2010~2012年913株肺炎克雷伯菌感染的分布与耐药性研究

目的调查肺炎克雷伯菌的分布及其耐药性变化。方法选择2010年1月至2012年12北京市肿瘤防治研究所收集的913株肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离菌株作为研究对象,采用K-B法进行药敏试验,所得数据采用WHONET 5.6进行分析。结果肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离菌株的标本主要来源于痰标本(46.0%);超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)阳性菌株的阳性率为51.2%;连续3年的药敏结果显示,肺炎克雷伯菌对哌拉西林、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、复方磺胺甲口恶唑和环丙沙星有较高的耐药率(>30%)。结论近3年来,肺炎克雷伯菌所致感染的耐药率趋于平稳,但肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性率较高。     

Publishing in open access era: focus on respiratory journals

We have entered an open access publishing era. The impact and significance of open access is still under debate after two decades of evolution. Open access journals benefit researchers and the general public by promoting visibility, sharing and communicating. Non-mainstream journals should turn the challenge of open access into opportunity of presenting best research articles to the global readership. Open access journals need to optimize their business models to promote the healthy and continuous development.     

Aging-like Spontaneous Epigenetic Silencing Facilitates Wnt Activation,Stemness, and BrafV600E-Induced Tumorigenesis

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霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗新进展：第55届美国血液学会年会报道

2013年第55届美国血液学会（ASH）年会针对霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）进行了专题报道,包含早期放化疗治疗选择、靶向治疗进展及结节性淋巴细胞为主型的HL治疗现状等内容.文章强调HL的治疗需结合病程特点及评效结果制定个体化治疗计划,以兼顾近期有效率及远期生存率.靶向治疗的有效性以及结节性淋巴细胞为主型HL治疗策略尚需进一步临床试验数据支持.     

Protective role of rhapontin in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo

BackgroundPulmonary fibrosis is a scaring process related to chronic lung injury of all causes. The treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis are very limited. Rhapontin has anti-inflammatory effect and anti-proliferative activity which is widely distributed in the medicinal plants of Rheum genus in China. However, the anti-fibrotic activities of rhapontin have not been previously investigated.MethodsThe effect of rhapontin on TGF-β1-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in primary lung fibroblast (PLF) cells, on TGF-β1 secretion in LPS-stimulated human THP-1 derived macrophages in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis was investigated in vivo. Fibrotic mice were induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, and then treated with rhapontin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) or prednisone (6.5 mg/kg/day, positive drug) for 2 weeks.ResultsIn TGF-β1 stimulated PLFs, treatment with rhapontin resulted in a reduction of ECM with a decrease in Lox2 and p-Smad2/3. In LPS activated macrophages, treatment with rhapontin reduced TGF-β1 production. However, in vitro the attenuated ECM deposition and inflammatory response by rhapontin were closely associated with AMPK activation, and these suppression of rhapontin were significantly abolished by the AMPK inhibitor. Treatment with rhapontin for 2 weeks resulted in an amelioration of the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats with a lower Lox2, whereas a higher AMPK expression, with reductions of the pathological score, collagen deposition, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Lox2, and HIF-1α expressions in lung tissues at fibrotic stage at 100 mg/kg.ConclusionIn summary, rhapontin reversed ECM, as well as Lox2 proliferation in vitro and prevented pulmonary fibrosis in vivo by modulating AMPK activation and suppressing the TGF-β/Smad pathway.     

离心机模拟连续推拉动作训练方法研究

目的建立贴近实战化训练模式的连续推拉动作(PPM)离心机训练方法。方法调研提炼飞行训练中典型的PPM载荷参数,编制离心机模拟连续PPM曲线。16名战斗机飞行员作为志愿者,A组6名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0.5Gz/3s→+5 Gz/10s连续PPM曲线,B组10名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→-1Gz/3s→+7Gz/5s连续PPM曲线(根据A组建议对曲线进行了改进),进行了HP动作对抗连续PPM离心机训练。志愿者在相对-Gz(小于+1Gz)暴露时采用HP动作的呼吸方式,在向+Gz转换时开始做较用力的HP动作,记录分析+Gz耐力、心率(HR)等指标的变化。结果A组6名志愿者均完成了连续PPM离心机训练,对PPM曲线提出了改进建议。B组9名志愿者采用改进的连续PPM曲线完成离心机训练。两组在相对-Gz时的HR均显著高于安静状态(P<0.05),连续PPM暴露时的HR变化趋势说明心血管调节有持续效应,其适应负荷有滞后。结论建立了高性能战斗机飞行员连续PPM离心机训练方法,模拟连续PPM曲线中不同水平-Gz与+Gz交替作用的模式更能体现实战化训练中长时间反复空战的特点,将应用于后续飞行员离心机训练。     

Cancer of head and neck: a multidisciplinary approach

The head and neck region encompasses structures from the base of the skull to the clavicles which include nasopharynx,oropharynx,hypopharynx,larynx and oral cavity.Tobacco,alcohol,and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection are the three major risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in different countries.