胸膜疾病纤维支气管镜胸腔诊治的应用价值

目的　探讨纤支镜代胸腔镜诊治胸膜疾病的临床应用价值。方法 对25例自发性气胸和22例胸腔积液患者在局麻下用纤支镜行开放式胸腔检查治疗术。结果 胸腔积液患者的诊断率为95.4%(21/22),包括胸膜转移癌11例,胸膜间皮瘤1例,胸膜结核6例,脓胸3例,气胸患者中13例寻找到肺大疱或胸膜破口,而48%(12例)镜下未见明显异常。结论 局麻下纤支镜代胸腔镜术安全、简便,可直视下观察胸腔病变并进行活检,有利明确积液病因,对脓胸和自发性气胸的诊治也有较大的意义。     

鼻内镜治疗鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉的疗效及其对患者嗅觉的影响

目的探讨鼻内镜下微创手术治疗鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉的疗效,并观察其对患者嗅觉功能的影响。方法将2012年6月~2014年6月笔者所在医院收治的134例鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉患者按照随机数字表法均分两组,各67例,对照组施行传统Wigand式开放手术治疗,研究组施行鼻内镜手术治疗,对两组患者术后疗效及嗅觉功能改善情况进行综合比较。结果术后28 d对两组患者治疗效果进行综合评价,研究组患者治疗总有效率(97.01%)高于对照组(88.06%)(P<0.05);两组患者术后12周时嗅觉功能CCCRC评分较术前均有明显改善(P<0.05),但研究组改善幅度较对照组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜下微创手术治疗鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉效果显著,能够明显改善患者嗅觉功能,值得临床推广应用。     

鱼油脂肪乳对脓毒症并发严重急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫调理作用

目的:观察鱼油脂肪乳(FO)对严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤Ⅲ级(AGIⅢ级)病人的疗效和免疫调理效果。方法:根据标准纳入AGIⅢ级病人78例,采用随机号码表将病人分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组病人在胃肠外营养(TPN)液中加入FO 10 g/d,24 h持续静脉注射。在TPN中加入中长链脂肪乳50 g与FO为5∶1。对照组不加FO。结果:治疗组病人60 d死亡11例(26.8%),对照组18例(48.6%)。57例病人(73%)为腹腔感染,其中治疗组病人28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组。CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组;辅助/诱导T淋巴细胞百分比低于对照组,而治疗第7天两组CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、辅助诱导T淋巴细胞百分比均无统计学差异。39例病人存在感染性休克,其中治疗组28 d和60 d病死率均低于对照组;CD3总T淋巴细胞百分比、Ig G、Ig A水平均低于对照组,治疗第7天各项指标差异仍不显著。结论:FO可改善严重脓毒症并发急性胃肠损伤病人的免疫功能,从而降低病死率。     

Mechanism of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

Objectives

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a novel therapy for diabetes. We aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of RYGB.

Methods

After RYGB, animal models were established, and gene expression profile of islets was assessed. Additionally, gastrointestinal hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ca²⁺ was studied using confocal microscopy and patch-clamp technique. The morphology of islets and beta cells was observed using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.

Results

RYGB was an effective treatment in diabetic rats. Expression profiling data showed that RYGB produced a new metabolic environment and that gene expression changed to adapt to the new environment. The differential expression of genes associated with hormones, Ca²⁺ and cellular proliferation was closely related to RYGB and diabetes metabolism. Furthermore, the data verified that RYGB led to changes in hormone level and enhanced Ca²⁺ concentration changes and Ca²⁺ channel activity. Morphological data showed that RYGB induced the proliferation of islets and improved the function of beta cells.

Conclusions

RYGB promoted a new metabolic environment while triggering changes to adapt to the new environment. These changes promoted the cellular proliferation of islets and improved the function of beta cells. The quantity of beta cells increased, and their quality improved, ultimately leading to insulin secretion enhancement.     

厄贝沙坦对老年高血压患者血尿酸、尿微量白蛋白的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦对老年高血压患者血尿酸(SUA)、尿微量白蛋白(UMA)的影响。方法:将98例老年高血压合并高尿酸血症(HUA)及UMA患者随机分为A组(n=50,口服厄贝沙坦片)和B组(n=48,口服氨氯地平片),用药4、8、12周后观察2组血压、SUA、24h-UMA的变化,疗程12周。结果:治疗12周后,A组平稳降压与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而治疗12周后A组SUA下降,24h-UMA排出减少,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均未见严重不良反应发生。结论:厄贝沙坦能降低老年高血压同时降低SUA和减少UMA的排出,对肾脏有很好的保护作用。     

