放射性~(125)I粒子组织间植入对家兔尿道损伤的实验研究

目的:研究不同剂量的放射性125I粒子对家兔尿道的放射性损伤。方法:麻醉下将放射性125I粒子植入雄性家兔尿道旁1.0cm处。125I粒子的放射性粒子活度分别为14.8MBq(A组)、29.6MBq(B组)和44.4MBq(C组),对照组(D组)仅尿道旁种植相当于粒子大小无放射性的无菌铅管1粒。植入后4周,摄尿道片,观察粒子位置等情况;原手术切口切开,取放射粒子周围2.0cm范围内的家兔尿道组织作肉眼、光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察,进行放射性损伤的评价。结果:术后4周,肉眼及光学显微镜观察,实验组与对照组粒子周围的尿道粘膜、粘膜下及肌层所见基本一致;C组少部分电镜视野中观察到尿道上皮胞质出现较多空泡变性、空化、嵴稀疏等超微结构的损伤。光镜下尿道入射性损伤评分,A、B、C、D组分别为(2.20±0.18)、(2.23±0.15)、(2.27±0.10)、(2.10±0.17)分,A、B、C组与D组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对线粒体作FlaMeng半定量分析,A、B、C、D各组评分分别为(1.23±0.13)、(1.34±0.25)、(1.41±0.30)、(1.12±0.13)分,A、B、C各组与D组(对照组)相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:放射性125I粒子对尿道放射性损伤随粒子的放射性活度的增加而逐渐加重,呈明显的放射性活度效应关系;正常剂量的放射性粒子对尿道的损伤是很轻微的,是安全可行的。     

中国妇女乳房乳晕乳头比例的测定及相关因素分析

目的为塑造自然、匀称而具有美感的乳房提供参考和依据。方法对45例22~45岁、对自己乳房满意且无乳房手术史的女性志愿者,分别测量体重、身高、乳头直径、乳晕直径、胸乳线(乳头至胸骨切迹连线距离)、乳房内侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞内侧止点连线距离)、乳房外侧半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞外侧止点连线距离)、乳房下半径(乳头至乳房下皱襞最低点连线距离)。以乳房外侧半径长度作为乳房大小参考指标,由此计算和确定乳房、乳晕、乳头之间的比例,并对可能影响其变化的年龄、体重、身高等因素进行研究分析。结果该组样本显示中国妇女乳房与乳晕之比约为3.7∶1.0,乳晕乳头之比约为3.4∶1.0。体重、体重指数与乳房大小、乳晕乳头比例之间呈正相关,具有显著的统计学意义;而年龄、身高的影响在该样本中并未显现。结论乳房与乳晕、乳头间具有一定的合适比例,体重和肥胖可能是影响该比例关系的因素。乳房、乳晕、乳头比例的确定对东方妇女的乳房整形和再造具有美学价值,可被用于手术中对乳房大小的理想化设计和预测。     

人工全髋置换术中拉钩对下肢深静脉血栓影响的研究

目的：通过对髂外动静脉及股动静脉与髋臼解剖学与临床的研究，探讨在全髋臼置换术中拉钩在髋放置位置对下肢深静脉血栓的影响。方法：通过解剖学研究56具成年骨盆标本中髂外动静脉及股动静脉来源及走行、与髋臼的关系进行测量分析；并通过临床观察22例（股骨颈骨折12例、股骨头缺血性坏死6例、类风湿性关节炎4例）在人工全髋置换术（THR）中拉钩放置安全区，经下肢静脉超声多普勒检查观察下肢深静脉血栓发病率。结果：在左侧3-5点间、右侧7-9点、左侧9点、右侧3点使用拉钩用力要适度，牵拉时间过长，会造成臀下血管、股动脉的牵拉过度或时间过长，易引起下肢深静脉血栓；通过临床22例THR拉钩放置安全区的观察，无一例下肢深静脉血栓，仅有2例轻度深静脉血流缓慢、但无明显的症状体征，经过口服活血通络中药后消失。结论：通过解剖学与临床观察研究，确定在THR中拉钩放置位置、深度是避免下肢深静脉血栓的重要因素。     

长链非编码RNA lnc-CCDC33-1:1在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测lnc-CCDC33-1:1在甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）中的表达,并分析其临床意义。方法：选取2021年11月至2022年3月杭州市萧山区第一人民医院收治的120例PTC患者,收集120例PTC组织及30例癌旁正常甲状腺组织。采用qRT-PCR检测lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC组织及癌旁组织中的表达。分析本地队列和TCGA队列中lnc-CCDC33-1:1表达水平与PTC患者临床病理因素的相关性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价lnc-CCDC33-1:1对PTC的诊断价值。结果：与癌旁正常甲状腺组织比,lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC组织中表达明显升高（P ＜0.001）。ROC曲线显示曲线下面积为0.803（95%CI =0.736～0.869,P ＜0.001）。本地队列显示lnc-CCDC33-1:1 表达与PTC肿瘤大小（P =0.048）、腺外侵犯（P =0.019）、T分期（P =0.011）和淋巴结转移（P =0.009）相关,TCGA组数据显示lnc-CCDC33-1:1表达水平与PTC腺外侵犯（P =0.036）和淋巴结转移（P ＜0.001）相关。结论：lnc-CCDC33-1:1在PTC中表达异常升高,与PTC高危特征相关,可能是潜在的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。     

绝经后高血压危险因素的Meta分析

背景 流行病学研究表明,绝经后女性的高血压患病率高于老年男性。近年来,有关绝经后高血压的临床表现、病理特征、发病机制、治疗方法等受到越来越多的关注,但由于受到研究设计、样本量、人群特征、资源不足等因素的影响,其危险因素的研究结果不一致且缺乏全面报道。目的 运用系统评价方式探讨女性绝经后高血压的危险因素,为更好地预防和管理绝经后高血压提供循证证据。方法 于2022年1—5月,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、EmBase、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science电子数据库,获取与绝经后高血压危险因素相关的队列及病例对照研究。检索时限为建库起至2022-05-20。由2名研究者独立根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）对所提取的文献进行偏倚风险评估,将得分≥6分（高质量）的文献纳入研究,最后采用RevMan 5.3对其进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献,5篇为队列研究,5篇为病例对照研究,共涉及16个危险因素,总样本量为34 864,且均为高质量文献。Meta分析结果显示,...     

