Comparison of total hip arthroplasty with minimally invasive SuperPath approach vs. conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients: A one-year follow-up randomized controlled research

ObjectiveTo compare difference between SuperPath approach and conventional posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients.MethodsThe present prospective randomized controlled single blinded study enrolled a total of 96 elderly patients who received THA in our hospital during April 2015 to December 2018. All patients were randomly divided into the SuperPath group and the conventional group. General demographic characteristics and intraoperative data, as well as hospitalization time were recorded. Harris scores were used for measurement of hip function and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain measurement. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) were measured before and 24 h after surgery. Gait analysis was conducted by the method of footprints.ResultsThe mean surgical time was remarkably longer, the mean blood loss and incision length were significantly lower and the hospitalization time was also shorter in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. Both levels of CRP and CK were remarkably lower in the SuperPath group. At time points of 7 d and 1 mon after surgery, the VAS scores were significantly lower, and at 7 d, 1 mon and 3 mon the Harris scores were markedly higher in the SuperPath group compared with the conventional group. The step length and stride speed were significantly larger in the SuperPath group at 7 d and 1 mon after surgery than the conventional group. Joint dislocation was found in 2 cases of patients in the conventional group and no dislocation case was found in the SuperPath group. The angles of anteversion showed no significant difference, while the angles of abduction were significantly lower in the SuperPath group.ConclusionPatients with SuperPath approach had lower levels of CRP, ESR and CK, better hip function and less pain, as well as better gait condition than patients with conventional posterolateral approach in elderly patients.     

姜黄素通过新型蛋白激酶-θ亚型抑制大鼠海马神经元中通道的研究

目的探讨姜黄素对Ca2+通道电流的选择性抑制作用。方法使用10 mmol/L的钡离子作为电荷载体,利用膜片钳技术记录大鼠海马神经元的全细胞电流;免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马神经元中蛋白激酶C(PKC)的分型;进行全细胞膜片钳技术分析。结果姜黄素浓度依赖性抑制高电压门控Ca2+通道电流(IBa),姜黄素对Ca2+型通道的激活无显著影响,但能够使Ca2+通道的失活曲线向超极化方向移动;此外,在体外培养的大鼠海马神经元中,细胞内应用PKC-θ的抑制肽PKC-θ-IP,能消除黄素诱导抑制的作用;新型PKC-δ、PKC-ε和PKC-θ,但不包括PKC-η在神经元中内源性表达。结论姜黄素在大鼠海马神经元中通过新型的PKC-θ依赖途径抑制IBa,这个结论可能有利于证明姜黄素的神经保护作用。     

超声测量膈肌运动诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病

目的 探讨M型超声测量膈肌头尾向运动幅度与运动时间变化诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的价值。方法 运用M型超声观察68例稳定期COPD患者（COPD组）和68名健康志愿者（对照组）膈肌头尾向运动幅度与运动时间,比较两组间平静呼吸与深呼吸时膈肌运动幅度与运动时间,分析膈肌运动幅度与肺功能的相关性,采用ROC曲线判断M型超声诊断COPD的效能。结果 平静呼吸时,COPD组双侧膈肌运动幅度大于对照组;深呼吸时,对照组双侧膈肌运动幅度大于COPD组;平静呼吸和深呼吸时,对照组右侧的膈肌运动时间均大于COPD组（P均<0.05）。深呼吸时,膈肌运动幅度与第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1/用力肺活量均呈正相关（P均<0.05）。平静呼吸和深呼吸时,膈肌运动幅度诊断COPD的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.823、0.858;膈肌运动时间诊断COPD的AUC分别为0.620、0.678。结论 M型超声可通过判断膈肌运动情况快捷地评估膈肌功能,可辅助诊断COPD。     

Protective effect of platycodin D on liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic mice via regulation of Treg/Th17 balance

Platycodin D is a major pharmacological constituent of Platycodi Radix with immunomodulatory activity. The present study was designed to investigate how platycodin D (PLD) reveals liver injury in diabetic mice and its mechanism. Fifty mice were divided into five groups randomly: control group, model group, rosiglitazone (ROG, 10 mg/kg) group, PLD (50 mg/kg) group, and PLD (100 mg/kg) group. Diabetes was induced with the injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) subcutaneously, and animals with blood glucose level of ≥ 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic mice. After the first day of diabetes induction, the treatments were performed for 8 weeks. Then the animals were anaesthetized, and blood and liver samples were also collected for further assay. PLD significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-17A and increased IL-10 level in serum. PLD effectively downregulated aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in liver. PLD also attenuated liver histological change. In addition, PLD significantly attenuated IL-17A and IL-10 levels in vitro, flow cytometry (FCM) studies also showed that PLD remarkably inhibited Th17 cells and significantly increased Treg cells in liver tissues and spleen cells. Western blot demonstrated PLD inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK and STAT-3 and the expression of RORγt and increased the expression of Foxp3. The findings showed that PLD exerts beneficial effects on alloxan-induced liver injury in mice.     

Quantitative measurement of cartilage volume with automatic cartilage segmentation in knee osteoarthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - To determine the reproducibility of the automatic cartilage segmentation method using a prototype KneeCaP software (version 1.3; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and...     

