2005－2016年北京市侵袭性脑膜炎奈瑟菌分子分型特征研究

目的 了解2005 — 2016年北京市侵袭性脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Nm）分子分型特征,为完善预防控制措施提供依据。 方法 通过玻片凝集对经过生化方法鉴定的24株Nm进行血清分群,用荧光聚合酶链式反应对所有菌株和4份核酸阳性标本进行基因分群检测;采用多位点序列分型方法对收集的28份标本Nm序列进行分型分析,同时对porA和fetA基因进行分型分析。 结果 北京市侵袭性Nm主要为A、B、C血清群,2009年前16份标本全部为A群和C群,2009年后12份标本全部为C群和B群。 A群序列型均属于ST-5克隆群,porA P1.20,9仅在ST-7型中检出,fetA均为F3-1;ST-4821克隆群在C群菌株中占绝对优势,ST-4821型porA有P1.12-1,16-8、P1.7-2,14和P1.20,23-7,fetA均为F3-3。 B群序列型结构复杂、分散。 结论 北京市侵袭性Nm优势菌特征为A:P1.20,9,F3-1:ST-5（ST-5克隆群）和C:P.12-1,F3-3:ST-4821（ST-4821克隆群）,且有A群明显减少、B群增长趋势。 提示侵袭性Nm随时间变迁已经发生改变,需加强其分子流行病学监测,尤其要关注尚无有效疫苗应对的B群菌株。      

Whole genome analysis to detect potential vaccine-induced changes on Shigella sonnei genome

Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery is endemic worldwide and is a significant cause of death in children less than five years of age in developing countries. There are no licensed Shigella vaccines and glycoconjugates are among the leading candidate vaccines against shigellosis today.We used whole genome sequence analysis (WGA) to find out whether immunization, with an investigational Shigella sonnei glycoconjugate, could induce selective pressure leading to changes in the genome of S. sonnei. An outbreak of culture-proven S. sonnei shigellosis which occurred immediately after vaccination in one of the cohorts of volunteers participating in a phase III trial of the vaccine in Israel created a unique condition in which the epidemic agent “co-existed” with the developing immune responses induced by the vaccine and natural infection among vaccinees who developed S. sonnei shigellosis. By comparing the whole genomes of S. sonnei isolated from vaccinees and from volunteers in the control group, we show at a very high sensitivity that a potent S. sonnei glycoconjugate that conferred 74% protective efficacy against the homologous disease did not induce changes in the genome of S. sonnei and in particular on the O-antigen gene cluster.     

中国10省(市)流感成年人住院病例的临床特征及重症危险因素分析

目的 了解中国10省(市)严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)住院病例哨点监测纳入的流感成年人住院病例的临床特征及重症危险因素。方法 对2009年12月至2014年6月中国10省(市)SARI哨点监测医院纳入的符合SARI定义的≥15岁病例进行流行病学和临床信息调查,采集呼吸道标本进行流感病毒核酸检测。按检测结果将病例分为流感住院组和非流感住院组,分析两组人口统计学信息、临床和流行病学特征,并分析重症危险因素。结果 10家哨点医院共纳入3 071例SARI成年人病例,其中实验室确诊240例(7.8%),以A(H1N1)pdm2009和A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒为主。病例年龄M为63岁,≥65岁老年人占47.1%。144例(60.0%)患有至少1种慢性基础性疾病,流感病例肺气肿比例(7.9%)高于非流感病例(3.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.963,P=0.047)。19.4%的流感育龄妇女为孕妇,240例流感病例中仅有1.1%在过去一年接种过流感疫苗。流感住院病例中咽痛、呼吸困难所占比例高于非流感住院病例。17.5%的流感病例收入重症监护室治疗,与非流感住院病例间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.160)。23.1%的流感病例在发病后使用了抗病毒药物治疗,高于非流感住院组(4.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。流感住院病例中41.5%出现并发症,病毒性肺炎比例明显高于非流感组(P<0.001)。危险因素分析显示,发病入院时间>7 d(RR=1.673,95%CI:1.071～2.614)、患有哮喘(RR=15.200,95%CI:1.157～199.633)、免疫抑制疾病(RR=5.250,95%CI:1.255～21.960)、怀孕(RR=21.000,95%CI:1.734～254.275)是流感重症的危险因素。结论 成年人流感住院病例主要集中在≥65岁组,流感疫苗接种率极低、抗病毒药物使用不足,应推荐孕妇、老年人、慢性病病例等高危人群每年进行流感疫苗预防接种,流感住院病例应及早应用抗病毒药物。     

Molecular genetic analysis of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Eastern and Central Sudan using pvcsp and pvmsp-3α genes as molecular markers

