Parental phubbing accelerates depression in late childhood and adolescence:A two-path model

IntroductionPhubbing is a social exclusion behavior related to mobile phone use. It undermines interpersonal relationships and mental health. This study aimed to test the connections between parental phubbing and depression in late childhood and adolescence, as well as the mediating roles of parental warmth, parental rejection, and relatedness need satisfaction.MethodsWe conducted two studies. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study of 530 Chinese students (268 boys and 262 girls, M_age = 13.15 ± 0.64 years) who completed self-report questionnaires. We conducted structural modeling to test the relationship between parental phubbing and depression. Study 2 used a short longitudinal design to validate the results of Study 1 and test the mediating roles of parental warmth, parental rejection, and relatedness need satisfaction. In Study 2, we recruited 293 Chinese students (151 boys, 141 girls, and one participant with no reported gender information, M _age = 12.87 ± 0.74 years) to complete the questionnaires and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the data.ResultsTwo sequential mediation effects were found. The first was parental phubbing → parental warmth → relatedness need satisfaction → depression (protection-reduced effect). The second was parental phubbing → parental rejection → relatedness need satisfaction → depression (risk-increased effect). Gender differences were non-significant.ConclusionsThe study revealed that parental phubbing was associated with students’ depression in late childhood and adolescence through two paths. The present study highlights the need to establish family norms regulating mobile phone use to reduce phubbing.     

A meta-analytic study of the effects of early maternal separation on cognitive flexibility in rodent offspring

Adverse early life experiences, such as maternal separation, are associated with an increased risk for several mental health problems. Symptoms induced by maternal separation that mirror clinically relevant aspects of mental problems, such as cognitive inflexibility, open the possibility of testing putative therapeutics prior to clinical development. Although several animal (e.g., rodent) studies have evaluated the effects of early maternal separation on cognitive flexibility, no consistent conclusions have been drawn. To clarify this issue, in this study, a meta-analysis method was used to systematically explore the relationship between early maternal separation and cognitive flexibility in rodent offspring. Results indicate that early maternal separation could significantly impair cognitive flexibility in rodent offspring. Moderator analyses further showed that the relationship between early maternal separation and cognitive flexibility was not consistent in any case, but was moderated by variations in the experimental procedures, such as the deprivation levels, task characteristics, and rodent strains. These clarify the inconsistent effects of maternal separation on cognitive flexibility in rodents and help us better understand the association between early life adversity and cognitive development.     

牙科铸造合金诱发慢性毒副作用细胞机制的研究进展

牙科铸造合金在口腔临床中被广泛应用，而合金修复后在长期使用过程中，由于口腔内复杂微环境的影响，合金在口腔中的腐蚀会引起金属离子析出。大量的研究发现：这些析出的金属离子会对邻近的组织和细胞带来不同程度的慢性毒副作用，主要包括局部不良反应和全身不良反应。由于全身不良反应的发生率较低，相关的数据报道也比较有限，所以对合金中析出的金属离子引起的口腔局部不良反应成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文就铸造合金析出的金属离子对组织和细胞的毒副作用的研究现状及相应的细胞调控机制作一综述。     

地佐辛联合右美托咪定降低肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗不良反应的研究

目的 对地佐辛联合右美托咪定在降低肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗（HIPEC）不良反应中的作用进行研究分析，为临床应用提供参考。方法 80例肠道肿瘤术后接受HIPEC患者，根据不同的镇静镇痛治疗方法分为干预组及常规组，干预组患者在常规镇静镇痛的基础上，HIPEC前10 min给予患者地佐辛5 mg肌内注射、生理盐水48 mL+右美托咪定200 μg以0.3 μg/（kg·h）持续泵入直至HIPEC结束，比较2组患者在HIPEC中不良反应发生的情况。结果2组进行对比发现，干预组患者在HIPEC过程中的心率［（83.34±8.25）次/min vs.（90.11±10.69）次/min］、体温［（37.33±0.42）℃ vs（. 37.95±0.51）℃］均较常规组降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；同时干预组的恶心呕吐、疼痛、烦躁等不良反应发生率均低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 地佐辛联合右美托咪定用于肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗能明显降低患者不良反应的发生。     

紫蓝素静脉注射的急性毒性实验

目的观察紫蓝素静脉注射对大鼠产生的急性中毒反应,以评价其安全性。方法 60只大鼠随机分为紫蓝素组(700 mg.kg-1.d-1)、3%碳酸氢钠溶液组、0.9%氯化钠溶液组,各20只。记录每只大鼠毒性反应的症状及开始和消失时间,连续观察14 d。结果①紫蓝素组给药2 h后大鼠全身皮肤呈紫色,大便呈紫蓝色,尿液呈黄褐色,第5天恢复正常。整个实验过程无大鼠死亡。②紫蓝素组大鼠体质量显著低于另外两组。③第1天紫蓝素组大鼠摄食量明显低于另外两组。④紫蓝素组大鼠肾脏脏器系数显著高于另外两组。⑤紫蓝素可引起部分大鼠肾脏髓质区域不同程度增大,皮质和髓质交界区域部分肾小管扩张;个别大鼠肾盂扩张,肾小管内有大量紫蓝色沉着。结论紫蓝素大鼠静脉注射给药的最大耐受量>700 mg.kg-1.d-1,主要表现为肾脏毒性。     

