达比加群酯治疗脑静脉血栓形成的有效性和安全性:与华法林的比较

目的比较达比加群酯与华法林治疗脑静脉血栓形成(cerebral venous thrombosis,CVT)安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月在河南省人民医院神经内科住院治疗的CVT患者的病历资料,根据用药情况分为达比加群酯组和华法林组。主要转归指标为治疗后6个月时的功能转归良好,定义为改良Rankin量表评分0~2分。次要转归指标包括受累静脉窦再通率以及出血发生率。结果共纳入152例CVT患者,其中达比加群酯组34例,华法林组118例。两组人口统计学和基线资料比较均差异无统计学意义。治疗6个月时,达比加群酯组和华法林组功能转归良好率(94.1%对93.2%;χ^2=0.043,P=0.836)以及受累静脉窦再通率(94.1%对93.2%;χ^2=0.043,P=0.836)均差异无统计学意义。达比加群酯组出血发生率显著低于华法林组(8.8%对27.1%;χ^2=4.985,P=0.026),两组轻微出血发生率差异无统计学意义(8.8%对16.1%;χ^2=0.618,P=0.432),但达比加群酯组严重出血发生率有显著低于华法林组的趋势(0%对11.0%;Fisher精确检验P=0.074)。达比加群酯组无死亡病例,华法林组死亡2例,其中1例妊娠期女性患者在治疗4个月时死于CVT复发,1例男性患者在治疗2个月时死于急性心肌梗死。两组病死率差异无统计学意义(0%对1.7%;Fisher精确检验P=1.000)。结论达比加群酯治疗CVT的有效性不逊于华法林,且出血并发症风险更低。     

不同工艺制备的静注人免疫球蛋白产品质量对比研究

目的 对比用低温乙醇蛋白分离工艺制备的静注人免疫球蛋白（pH4）和两步阴离子交换层析制备的静注人免疫球蛋白（10%）产品质量指标,分析制备工艺对产品质量的影响。方法 对2种工艺的产品进行IgA含量、分子大小分布、抗-HBs效价、蛋白空间结构、Fc片段活性、抗体谱和IgG亚型分布等指标的检测和对比分析。结果 两步阴离子交换层析制备的静注人免疫球蛋白的IgA含量（5.30 μg/ml）明显低于低温乙醇分离制备的（281.95 μg/ml）,而分子大小分布、抗-HBs效价、蛋白空间结构、Fc片段活性、抗体谱、亚型分布指标没有明显差别。结论 两步阴离子交换层析制备的静注人免疫球蛋白（10%）具有更高的安全性。     

复合α-TCP透磷灰石骨水泥材料的生物相容性研究

目的:观察复合α-TCP透磷灰石骨水泥的生物相容性,为该复合骨水泥的临床应用提供动物组织学实验依据。方法:在β-TCP+MCPM骨水泥的基础上添加α-TCP,得到一种改进型透磷灰石骨水泥。以传统的透磷灰石骨水泥为对照组,对其进行体外溶血试验、热源试验、急性毒性试验、皮肤过敏试验、肌内植入试验。结果:α-TCP透磷灰石骨水泥的溶血率<5%,无热源性、无毒性、无皮肤过敏,植入肌肉后无明显炎症反应。结论:α-TCP的透磷灰石骨水泥具有良好的生物相容性和安全性,可作为体内骨替换材料。     

原发性高血压患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和-β水平测定及临床意义

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平变化与EH发生的关系。方法:ELISA法检测260例河南汉族EH患者和394名对照者的血清TNF-α及TNF-β水平。结果:与对照者比较,EH患者血清TNF-α及TNF-β水平均显著增高[(7.648±2.115)pg/ml︰(5.417±1.903)pg/ml,(6.036±1.227)pg/ml︰(4.925±1.737)pg/ml,均P<0.01]。EH患者血清TNF水平随收缩压和舒张压的升高而升高,呈正相关(均P<0.01)。结论:EH患者的血清TNF水平增高可能与EH的发生相关。     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by DBU in water

A simple and green procedure was established by [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of isatin derived cyclic imine 1,3-dipoles with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, giving the desired spiro heterocyclic oxindoles with aza-quaternary centers in good yields and diastereoselectivities. It should be noted that water can be employed as a suitable solvent for the improvement of diastereoselectivity.