传统后路与附加伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折比较

目的比较传统后路椎弓根螺钉固定与附加经伤椎椎体内植骨及椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法自2006年2月-2009年8月,将24例新鲜胸腰段脊椎Gertzbein A3型骨折患者随机分成A、B两组。分别采用传统椎弓根螺钉内固定、减压复位、椎板植骨融合术(A组)及采用附加经伤椎固定椎体内植骨、减压复位、椎板植骨融合术(B组)。分别于术后3,6,9,12个月对两组患者临床及影像学资料进行随访。比较测量手术前后Cobb’s角、椎体前缘高度和椎管占位率。结果两组安全完成手术,切口Ⅰ期愈合。随访14～42个月,平均18个月。术后A、B组Cobb’s角分别矫正至4.2°和3.8°;椎体前缘高度分别恢复至85.4%和86.8%;平均椎管占位率分别为4.8%和4.4%,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时A组Cobb’s角为5.5°,B组为3.9°;椎体前缘高度A组为恢复至73.3%,B组为恢复至86.1%;平均椎管占位率A组为5.1%,B组为4.4%。末次随访时A组Cobb’s角、椎体前缘高度和椎管占位率与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组有2例在末次随访时后凸角丢失>10°,1例内固定失败。结论经伤椎置钉能有效地恢复椎体前缘高度,伤椎椎体内植骨可有效维持复位,减少后凸畸形矫正丢失及内固定失败。     

经腹经阴道彩色多普勒超声在诊断及治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠中的价值

目的探讨经腹经阴道彩色多普勒超声在诊断及治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠中的价值。方法对经腹部结合经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断和辅助治疗6例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠表现为子宫前壁下段剖宫产瘢痕处见妊娠囊、厚壁囊样结构或杂乱回声区。其中,3例治疗成功,1例治疗后复查发现囊样结构变成杂乱回声团,刮宫取样送病理证实;1例外院将宫腔积液误诊为宫内孕行人工流产术,人工流产后出血不止,经保守治疗至HCG降至较低水平,包块逐渐变小;1例外院药流失败行清宫术,经保守治疗无效后,开腹行子宫瘢痕部位妊娠病灶切除加子宫修补术,手术成功。结论经腹结合经阴道彩色多普勒超声能够清晰显示剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠的位置、内部回声及血供情况。     

子宫内膜异位症疾病复发与个体腹腔镜术后氧化应激状态的关系探讨

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症疾病复发与个体腹腔镜术后氧化应激状态的关系。方法通过随访,对患者的复发与氧化应激指标ROS、MDA、SOD及GSH-Px的血清含量变化进行对比研究。结果 ROS与MDA无论在对照组还是在实验组的复发患者与未复发患者的比较中,差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05;SOD与GSH-Px无论在对照组还是在实验组的复发患者与未复发患者的比较中,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。结论 SOD及GSH-Px作为子宫内膜异位症的复发预测指标更为敏感。     

三维能量多普勒及彩色多普勒超声评估慢性肾脏病肾损害的价值

目的探讨三维能量多普勒（3D-CPA）超声参数血管指数（VI）及肾叶间动脉阻力指数（RI）评估慢性肾脏病（CKD）肾损害的价值。方法选择50例慢性肾脏病患者进行3D-CPA及彩色多普勒检查,计算血管指数（VI）及阻力指数（RI）,与正常对照组30例比较。结果不同分期的慢性肾脏病有不同的VI及RI值。VI与CKD分期呈正相关,RI与CKD分期呈负相关。结论 VI和RI均能无创的反映CKD的血流变化,为疾病的诊断、治疗、监测提供依据。     

Craniofacial vertical bone augmentation: A comparison between 3D printed monolithic monetite blocks and autologous onlay grafts in the rabbit

Onlay autografting is amongst the most predictable techniques for craniofacial vertical bone augmentation, however, complications related to donor site surgery are common and synthetic alternatives to onlay autografts are desirable. Recent studies have shown that the acidic calcium phosphates, brushite and monetite, are osteoconductive, osteoinductive and resorb faster in vivo than hydroxyapatite. Moreover, they can be 3D printed allowing precise host bone–implant conformation. The objectives of this study were to confirm that craniofacial screw fixation of 3D printed monetite blocks was possible and to compare the resulting vertical bone augmentation with autograft. 3D printed monolithic monetite onlay implants were fixed with osteosynthesis screws on the calvarial bone surface of New Zealand rabbits. After 8 weeks, integration between the implant and the calvarial bone surface was observed in all cases. Histomorphometry revealed that 42% of the monetite was resorbed and that the new bone formed within the implant occupied 43% of its volume, sufficient for immediate dental implant placement. Bone tissue within the autologous onlay occupied 60% of the volume. We observed that patterns of regeneration within the implants differed throughout the material and propose that this was due to the anatomy and blood supply pattern in the region. Rapid prototyped monetite being resorbable osteoconductive and osteoinductive would appear to be a promising biomaterial for many bone regeneration strategies.