发现肿瘤钙化4例，占21.5%(4/19)，囊变3例16.5%(3/19)，出血1例5.2%(1/19)。肿瘤位于大脑凸面4例，侧脑室3例，岩斜区3例，侧裂2例，鞍区2例，中颅窝底2例，矢状窦旁、大脑镰及枕大孔各1例。术中见肿瘤与硬脑膜明显粘连5例，贴近硬脑膜但无明显粘连9例，2例侧裂脑膜瘤与硬脑膜完全无关，侧脑室3例起源于脉络丛组织。病理报告纤维型脑膜瘤8例，内皮型脑膜瘤5例，砂粒型脑膜瘤2例，混合型脑膜瘤1例，非典型脑膜瘤1例，未分类2例。结果 肿瘤全切除15例，不全切除4例，无手术死亡。随访9例（6个月－4年），能正常参加学习和劳动者5例，有癫痫发作2例，肿瘤复发2例。结论 儿童颅内脑膜瘤的发病率无女性优势，肿瘤的发生部位与成人不同，肿瘤与硬脑膜关系不密切。手术全切除肿瘤是治疗的关键。