A simple and green procedure was established by [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of isatin derived cyclic imine 1,3-dipoles with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, giving spirooxindoles with aza-quaternary center in good yields and diastereoselectivities.

Aza-quaternary centers are pivotal structural units, which exist in a variety of bioactive molecules and natural products.¹ In particular, spirooxindoles at the C3 position bearing a quaternarized N-heterocycle have attracted considerable attention because of their privileged structural units with attractive bioactivities,² for example, antimalarial,³ anti-HIV,⁴ antitumor,⁵ anticancer,⁶ inhibitor at the vanilloid receptor,⁷ antituberculosis,⁸etc. (Fig. 1). Due to their remarkable biological importance, great efforts have been made to access spiro heterocyclic oxindoles with aza-quaternary centers. These methods include cycloaddition of imines,⁹ 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition,¹⁰ multicomponent cyclization reaction¹¹ and metal-catalyzed cycloaddition.¹² Among them, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is one of the most powerful tools for the construction of diverse spirooxindole fused N-heterocyclic scaffolds. Of these, N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines were widely studied for constructing various types of N-heterocyclic skeletons with spirooxindole as a stable and easily accessed 1,3-dipoles. In 2013, Wang''s group reported their pioneering studies on Et₃N-catalyzed diastereoselective [3 + 3] annulation of N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with isothiocyanatooxindoles to build 3,3′-triazinylspirooxindoles. In 2017, Wang et al. developed a new isatin-derived N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles, and successfully applied in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the construction of spirooxindoles bearing N-heterocycles (Scheme 1a).^10c Very recently, Jin''s group reported a Cs₂CO₃-catalyzed [3 + 4] annulation of isatin-derived 1,3-dipole with aza-oQMs (Scheme 1b).^10d Furthermore, Moghaddam and coworkers developed an efficient method for the synthesis of pyridazine-fused spirooxindole scaffolds by 1,3-dipolar [3 + 3] cycloadditions (Scheme 1c).^10e On the other hand, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and their analogs as readily available substrates are also important building blocks in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds which are widely applied in N-heterocyclic carbenes catalysis and other organocatalysis.¹³ Inspired by these great works and our continuing efforts towards green synthesis of spirooxindole skeletons. We envisioned a quick and efficient way of [3 + 3] cyclization reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with the new isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles via oxindole C3 umpolung. We wish to disclose herein that a green and practical access to synthesize pharmacologically interesting spirooxindole derivatives by involving isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipole as nucleophiles and various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in water using DBU as organocatalyst. Our initial examinations were carried out using isatin derivated cyclic imine 1,3-dipole 1a (0.1 mmol) and α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 2a (0.12 mmol) as the model substrates, the results of condition optimization are shown in Open in a separate windowFig. 1Selected bioactive products of C3-spirooxindoles with aza-quaternary centers.Open in a separate windowScheme 1Isatin-derived N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles participated in the construction of N-heterocyclic skeletons with C3-spirooxindole.Optimization of the reaction conditions^a

Mitochondrial haplogroups and hypervariable region polymorphisms in schizophrenia: A case-control study

