空气中壬基酚检测方法研究进展

壬基酚(NP)是环境内分泌干扰物之一。国外研究显示,室内NP含量为10～100 ng/m^3,污染较严重。NP能通过呼吸道进入人体,因此有必要开展空气中NP含量调查。该文总结了国内外空气样品中NP含量的相关研究,从NP在空气中的迁移转化、空气样品中NP的预处理及检测等方面进行综述,为我国各城市空气中NP污染的全面调查提供方法和参考技术。     

Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Men: Relationship to Exercise Fitness and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Look AHEAD Trial

IntroductionDeterminants of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men have not been adequately investigated as potential mediators of change.AimTo determine the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED) in overweight men with type 2 diabetes in the multicenter, Look AHEAD trial (Action for Health in Diabetes).Main Outcome MeasuresInternational Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), self-reported use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, laboratory measures of adiposity, cardiometabolic parameters, and exercise fitness.MethodsMale participants aged 45–75 in the Look AHEAD trial in a committed relationship were recruited for an ongoing study of sexual function and diabetes. Eligible participants completed the IIEF questionnaire and provided updated information on use of medical treatments for sexual dysfunction. Baseline sexual function results for participants in the male ancillary study are reported here; intervention data and results for female participants are presented elsewhere.ResultsA total of 373 eligible male participants completed all sexual function questionnaires, of whom 263 (68.7%) were sexually active at the time of the study. Almost half (49.8%) of the men reported mild or moderate degrees of ED, and 24.8% had complete ED. Among sexually active participants, 42.6% had sought medical help for their problem, and 39.7% reported use of ED medications. ED was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05; confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.10) baseline HbA_1c (OR = 1.31; CI: 1.05–1.63), hypertension history (OR = 2.41; CI: 1.34–4.36), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.05, CI: 1.31–7.11). Of note, cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be protective of ED in a multivariable analysis (OR = 0.61; P < 0.001).ConclusionsED is prevalent in this sample of obese, type 2 diabetic men in the Look AHEAD study. Cardiovascular risk factors were highly associated with ED in this population, and cardiorespiratory fitness was protective in this analysis. Rosen RC, Wing RR, Schneider S, Wadden T, Foster GD, West DS, Kitabchi AE, Brancati FL, Maschak-Carey BJ, Bahnson JL, Lewis CE, and Gendrano IN. Erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic men: Relationship to exercise fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in the look ahead trial. J Sex Med 2009;6:1414–1422.     

Childhood central nervous system tumour mortality and survival in Southern and Eastern Europe (1983–2014): Gaps persist across 14 cancer registries

AimChildhood central nervous system (CNS) tumour registration and control programs in Southern and Eastern Europe remain thin, despite the lethal nature of the disease. Mortality/survival data were assembled to estimate the burden of malignant CNS tumours, as well as the potential role of sociodemographic survival determinants across 14 cancer registries of this region.MethodsAverage age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated, whereas time trends were quantified through Poisson and Joinpoint regressions. Kaplan–Meier curves were derived for the maximum and the more recent (10 and 5 year) registration periods. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess demographic and disease-related determinants.ResultsVariations in mortality (8–16 per million) and survival (5-year: 35–69%) were substantial among the participating registries; in most registries mortality trend was stable, whereas Bulgaria, having the highest starting rate, experienced decreasing annual mortality (−2.4%, p = 0.001). A steep decrease in survival rates was evident before the second year of follow-up. After controlling for diagnostic subgroup, age, gender and diagnostic year, Greece seemed to present higher survival compared with the other contributing registries, although the follow-up period was short. Irrespective of country, however, rural residence was found to impose substantial adverse repercussions on survival (hazard ratio (HR): 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.4).ConclusionCross-country mortality and survival variations possibly reflect suboptimal levels of health care delivery and cancer control in some regions of Southern and Eastern Europe, notwithstanding questionable death certification patterns or follow-up procedures. Continuous childhood cancer registration and linkage with clinical data are prerequisite for the reduction of survival inequalities across Europe.     

Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders,Results of Rome Foundation Global Study

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Effects of cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter on blood vessel formation through the VEGF/VEGFR2/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/mTOR pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

In China, cooking oil fume derived fine particulate matter (COF-derived PM_2.5) is a principal source of indoor air pollution. Here, we investigated cytotoxicity of COF-derived PM_2.5, as well as the roles of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR cascade in the inhibitory effects of COF-derived PM_2.5, on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After exposure to COF-derived PM_2.5, cell viability and tube formation, as well as protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR in HUVECs were measured. Cell viability and number of tubes reduced dose-dependently after COF-derived PM2.5 and SU5416 treatment. In addition, SU5416 and VEGF significantly affected tube formation. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR all tended to reduce with the increase of COF-derived PM2.5 concentrations. These findings demonstrate that VEGF, VEGFR2, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and mTOR play key roles in COF-derived PM_2.5 induced inhibition of angiogenesis in HUVECs.     

铁基催化剂对胜利褐煤液化的影响

目的：评价以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）相对于传统教学对国内护理专业学生理论考试成绩的影响。方法计算机检索CNKI（1979年至2013年3月）、VIP （1989年至2013年3月）、万方数据库（1982年至2013年3月）,收集有关PBL和传统教学的对照研究。在严格质量评价的基础上,使用Stata 10.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共检索到659篇相关文献,经筛选最终纳入22篇文献进行Meta分析。分析结果,合并效应量[SMD 合并=0.79,95％CI （0.55,1.03）,P=0.000],提示PBL与传统教学相比,能够提高护理专业学生理论成绩。结论 PBL教学对国内护理专业学生理论成绩的提高有促进作用。由于纳入分析的研究质量差异较大,有必要开展更多设计严谨、大样本的随机对照试验来验证。     

膳食类黄酮对骨健康影响的观察性研究现状

随着社会人口老龄化,骨质疏松已成为全人类的重要健康问题,膳食营养因素是预防骨质疏松症的一个重要可控因素。类黄酮是广泛分布在蔬菜、水果等植物性食物中的一类多酚类化学物,根据化学结构可将类黄酮分为六类:黄烷-3-醇、黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、异黄酮和花青素。类黄酮具有多种生理效应,如抗氧化及抗炎等,很多流行病学研究表明膳食类黄酮对骨健康具有保护作用,但缺乏完整的综述。因此,本文检索Pubmed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,OVID,Web of Science等数据库后,纳入所有关于类黄酮与骨健康的横断面研究和队列研究,排除随机对照试验、干预实验、动物实验、细胞实验、会议总结、综述、书籍、信息不全及无关的文献等,最后纳入10篇。但相同的研究设计较少,且暴露因素差异较大,不同的类黄酮摄入量差异很大,无法将数据合并进行Meta分析,仅对膳食类黄酮与骨质疏松及骨质疏松性骨折关系的观察性研究进行文献综述,为骨质疏松的营养预防提供依据。