In Sudan, Plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 5–10% of malaria cases. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of P. vivax population from Sudan by analyzing the polymorphism of P. vivax csp (pvcsp) and pvmsp-3α genes. Blood samples (n = 76) were taken from suspected malaria cases from 2012–2013 in three health centers of Eastern and Central Sudan. Parasite detection was performed by microscopy and molecular techniques, and genotyping of both genes was performed by PCR-RFLP followed by DNA sequence for only pvcsp gene (n = 30). Based on microscopy analysis, 76 (%100) patients were infected with P. vivax, whereas nested-PCR results showed that 86.8% (n = 66), 3.9% (n = 3), and 3.9% (n = 3) of tested samples had P. vivax as well as Plasmodium falciparum mono- and mixed infections, respectively. Four out of 76 samples had no results in molecular diagnosis. All sequenced samples were found to be of VK210 (100%) genotype with six distinct amino acid haplotypes, and 210A (66.7%) was the most prevalent haplotype. The Sudanese isolates displayed variations in the peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) ranging from 17 to 19 with GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) and DDRAAGQPA (PRM3). Also, 54 polymorphic sites with 56 mutations were found in repeat and post-repeat regions of the pvcsp and the overall nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.02149 ± 0.00539. A negative value of dN − dS (−0.0344) was found that suggested a significant purifying selection of Sudanese pvcsp, (Z test, P < 0.05). Regarding pvmsp-3α, three types were detected: types A (94.6%, 52/55), type C (3.6%, 2/55), and type B (1.8%, 1/55). No multiclonal infections were detected, and RFLP analysis identified 13 (Hha I, A1-A11, B1, and C1) and 16 (Alu I, A1-A14, B1, and C1) distinct allelic forms. In conclusion, genetic investigation among Sudanese P. vivax isolates indicated that this antigen showed limited antigenic diversity.     

Relation of genetic polymorphisms in microRNAs with diastolic and systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background and aimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has high risk of developing cardiac dysfunction, increasing of either cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) affect cardiac function of T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between five miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and diastolic and systolic function of T2DM.Methods and resultsThree hundred untreated T2DM subjects were included. Each subject underwent SNP genotyping, conventional echocardiography, tissue doppler imaging, and speckle tracking imaging. The effects of miRNA SNPs on diastolic and systolic function were evaluated. The diastolic function of T2DM subjects with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 wild genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 variant genotype was lower than those with miR-133a-1-rs8089787 variant genotype or let-7f-rs10877887 wild genotype, manifesting as higher left atrial volume index, lower mean E′, and higher E/E’ (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects of miR-133a-2-rs13040413, let-7a-1-rs13293512 and miR-27a-rs895819 on the diastolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05). These five miRNA SNPs had no effect on the systolic function of T2DM subjects (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMiRNA-133a-1-rs8089787 and let-7f-rs10877887 were associated with impaired cardiac diastolic function in T2DM. The findings may be a promising therapeutic targets for preventing diastolic dysfunction in T2DM.     

Individual and combined relationship of serum uric acid and alanine aminotransferase on metabolic syndrome in adults in Qingdao,China

Background and aimsAssociations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum uric acid (SUA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain controversial. We aimed to explore individual and combined effects of ALT and SUA on MetS in community residents.Methods and resultsA population-based cross-sectional survey involving randomly selected Chinese adults aged 35–74 years was conducted in 2009 in Qingdao, China, and 4642 participants were included in the current study. Based on a combination of SUA and ALT levels in the tertile, subjects were grouped into Group 1-9. The individual and combined relations of SUA and ALT to MetS were analyzed by logistic regression models. The prevalence of MetS was 28.50% in males and 22.30% in females. ALT and SUA were independently associated with MetS and ORs (95% CIs) were 1.55 (1.42–1.70) and 1.92 (1.72–2.14), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. With the elevation of ALT and SUA levels, the risk of developing MetS increased. Compared to Group 1, ORs (95% CIs) of combined ALT and SUA for MetS were 2.21 (1.70–2.88), 4.02 (3.10–5.21), 2.19 (1.62–2.97), 2.53 (1.91–3.34), 4.69 (3.60–6.12), 1.76 (1.17–2.64), 3.65 (2.63–5.06) and 7.15 (5.41–9.46) in Group 2–9, respectively.ConclusionsALT and SUA were both related to MetS independently. Combined elevation of ALT and SUA levels could increase the risk of MetS and its components than an elevation in SUA and ALT alone. Therefore, measures should be taken to lower SUA and ALT levels to reduce the risk of having MetS.     