Previous studies have detected associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and schizophrenia (SZ). However, no study has examined the relationship between major mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and SZ in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to assess the association between mtDNA haplogroups and SZ genesis in the Chinese Han population. We used a case-control study and sequenced the mtDNA hypervariable regions (HVR1, HVR2, and HVR3) in the Han population. We analyzed mtDNA haplogroups and HVR polymorphisms in 298 SZ patients and 298 controls. The haplotypes were classified into 10 major haplogroups: A, B, CZ, D, F, G, M, N, N9a, and R. Statistical analysis revealed that only N9a showed a nominally significant association with protection from SZ [1.68% vs. 6.38%, p=0.004, OR=0.251 (0.092–0.680); after adjustment for age and sex: p=0.006, OR=0.246 (0.090–0.669)]. Three HVR polymorphisms were found to be nominally significantly different between subjects with SZ and controls, and all except one (m.204T>C) are linked to the N9a haplogroup. Our results indicate that mtDNA haplogroup N9a might be a protective factor for SZ.     

Photo-induced self-catalysis of nano-Bi2MoO6 for solar energy harvesting and charge storage

Efficient, sustainable, and integrated energy systems require the development of novel multifunctional materials to simultaneously achieve solar energy harvesting and charge storage. Bi-based oxysalt aurivillius phase materials are potential candidates due to their typical photovoltaic effect and their pseudo-capacitance charge storage behavior. Herein, we synthesized nano-Bi₂MoO₆ as a material for both solar energy harvesting and charge storage due to its suitable band gap for absorption of visible light and its well-defined faradaic redox reaction from Bi metal to Bi³⁺. The irradiation of visible light significantly affected the electrochemical processes and the dynamics of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode. The photo-induced self-catalytic redox mechanism was carefully explored by adding sacrificial agents in photocatalysis reaction. In accordance with the rule of energy matching, the photo-generated holes oxidized the Bi metal to Bi³⁺, and the corresponding peak current increased by 79.5% at a scanning rate of 50 mV s⁻¹. More importantly, the peak current retention rate remained higher than 92.5% during the entire 200 cycles. The photo-generated electrons facilitated a decrease of 184 mV in the overpotential of the reduction process. Furthermore, the irradiation of visible light also accelerated the ionic diffusion of the electrolyte. These investigations provide a unique perspective for the design and development of new multifunctional materials to synergistically realize solar energy harvesting and charge storage.

Photo-induced self-catalytic redox reaction of nano Bi₂MoO₆ for solar energy harvesting and pseudo-capacitance charge storage.

