Thyroid diseases associated with interferon α treatment for viral hepatitis

There are many complications during the interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment for viral hep-atitis,and thyroid disease is the most common side-effect in endocrine aspects. Thus, clinicians are drawing much attention to the interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT). Though the etiology is not clear,some factors may contribute to the susceptibility to IIT, such as genetic predisposition, gender,and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in-fection. The pathogenesis may be secondary to immune modulation by IFNα and/or by its direct effects on the thyroid. Autoimmune IIT may manifest as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the development of thyroid antibodies without clinical symptoms. Non-autoimmune IIT can manifest as destructive thyroiditis or hypothyroidism with negative thyroid antibodies. Screening for autoantibodies and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is recommended before, during and after IFNα treatment. Early detection and therapy of these conditions is important.     

糖尿病肾病诊治新进展

糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Retinopathy，DN)是糖尿病最常见、最严重的慢性并发症之一。随着糖尿病发病率的迅速上升，DN的发病率亦逐渐增加。调查显示，我国1型糖尿病患者的DN患病率约为30％～40％，2型糖尿病约为15％～20％。DN的危害非常巨大，若不积极治疗，最终可发展为终末期肾衰竭(end stage renal disease，ESRD)。文献报道，美国40％的ESRD病人是由DN所致，     

重组葡激酶对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠心肌细胞凋亡调节基因表达的影响

目的观察SAP心肌功能损害时心肌细胞凋亡基因的表达及重组葡激酶对其的干预作用。方法63只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、ANP6h、12h、18h组和葡激酶干预6h、12h、18h组（干预组），每组9只。采用5％的牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射法建立ANP模型。观察心肌的病理变化，免疫组化法检测心肌Bel-2、Bax及N卜KB的表达。结果ANP组心肌片状坏死，NF-κB表达增加，为35．0～59．5；干预组心肌的病理变化减轻，NF-κB表达为10．5～17．0，较ANP组明显减少（P〈0．05）。ANP12h、18h组Bcl-2表达较假手术组显著减少（0．12～0．08υs0．31，P〈0．05），而Bax表达显著增加（1．48～2．83υs0．68）；干预12h、18h组Bcl-2表达较ANP组明显增加，达0．34～0．36（P〈O．05），而Bax表达明显减少，为1．06～1．10（P〈0．05）。结论ANP大鼠心肌NF-κB和Bax表达增加，Bcl-2表达减少；葡激酶干预后NF-κB及Bax的表达被抑制，Bcl-2的表达上调。     

12/15-脂加氧酶与糖尿病微血管并发症

最近研究发现,12/15-脂加氧酶的过表达或激活可能促进了糖尿病肾病和神经病变的进展.该酶可催化花生四烯酸产生12-羟基二十碳四烯酸和15-羟基二十碳四烯酸,从而影响细胞结构、代谢和信号转导.研究发现12/15-脂加氧酶及其代谢产物可直接诱导或间接调节细胞因子导致细胞肥大、增殖和细胞外基质堆积,参与糖尿病肾病的发生.此外,该酶的过表达和激活与外周神经系统的氧化-硝化应激相关,可能参与糖尿病神经病变的发生.因此,12/15-脂加氧酶抑制剂或包含抑制剂的联合治疗可能为糖尿病微血管并发症的治疗提供新的研究方向.     

骨质疏松性骨折围手术期干预指南

正骨质疏松性骨折系患者在日常生活中,受到轻微外力或通常不会引起骨折的外力时发生的骨折,亦称脆性骨折(fragility fracture)。"通常不会引起骨折的外力"指在人体站立高度或低于站立高度跌倒时所产生的冲击[1-2]。围手术期是指围绕手术的一个全过程,从患者决定接受手术开始,到手术治疗直至基本康复,包括手术前、手术中及手术后的一段时间。具体是指从确定手术治疗时起,直到与此手术相关的治疗基本结束为     