北京地区介入放射诊疗资源与防护状况调查与分析

目的 调查北京地区介入放射诊疗资源分布和放射防护状况,规范介入放射诊疗行为并促进放射防护监管措施的落实。方法 以北京地区开展介入放射诊疗工作的各级各类医疗机构为调查对象,设计专门的调查表并成立市区两级调查组,逐级调查各区域截至2020年底介入放射工作基本情况和介入放射工作人员职业健康监护情况,依据国家有关法规标准对指标参数进行分析评估。结果 截至2020年底,北京地区开展介入放射工作的医疗机构93家,800 mA(含)以上数字减影血管造影机(DSA)236台;开展介入放射学手术135 593例,年介入手术量在1 000例以上的40家,10~1 000例的41家;介入放射工作人员3 539人,持有《放射工作人员证》者为99.0%,职业健康检查、个人剂量监测和放射防护培训通过率分别为96.9%、99.5%和95.8%;配置的工作人员防护用品3 532件,其中98.9%的机构配备了分体式铅衣或一体式铅衣,但6.5%的机构未配置铅防护眼镜、54.9%的机构未配置铅防护手套。结论 北京地区介入放射诊疗防护状况和防护管理总体较好,但应结合介入放射诊疗资源分布的现况进一步完善监管机制,强化人员的在岗期间职业健康检查、放射防护培训和防护用品的配置与使用。     

北京郊区医务人员艾滋病职业暴露与防护现况

目的了解北京郊区医务人员艾滋病职业暴露及防护情况。方法采取现况调查的方法,按多阶整群抽样的原则,于2005年12月-2006年1月抽取北京郊区的医务人员进行问卷调查。结果2 021名医务人员中有21.8%参与过艾滋病诊疗服务,5.6%一年内接触过HIV阳性病人,38.9%一年内曾被医疗器械(皿)刺破皮肤,52.0%一年内经常接触引起血液、体液飞溅的操作;职业暴露防护不规范率为12.3%~62.1%;职业暴露后局部处理、预防性用药知识知晓率分别为4.6%、15.3%。结论北京郊区医务人员普遍存在艾滋病职业暴露危险,防护相关行为有待进一步培训、规范,推广普遍性防护原则势在必行。     

2013-2014年季节性流行性感冒疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平分析

目的 分析季节性流行性感冒(流感)疫苗免疫血清针对我国流行株的抗体水平及我国流行株与疫苗株的匹配性. 方法 采集不同年龄组人群疫苗接种前后的血清,利用流感流行株和疫苗株作为病毒抗原,应用血凝抑制试验(HI)方法对血清进行检测. 结果 三价流感疫苗对我国A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流行株产生的抗体平均几何滴度(GMT)低于针对疫苗株病毒的GMT,血清抗体滴度 40的比例为57.0%～63.3%;对我国A(H3N2)亚型流行株产生的GMT与针对疫苗株病毒的GMT类似,血清抗体滴度超过40的比例为57.6%～63.0%;对B型流行株产生的血清抗体GMT低于针对疫苗株的GMT,不过超过了疫苗株抗体GMT的50%.不同年龄组的血清抗体反应不同,成年组相对较高. 结论 2013-2014年季节性流感疫苗与同期流行的A(H1N1)Pdm09亚型流感病毒和B型流行株Yamagata系流感病毒较为匹配;H3N2亚型疫苗与流行株的匹配性较低,有可能会导致疫苗的保护效果降低.     

北京市报告的HIV/AIDS病人的梅毒感染情况及相关因素分析

目的了解北京市报告的艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的梅毒感染情况,分析HIV/AIDS病人感染梅毒的相关因素。方法对北京市2011年4月至2013年3月报告的HIV/AIDS病人的血液样本,采用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)及梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集实验(TPPA)检测梅毒螺旋体形成检测数据库,同时结合这一时期的"艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统"的病例报告数据进行统计分析。结果 2011年4月至2013年3月,北京市共报告HIV/AIDS病人3806例,经性传播占94.0%(3579例);梅毒阳性者450例,梅毒感染率11.8%。报告的HIV/AIDS病人,有1911例在HIV抗体检测确证阳性前3个月内发生过性行为,其中发生无保护性行为的比例为66.6%(1272例);报告的HIV/AIDS病人的不同特征对应的梅毒感染率水平为:男性高于女性,汉族高于其他民族,年龄40岁以上者高于年轻者,男男同性性行为途径高于其他传播途径,婚姻状态为未婚、离异或丧偶者高于已婚及不详者,文化程度为初中、高中或中专者高于其他文化程度者,既往曾患性病者高于未患性病及不详者,报告单位为传染病医院者高于其他报告机构,样本来源为性病门诊者高于其他样本来源者。结论应根据HIV/AIDS病人感染梅毒的主要特征开展梅毒筛查及规范治疗,降低感染梅毒对HIV传播的促进作用。