Highly efficient and sustainable green energy conversion and storage are available solutions to the intensifying energy and environmental conservation issues.^1–17 New integrated energy systems with simplified processes, that realize the complementarity between multiple clean energy technologies, are attracting increasing amounts of attention.^{1,4–6,9,12–14,17} Among the numerous energy conversion and storage technologies available, solar energy is one of the most promising as an abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, and renewable energy source. Electrochemical rechargeable devices can achieve highly efficient energy conversion and storage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated system that synchronously achieves solar energy harvesting and charge storage within one device.^1,11,18 Some photo-rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, such as photo-rechargeable batteries^{7,8,12,13,16,19–22} and photo-rechargeable capacitors,^{2–6,9–11,14,15,18,23–27} have been emerged. These new devices usually contain an independent solar energy harvesting unit (such as photovoltaic solar cells that include a dye-sensitized solar cell,⁴ organometal halide perovskite cells,²³ polymer solar cell,⁹ and Si solar cells¹³), as well as separate rechargeable energy storage units (such as lithium-ion batteries,^5,7,12,13,21 lithium oxygen batteries,²² zinc-ion batteries⁸ and flow batteries,¹⁹ supercapacitors,^6,14,23 and hybrid capacitors²⁵), which are expensive and lead to the energy-level mismatch and ohmic transport losses at the interface between the two units.^3,17 Thus, it is highly desirable to explore new materials that are capable of harvesting and storing energy simultaneously.^8,25 Bi-based oxysalt aurivillius phase materials are the potential candidates due to their typical photovoltaic effect²⁸ and electrochemical energy storage behavior.^29–40 However, there are few reports on the integrated photo-rechargeable devices that use Bi-based oxysalt,⁴¹ and the synergy mechanism between the photovoltaic effect and the electrochemical process has not yet been revealed. Here, we selected nano-Bi₂MoO₆ as the material for both solar energy harvesting and charge storage because it has a suitable band gap for the absorption in visible light,²⁸ a layered structure that favors a high electron transfer rate, and a well-defined faradaic redox from Bi metal to Bi(iii).³⁶ The irradiation of visible light significantly influenced the electrochemical processes and the dynamics of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode, and the photo-induced self-catalytic redox mechanism was carefully explored.Nano Bi₂MoO₆ was prepared by a simple hydrothermal reaction, and the specific method was shown in the ESI.^† The X-ray diffraction (XRD) test was conducted to confirm the phase of the as-prepared Bi₂MoO₆ sample. As shown in Fig. 1a, the sharp and intense diffraction peaks demonstrated that the as-prepared Bi₂MoO₆ powder had high crystallinity, and the characteristic diffraction peaks at 10.9°, 23.6°, 28.4°, 32.6°, 33.3°, 36.0°, 39.8°, 47.2°, 55.7°, 56.3°, 58.6°, and 76.2° were well indexed to (020), (111), (131), (200), (002), (151), (062), (331), (133), (262), and (400) planes of the pure orthorhombic phase of the aurivillius Bi₂MoO₆ (JCPDS card no. 21-0102), respectively.³⁵ The morphology of the Bi₂MoO₆ was investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (Fig. 1b–h). The SEM and TEM images of the Bi₂MoO₆ showed a mixed morphology consisting of nanorods with diameters in 50–100 nm and nanosheets of 20–30 nm thickness; the elements of Bi, Mo, and O had a uniform distribution on Bi₂MoO₆''s surface by STEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Fig. 1d–g). Further, the lattice interplanar spacing of 0.24 nm in the high-resolution (HR)-TEM image corresponded to the (022) crystal plane of the orthorhombic Bi₂MoO₆ (Fig. 1h).³⁶ The nanostructures of the aurivillius Bi₂MoO₆ facilitate fast transportation of electrons and ions during the electrochemical and photo reactions. In addition, Fig. 1i showed the photo absorption behavior of the nano-Bi₂MoO₆, its visible-light response could extend to 600 nm, and the band gap was 2.6 eV, thus confirming that the as-prepared nano-Bi₂MoO₆ was able to harvest the solar energy.Open in a separate windowFig. 1(a) XRD pattern, (b) FESEM images, (c) TEM graphics, (d–g) STEM images, (h) high-resolution TEM graphic, and (i) optical absorption spectrum of the as-synthesized Bi₂MoO₆.The electrochemical processes of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrodes were measured using a standard three-electrode system, which contained the working electrode of Bi₂MoO₆, the platinum counter electrode, and the Hg/HgO reference electrode in a 1 M KOH electrolyte at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The experimental measurements of the irradiation of visible light were carried out in a 100 ml quartz electrochemical cell. A 300 W xenon arc lamp was utilized as a visible-light source, and the light intensity is 8 mW cm⁻². In the dark, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrodes exhibited well-defined faradaic redox peaks at −0.35 V, −0.50 V, and −0.75 V, corresponding to the conversion of the Bi metal to Bi(iii) being mediated by OH⁻ from the electrolyte, which clearly indicated the typical pseudo-capacitance charge storage behavior of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode (Fig. S1^†).