青少年甲状腺疾病的特点和管理

青少年甲状腺疾病有其自身的特点,比如甲状腺亢进和甲状腺减退的药物选择、药物剂量、疗程等均与成人不 同。药物治疗是青少年甲亢最主要的手段,手术和放疗需要严格掌握适应证。青少年甲状腺相关眼病的病情较轻, 常常不需要激素等免疫抑制剂的治疗。青少年甲状腺结节中甲状腺癌的检出率高于成人,青少年分化型甲状腺癌 TSH抑制治疗的目标值可以更低。对青少年甲状腺疾病的治疗,需从安全性、适宜性、有效性、依从性、可及性、经济 性等多个方面加以权衡,与此同时各类疾病的随访指标和随访间期都不相同,需要针对性管理,以减少对其生长发育 的不良影响。在文中,我们将对几种青少年甲状腺疾病的特点和管理做一概述。     

18F-FDG PET/CT对皮肌炎抗MDA5抗体及预后的预测价值

目的:分析抗黑色素瘤分化相关基因5(MDA5)抗体阳性皮肌炎患者的肌肉FDG代谢、肿瘤发生率以及肺间质性改变在¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT的影像特征及其鉴别抗MDA5抗体阳性皮肌炎的价值。 方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年7月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院接受¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查的75例(34例抗MDA5抗体阳性,41例抗MDA5抗体阴性)皮肌炎患者[男21例、女54例,年龄(52.3±14.3)岁]和30名健康对照者[男10名、女20名,年龄(53.5±11.8)岁]的影像和临床资料,测定并计算肌肉SUV max及肌肉SUV max平均值(mSUV max);统计皮肌炎患者合并肿瘤性病变的情况;测定皮肌炎合并间质性肺炎患者肺炎病灶的SUV max。采用两独立样本 t检验、单因素方差分析、SNK检验和 χ²检验分析数据;行ROC曲线分析肌肉mSUV max鉴别抗MDA5抗体阳性皮肌炎的诊断效能。 结果:健康对照者、抗MDA5抗体阳性和抗MDA5抗体阴性皮肌炎患者的肌肉mSUV max分别为0.39±0.05、0.66±0.21和0.87±0.29( F=39.93, P<0.001);皮肌炎患者的肌肉mSUV max均高于健康对照者( q值:6.76、12.63,均 P<0.001);抗MDA5抗体阴性患者高于抗MDA5抗体阳性患者( q=5.79, P<0.001)。ROC AUC为0.74,当肌肉mSUV max取最佳阈值0.75时,在皮肌炎中鉴别出抗MDA5抗体阳性的准确性为74.7%(56/75)。抗MDA5抗体阴性患者中,恶性肿瘤6例(14.6%,6/41);抗MDA5抗体阳性患者中,无恶性肿瘤病例(0/34;χ²=5.41, P=0.020)。抗MDA5抗体阴性伴发间质性肺炎11例(26.8%, 11/41),抗MDA5抗体阳性伴发间质性肺炎33例(97.1%, 33/34;χ²=37.81, P<0.001);抗MDA5抗体阳性患者肺炎FDG代谢高于抗MDA5抗体阴性患者(SUV max:3.65±1.83和2.38±1.27;t=2.13, P=0.039)。 结论:抗MDA5抗体阳性皮肌炎患者的肌肉FDG代谢高于健康对照者,但低于抗MDA5抗体阴性患者。抗MDA5抗体阳性患者肿瘤性病变发生率低于抗MDA5抗体阴性患者。抗MDA5抗体阳性患者发生间质性肺炎的比例和严重程度均高于阴性患者。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对于鉴别抗MDA5抗体阳性皮肌炎具有一定价值。     

The value of asphericity derived from T1-weighted MR in differentiating intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions–comparison of glioblastomas and brain abscesses

Neurological Sciences - Both brain abscess(BA)and glioblastoma (GBM) are common causative pathologies of intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions. Advanced MR sequences such as diffusion weighted...     

纤维蛋白凝胶对上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响

目的 研究原位注射纤维蛋白凝胶对SD大鼠上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响。方法 体外实验中,将大鼠骨髓间充质细胞（rBMSCs）在不同凝血酶浓度制备的纤维蛋白凝胶环境下进行共培养,通过CCK-8、 ALP染色和活性定量以及茜素红染色,检测梯度浓度凝血酶制备的纤维蛋白凝胶降解产物对rBMSCs细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响。将rBMSCs分别采用共培养、二维表面培养和三维培养方法与纤维蛋白凝胶进行结合,观察细胞形态和黏附情况。体内实验中,构建SD大鼠上颌扩弓模型（n=12）,以100 g作为扩弓力,扩弓7 d,随机分为2组,每组6只,将仅配戴14 d保持器作为对照组（R组）,将原位注射纤维蛋白凝胶联合配戴14 d保持器作为实验组（R+FG组）,通过显微CT（Micro-CT）三维重建和分析,比较新生骨量和骨矿化密度的差异。通过H-E染色、Masson三色染色、TRAP染色和顺序荧光染色,观察腭中缝的组织学差异。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.1软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 体外实验结果显示,纤维蛋白凝胶降解产物对rBMSCs细胞增殖和成骨分化无显著影响（P>0.05）,且以上述3种方式培养的rBMSCs均具有良好的细胞延展性。体内实验结果显示,实验组新生骨量（P<0.001）和骨小梁矿化密度（P<0.01）较对照组显著提升,腭中缝内可见大量矿化程度更高的新生骨小梁组织;破骨细胞数量减少,矿化沉积速率显著加快（P<0.001）。结论 纤维蛋白凝胶降解产物对rBMSCs增殖、分化无影响。SD大鼠上颌扩弓后,腭中缝组织可通过原位注射纤维蛋白凝胶,促进新骨生成和矿化速率,抑制破骨细胞分化。