Immunohistochemistry as a quick screening method for clinical detection of BRAF(V600E) mutation in melanoma patients

With the increased uses of targeted therapeutics, diagnostic detection of target mutations becomes essential for the effective clinical applications of targeted therapeutics. Currently, there are two types of methods detecting target mutations in clinics: one is based on DNA sequence and the other uses the newly developed mutation-specific antibodies recognizing mutated proteins. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Here, we explored the sensitivity and specificity of a new commercially available BRAF(V600E) mutation-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. Using routine manual immunohistochemistry (IHC), we tested tumor tissues from 38 melanoma patients. For those melanoma tissues with abundant endogenous melanin, we pretreated the tumor tissues with 3 % hydrogen peroxide to remove melanin for reliable signal detection. We also performed DNA sequencing and ARMS-PCR analyses for these 38 tumor samples. Comparing to the results from DNA-based detection methods, the IHC method with this BRAF(V600E) mutation-specific antibody displayed 100 % sensitivity and 92.9 % specificity. Hence, this IHC detection is sensitive for clinic uses as a simple, fast, inexpensive, and reliable method to screen cancer patients for the BRAF(V600E) mutation and could be easily adapted for use in most hospital pathology laboratories.     

Treatment with the Self-Discovery Camp (SDiC) improves Internet gaming disorder

IntroductionInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a novel behavioral addiction that influences the physical, mental, and social aspects of health due to excessive Internet gaming. One type of intensive treatment for IGD is the therapeutic residential camp (TRC), which comprises many types of therapies, including psychotherapy, psychoeducational therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The TRC was developed in South Korea and has been administered to many patients with IGD; however, its efficacy in other countries remains unknown. We investigated the efficacy of the Self-Discovery Camp (SDiC), a Japanese version of a TRC, and the correlations between individual characteristics and outcome measures.MethodsWe recruited 10 patients with IGD (all male, mean age = 16.2 years, diagnosed using the DSM-5) to spend 8 nights and 9 days at the SDiC. We measured gaming time as well as self-efficacy (using the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, a measure of therapeutic motivation and problem recognition).ResultsTotal gaming time was significantly lower 3 months after the SDiC. Problem recognition and self-efficacy towards positive change also improved. Furthermore, there was a correlation between age of onset and problem recognition score.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SDiC for IGD, especially regarding gaming time and self-efficacy. Additionally, age of onset may be a useful predictor of IGD prognosis. Further studies with larger sample sizes and control groups, and that target long-term outcomes, are needed to extend our understanding of SDiC efficacy.     

2008－2017年鄂西北地区脑膜炎奈瑟菌药物敏感性及分子分型研究

目的 分析鄂西北地区2008 – 2017年分离到的72株脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Nm）的药物敏感性及分子分型特征。 方法 对Nm菌株进行生化鉴定和血清学分群,并采用荧光聚合酶链式反应进行基因分群,用K-B纸片和E-test检测试纸条进行药敏试验;选取部分菌株进行多位点序列分型（MLST）和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）。 结果 血清分群结果为B群14株、C群10株、W群3株、E群1株、不可分群44株。基因分群结果:B群33株、C群10株、W群3株、E群1株,其他及不可分群25株。70株Nm菌株对复方新诺明、萘啶酸、环丙沙星、米诺环素、氯霉素5种抗生素的敏感率分别为7.14%、21.43%、28.57%、98.57%和98.57%,对美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、青霉素和利福平均敏感。17株菌株共有12种序列型别,其中12株菌株不能归入现有克隆群,其他5株属于CC4821（4株）和CC175（1株）。55株菌株分为48种不同的PFGE带型,带型相同的菌株其基因群亦相同。 结论 2008 – 2017年鄂西北地区分离的Nm菌株主要为B群;对复方新诺明、萘啶酸和环丙沙星具有较高的耐药性。MLST分型以CC4821为优势克隆。PFGE分型特征呈多态性,未出现优势带型。      

人文关怀护理在消化道肿瘤患者放疗护理中的实施效果

目的 探讨人文关怀护理在消化道肿瘤患者放疗护理中的实施效果。 方法 将100例消化道肿瘤患者按入院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上融入人文关怀护理。比较2组患者对护理工作的满意情况、遵医行为护理人员的关怀能力。 结果 观察组对护理工作的满意情况及遵医行为均好于对照组(Z=-3.287,P=0.001; Z=-3.979,P＜0.001),实施人文关怀后护理人员关怀能力好于实施前。 结论 将人文关怀护理运用于消化道肿瘤患者放疗护理中,能提高护理人员的人文关怀能力、患者满意度和患者的遵医行为。