^31,42 Moreover, the cathodic and anodic peak currents depended linearly on the square roots of the scan rates (Fig. S2^†), revealing that the diffusion of the electrolyte was a rate-controlling step during the pseudo-capacitance charge storage process of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrodes.Under illumination of visible light, the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode showed similar pseudo-capacitance charge storage behavior to that exhibited in the dark from the CV results (Fig. S3^†), but the intensity and position of anodic and cathodic peaks showed significant changes (Fig. 2a–f). Specifically, the anodic peak at −0.35 V (P_a2) became much sharper and its intensity increased significantly. Correspondingly, the charging platform at −0.46 V appeared much more obvious from galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) result (Fig. 2h). These results clearly manifested that the irradiation of visible light improved the reversibility of the oxidation reaction from Bi⁰ to Bi³⁺ and enhanced the peak current of P_a2 dramatically.⁴¹ Furthermore, we quantitively compared the peak current of P_a2 at different scan rates, and found that the maximum gain reached 79.5% at the scanning rate of 50 mV s⁻¹ under the irradiation of visible light (Fig. 2g). In addition, the anodic peak at −0.5 V (P_a1) shifted negatively, demonstrating that the oxidation from metal bismuth located near the electrode–electrolyte interface to Bi³⁺ occurred more easily under the irradiation of visible light.⁴³ For the reduction process, the cathodic peak at −0.74 V (P_c) had a positive shift, demonstrating that the reduction of Bi³⁺ had a smaller overpotential. Meanwhile, P_c split into a shoulder peak (P_c1) and a main peak (P_c2), also, P_c1 became increasingly strong as the sweep rate increased. P_c2 is attributed to the reduction of Bi³⁺ the dissolved species Bi³⁺ to Bi⁰, and the shoulder peak P_c1 may correspond to water splitting to produce hydrogen. Simultaneously, two charging platforms arose during the discharging (Fig. 2h). These results highlighted that the irradiation of visible light had a great influence on the electrochemical behavior of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode, and that it can improve the reversibility, decrease the overpotential and increase the peak current during the anodic and cathodic processes. Furthermore, the irradiation of visible light also affected the dynamics of the processes at the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode (Fig. 2i). As that in the dark, the transformation between Bi⁰ and Bi³⁺ is still a diffusion of the electrolyte dominant process under illumination, because I_Pa2 and I_Pc2 depend linearly on the square roots of the scan rates. However, the oxidation of metal bismuth switched to a capacitive process, because I_Pa1 was linearly dependent on the scan rates. This result illustrated the irradiation of visible light also accelerated the mobility of ions, which enabled the diffusion of the electrolyte opposed to the rate-controlling step. Further, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode is performed in the dark and under the irradiation of visible light, and the results are shown in Fig. S5.^† Compared with the quasi-semicircle plot in the dark condition, the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode shows a sharper plot in the low frequency region under the irradiation of visible light, verifying that the irradiation of visible light accelerated the ionic diffusion of the electrolyte again.Open in a separate windowFig. 2(a–f) The CV curves of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode and (g) the P_a2 current density at different scan rates in the dark and under the irradiation of visible light; (h) the GCD profiles at 1 A g⁻¹ of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode in the dark and under the irradiation of visible light with a light intensity of 8 mW cm⁻²; (i) the relationship between the peak currents of the anodic and cathodic peaks and the sweep rate of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode (the currents of the anode and cathode are abbreviated as I_Pa1, I_Pa2, I_Pc1, and I_Pc2, respectively).The above results demonstrated that the irradiation of visible light influenced the electrochemical processes and dynamics of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode remarkably, but this influence mechanism has rarely been reported because of the complexity of the photo processes. As a typical n-type semiconductor, Bi₂MoO₆ can generate excitons, and electron–hole pairs after absorbing incident photons. Then the holes and electrons, separating in the electric field, play important roles as oxidants and reducing agents in the following process, respectively. The same photo process of the Bi₂MoO₆ also occurs in the photocatalysis reactions, and the catalytic mechanism of photo-generated carriers has been studied in depth by adding appropriate sacrificial agents.