重组葡激酶对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠心肌细胞凋亡调节基因表达的影响

目的 观察SAP心肌功能损害时心肌细胞凋亡基因的表达及重组葡激酶对其的干预作用.方法 63只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、ANP 6h、12h、18h组和葡激酶干预6h、12h、18h 组(干预组),每组9只.采用5%的牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射法建立ANP模型.观察心肌的病理变化,免疫组化法检测心肌Bcl-2、Bax及NF-kB的表达.结果 ANP 组心肌片状坏死,NB-kB表达增加,为35.0～59.5;干预组心肌的病理变化减轻,NF-kB表达为10.5～17.0,较ANP组明显减少(P＜0.05).ANP12h、18h组Bcl-2表达较假手术组显著减少(0.12～0.08vs0.31,P＜0.05),而Bax表达显著增加(1.48～2.83vs0.68);干预12h、18h组Bcl-2表达较ANP组明显增加,达0.34～0.36(P＜0.05),而Bax表达明显减少,为1.06～1.10(P＜0.05).结论 ANP 大鼠心肌NF-kB和Bax表达增加,Bcl-2表达减少;葡激酶干预后NF-kB及Bax的表达被抑制,Bcl-2的表达上调.     

Thyroid diseases associated with interferon α treatment for viral hepatitis

There are many complications during the interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment for viral hep-atitis,and thyroid disease is the most common side-effect in endocrine aspects. Thus, clinicians are drawing much attention to the interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT). Though the etiology is not clear,some factors may contribute to the susceptibility to IIT, such as genetic predisposition, gender,and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in-fection. The pathogenesis may be secondary to immune modulation by IFNα and/or by its direct effects on the thyroid. Autoimmune IIT may manifest as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the development of thyroid antibodies without clinical symptoms. Non-autoimmune IIT can manifest as destructive thyroiditis or hypothyroidism with negative thyroid antibodies. Screening for autoantibodies and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is recommended before, during and after IFNα treatment. Early detection and therapy of these conditions is important.     

甲亢突眼征眼部动脉和甲状腺上动脉的血流动力学分析

目的探讨甲亢突眼征的眼部和甲状腺上动脉血流动力学参数变化的规律,以及血流动力学改变对甲亢突眼征形成的影响。方法应用彩色超声多普勒诊断仪,检测甲亢突眼征患者的眼动脉（OA）、睫状后短动脉（SPCA）、视网膜中央动脉（CRA）及甲状腺上动脉（STA）的血流速度及阻力指数,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果甲亢突眼征眼部动脉和甲状腺上动脉血流速度明显加快。其特点为：OA、SPCA、CRA及STA的收缩期峰值流速（PSV）均明显加速,与正常对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;OA、SPCA、CRAD的舒张末期速度（EDV）下降和阻力指数（RI）升高,与正常对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05,P〈0．011,甲亢突眼征组眼部OA、SCPA和CRA的PSV与STA的PSV呈正相关（R0．01）。结论彩超多普勒可准确反映甲亢突眼征患者的眼部血流动力学变化情况,其眼部动脉血流参数PSV与STA的PSV有相关性。     

Thyroid diseases associated with interferon α treatment for viral hepatitis

There are many complications during the interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment for viral hep-atitis,and thyroid disease is the most common side-effect in endocrine aspects. Thus, clinicians are drawing much attention to the interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT). Though the etiology is not clear,some factors may contribute to the susceptibility to IIT, such as genetic predisposition, gender,and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in-fection. The pathogenesis may be secondary to immune modulation by IFNα and/or by its direct effects on the thyroid. Autoimmune IIT may manifest as Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the development of thyroid antibodies without clinical symptoms. Non-autoimmune IIT can manifest as destructive thyroiditis or hypothyroidism with negative thyroid antibodies. Screening for autoantibodies and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is recommended before, during and after IFNα treatment. Early detection and therapy of these conditions is important.     

前列地尔注射液治疗2型糖尿病并发下肢动脉闭塞症的临床研究——多中心、随机、双盲、阳性药平行对照研究

以前列地尔注射液凯时(北京泰德制药有限公司生产)为阳性对照药物,评价前列地尔注射液(陕西正康医药化工有限公司生产)治疗2型糖尿病合并的下肢动脉闭塞症的疗效,发现两种药物在改善患者步行距离、减轻下肢疼痛和提高ABI方面均有良好的治疗效果,两组间疗效差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).