从国际视野看针刺镇痛发展前景（英文）

<正>Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms and has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the"fifth vital sign"after blood pressure,respiratory rate,pulse rate,and body temperature.For the first time,in June 2018,the WHO included chronic pain in the International 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases as a separate disease [1].In recent years,Chinese medicine,and acupuncture in particular,     

基于复杂网络的《新针灸学》与《经络腧穴学》比较分析研究（英文）

提取《新针灸学》《经络腧穴学》中穴位名称、主治病症信息,基于复杂网络建立穴-症网络,分析两者穴位数量、相互关联程度及主治规律变化,借助拓扑学数据解释变化原因,为传统针灸知识体系的结构化、标准化研究提供具体思路和方法。共纳入《新针灸学》386穴、773种症状、形成152163个穴位配伍对,《经络腧穴学》403穴、253种症状、28755个穴位配伍对。两本教材的穴-症网络存在丰富的差异性,其所载的病症结构化程度随医学知识的更新而提升。《新针灸学》模型具有更加典型的小世界效应,或因其以病症为主要分类手段的优势体现。两本教材穴位定位与主治方面发生许多变化,学科发展、时代背景等方面是变化的主要原因。     

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of the vascular cognitive impairment associated with cerebral small vessel disease

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of the vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD–VCI) and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical acupuncture treatment for CSVD–VCI.MethodVarious databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature Service System, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to acupuncture treatment for CSVD–VCI. The quality of the included trials was evaluated, and a meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsTen articles on RCTs were included, involving 761 patients, i.e., 381 in the acupuncture group and 380 in the control group. The meta-analysis results indicated that the use of acupuncture alone and acupuncture alongside other therapies for CSVD–VCI could improve the overall clinical response rate [odds ratio = 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (2.05, 6.00), P < 0.00001], increase the patients’ Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores [mean difference (MD) = 3.33, 95%CI (2.98, 3.68), P < 0.00001], Mini-Mental State Examination scores [MD = 2.78, 95%CI (2.51, 3.06), P < 0.00001], and activities of daily living scores [MD = 6.30, 95%CI (4.22, 8.37), P < 0.00001], and shorten the latency of auditory evoked potential P300 [MD = −14.67, 95%CI (−19.54, −9.80), P < 0.00001].ConclusionAcupuncture alone and acupuncture alongside other therapies are superior to non-acupuncture-based therapies in the treatment of CSVD–VCI. However, due to the small number of relevant available articles and their general low quality, this conclusion may be biased. More clinical RCTs with a larger sample size and higher quality are needed to support this theory.     

Can dogs serve as stress mediators to decrease salivary cortisol levels in a population of liberal arts college undergraduate students?

The steroid hormone cortisol can be used to measure physiological stress in humans. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis synthesizes cortisol, and a negative feedback cycle regulates cortisol depending on an individual's stress level and/or circadian rhythm. Chronic stress of college undergraduate students is associated with various adverse health effects, including anxiety and depression. Reports suggest that stress levels have risen dramatically in recent years, particularly among university students dealing with intense academic loads in addition to COVID-19 pandemic-related uncertainty. The increasing rate of mental illness on college campuses necessitates the study of mediators potentially capable of lowering stress, and thus cortisol levels. Research on mediation techniques and coping mechanisms have gained traction to address the concerning levels of stress, including the employment of human-animal interaction sessions on college campuses. In this study, human-canine interaction as a stress mediation strategy for undergraduate students was investigated. We measured salivary cortisol levels in 73 college undergraduate students during a 60-min interaction period with a dog to determine whether human-canine interactions are effective in lowering cortisol levels and potentially reducing chronic stress typical of undergraduate students. Our results indicate that a human-canine interaction for 60 min is an effective method for significantly reducing salivary cortisol and stress levels among undergraduate college students. These findings support the expansion of animal visitation programs on college campuses to help students manage stress.     

The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine Guilu Erxian Jiao in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveA systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials, from the inception of each source to April 20, 2021. Primary outcome included overall efficacy, pain score, and Lequesne index score; secondary outcome included adverse events. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 1.0). The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects model due to anticipated clinical heterogeneity. The grading of overall evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021233573).ResultsEight studies were included. Compared to controls, GEJ exhibited superior overall efficacy for treating OA (risk ratio (RR) = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.35). Regarding pain score, there was no statistical difference between GEJ and controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.27; 95% CI = −0.91 – 1.46). No significant difference was found in Lequesne score between GEJ and controls (MD = −0.25; 95% CI = −0.52 – 0.01). No statistical difference in adverse reactions was observed between GEJ and controls (risk difference (RD) = −0.01; 95% CI = −0.05–0.03).ConclusionOur findings suggest that GEJ may have positive effects on overall efficacy in treating OA. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding pain score, Lequesne score, and knee joint function score.