^28,44Inspired by the sacrificial agents in photocatalysis, we added triethanolamine (TEA) to the electrolyte as the hole sacrificial agent to explore the influence mechanism of the photo-generated holes and electrons on the electrochemical behavior of Bi₂MoO₆ electrode. Under the irradiation of visible light, the photo-generated holes on the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode were exhausted by the TEA, avoiding the recombination of photo-generated electrons at the same time. The valence band (VB) edge of Bi₂MoO₆ located at −0.32 + 2.6 V (vs. NHE, pH 7), which is much lower than the oxidation potential of Bi⁰, therefore, the photo-generated holes on the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode can oxidize Bi⁰. However, there is no obvious change for the anodic peak P_a1 when compared with the CV curves without the TEA (Fig. 3), and only the P_a2 declined dramatically. This result clearly confirmed that the photo-generated holes, preferring to accumulate in the bulk electrode, selectively enhanced the oxidation from Bi⁰ in the electrode bulk to Bi³⁺, but the Bi-metal in the interface cannot be oxidized. Summarizing the above oxidation process, we can find that it is the holes induced by photo on the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode, catalyze the oxidation of Bi₂MoO₆, which means that the above oxidation process is a typical photo-induced self-catalytic oxidation reaction of Bi₂MoO₆ (Fig. 4).⁴⁵ The conduction band (CB) edge of the Bi₂MoO₆ is located at −0.32 V (vs. NHE, pH 7), which is much higher than the reduction potential of Bi³⁺, thus, the photo-generated electrons on the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode are unable to reduce the Bi³⁺. Meanwhile, the cathodic peak of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode had a further positive shift, signifying that the overpotential of the reduction reaction decreased continuously, and this phenomenon became much more obvious as the scan rate increased. When the scan rate increased to 100 mV s⁻¹, the decrement in the reduction overpotential reached 184 mV (Fig. 3h), verifying the photo-induced self-catalytic reduction reaction of Bi₂MoO₆ (Fig. 4). In other words, the photo-generated electrons on the electrode can transfer rapidly to an external circuit and accelerate the reduction of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode.Open in a separate windowFig. 3(a–g) The CV curves of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode at different scan rates and (h) the decrement in the reduction overpotential of the reduction reaction under the irradiation of visible light before and after the addition of the TEA, and the visible light intensity is 8 mW cm⁻²; (i) the relationship between the peak current of the cathodic peak and the sweep rate of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode.Open in a separate windowFig. 4The proposed photo-induced self-catalytic redox mechanism of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode under the irradiation of visible light.The stability of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode under the irradiation of visible light was further investigated by cycling at a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹, and the results were shown in Fig. 5 and S4.^† For the entire 200 cycles, the peak current retention rate of P_a2 maintained higher than 92.5%, suggesting that photo-generated holes on the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode had a good stability. For the reduction process, the potential of P_c2 continued to shift slightly to positive direction, but the P_c2 had an obvious decay (Fig. S4^†), the possible reason was the reduction of water.Open in a separate windowFig. 5The peak current retention rate of P_a2 and the potential of P_c2 in the CV curves of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode cycling at a scan rate of 50 mV s⁻¹ under the irradiation of visible light.In summary, we aimed to develop novel multifunctional materials to achieve solar energy harvesting and charge storage synchronously. Nano-Bi₂MoO₆ was synthesized as a material for both solar energy harvesting and charge storage due to its suitable band gap for the absorption in visible light and its well-defined faradaic redox from Bi metal to Bi³⁺. The irradiation of visible light had a considerable influence on the electrochemical processes and the dynamics of the Bi₂MoO₆ electrode. In accordance with the rule of energy matching, the photo-generated holes could oxidize the Bi metal to Bi³⁺, and the photo-generated electrons could decrease the overpotential of the reduction process. Furthermore, the irradiation of visible light also accelerated the ionic diffusion of the electrolyte. This work provides a unique perspective for the development of new multifunctional materials to simultaneously achieve solar energy harvesting and electrical energy storage, and thereby open pathways towards the efficient integrated energy systems with simplified processes.     

复方苦参注射液联合FOLFOX方案治疗结直肠癌的临床研究

目的探讨复方苦参注射液联合FOLFOX方案治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取2010年3月—2014年2月新乡市中心医院治疗的结直肠癌患者82例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各41例。对照组给予FOLFOX方案:第1天静脉滴注注射用奥沙利铂,100 mg/m2加入到5%葡萄糖溶液250 m L中,滴注2 h;第1天静脉滴注亚叶酸钙注射液,400mg/m2加入到生理盐水250 m L中,滴注2 h;第1天静脉推注氟尿嘧啶注射液400 mg/m2,然后2 400 mg/m~2静脉持续滴注46 h。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注复方苦参注射液,20 m L加入生理盐水中250 m L中,1次/d,连续治疗7 d。两组均以2周为一个疗程,治疗4个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组外周血淋巴细胞亚群、不良反应和生存率情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的缓解率分别为39.02%、51.22%,疾病控制率分别为73.17%、87.80%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,对照组外周血CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(16+)/CD~(56+)和CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)均显著下降,CD~(8+)显著升高;治疗组外周血CD~(3+)、CD~(4+)、CD~(16+)/CD~(56+)和CD~(4+)/CD~(8+)均显著升高,CD~(8+)显著下降,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组和治疗组的骨髓抑制率分别为56.10%、39.02%,胃肠道反应发生率为58.54%、34.15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1、2、3年,对照组生存率分别为85.37%、68.29%、56.10%,治疗组生存率分别为92.68%、80.49%、70.73%,两组生存率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复方苦参注射液联合FOLFOX方案治疗结直肠癌具有较好的临床疗效,可提高患者免疫功能,减少不良反应,延长生存期,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Enmein的平衡溶解度、油水分配系数及环糊精包合作用的研究

目的 测定Enmein的平衡溶解度、油水分配系数,考察环糊精对其包合作用,为制剂研究奠定基础。方法 采用HPLC测定Enmein在不同溶剂中的平衡溶解度;采用摇瓶法测定Enmein在不同条件下的油水分配系数;以羟丙基-β-环糊精（HP-β-CD）、羟丙基-γ-环糊精（HP-γ-CD）2种材料制备Enmein包合物,经溶解度试验,比较溶解性能的变化。结果 （25±0.5）℃振摇24 h,Enmein在纯水中溶解度为（239.32±4.99）μg·mL^-1,在多种常见的有机溶剂中微溶,在常用的药用油溶剂中不溶;正辛醇-水体系中,测得Enmein油水分配系数P为4.64,不同生理pH环境及环糊精材料,对其lgP影响不大;经过2种材料包合后,Enmein的溶解度有所提高,其中以HP-γ-CD的增溶效果最好。结论 Enmein在水、常见的药用油溶剂中溶解性均不好;消化道生理pH变化及包合材料对Enmein的吸收影响不大;用Enmein的HP-γ-CD包合物为原料制备制剂,有利于提高其生物利用度。     

2016年新乡市食品中化学污染物监测结果分析

目的 对新乡市市售食品中有害化学物质污染进行监测,以评估食品安全现状,为采取相应控制措施提供科学依据。 方法 2016年,依据《2016年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》抽取市内有代表性的4个区和7个县,随机采集488份样品,对10类食品150项次指标进行检测,按GB 2762-2012《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》、GB 2760-2014《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》及相关规定对检测结果进行评价。 结果 共检测样品 488份,合格 460 份,总合格率 94.26%,蔬菜及其制品合格率为90.00%,水果合格率为95.00%,肉及肉制品中亚硝酸盐和铬合格率分别为89.41%和68.75%,代用茶合格率为25.00%,儿童食品合格率为91.67%,酒类合格率为90.00%。代用茶中的镉检出率最高,为75.00%,其次皮冻中铬检出率为56.25%。 结论 新乡市食品安全总体情况尚可,但仍有重金属、农药残留量、亚硝酸盐等污染物超标现象。