Reliability and Validity of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 for Nursing Home Residents in China

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese-translated Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) for nursing home residents.MethodsA convenience sample of 204 nursing home residents were used for measuring the instrument performances. Demographics form and BREQ-2 developed by Markland were applied.ResultsThe translated BREQ-2 model was a good fit for the results of confirmatory factor analysis, χ² was 276.75, comparative fit index was .94, standardized root mean square residual was .05, and root mean square error of approximation was .07. Results in the BREQ-2 indicated good consistency, Cronbach's α coefficient of BREQ-2 was .78, and each of the five subscales were ranged from .78 to .83. The test–retest was valued .84, and the five subscales ranged from .75 to .89, which supporting the stability of instrument.ConclusionThis study provided psychometric evidence for the application of BREQ-2 among nursing home residents in China.     

Development of Population Tariffs for the ICECAP-A Instrument for Hungary and their Comparison With the UK Tariffs

ObjectivesThe ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) was developed to assess the capability well-being of adults for use in economic evaluations. Currently, ICECAP-A tariffs are available only for the UK population. The objectives of this study were to develop a Hungarian tariff set for the ICECAP-A instrument and to explore intercountry differences between the Hungarian and the UK value sets.MethodsA survey was conducted by computer-assisted personal interviews on a sample representative of the Hungarian adult population (N = 1000) to elicit their preferences regarding ICECAP-A attributes with the use of a best-worst scaling choice task. A latent class multinomial logit model with continuous variance scale was used to estimate the weights for each of the 4 capability levels of all 5 ICECAP-A attributes, namely, attachment, stability, achievement, enjoyment, and autonomy.ResultsThe model identified 2 preference classes with approximately equal share. The first class had a stronger relative preference for autonomy and achievement, whereas the second class had a strong preference for attachment. Multivariate analysis of the classes revealed that women, pensioners, people who are married or living in a partnership, and people with poorer health status are characteristics associated with the latter class membership (preference for attachment). Population tariffs were estimated from the model. Overall, attachment was found to be the most important attribute, followed by stability, enjoyment, achievement, and autonomy.ConclusionsHungarian tariffs are largely consistent with those found for the United Kingdom; nevertheless, autonomy seems to be less important in Hungary compared with the United Kingdom.     

Protective effect of Bu-zhong-yi-qi decoction,the water extract of Chinese traditional herbal medicine,on 5-fluorouracil-induced renal injury in mice

Background: Drug-induced renal injury is a serious toxic side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Bu-zhong-yi-qi decoction (BZYQD), a water extract of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, is widely used in Asia as an alternative treatment to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and also improve cancer survival. However, the mechanism is unknown. This study is designed to investigate the protective effect of BZYQD on 5-FU-induced renal injury in mice.

Methods: Mice were divided into four groups: the control, 5-FU, 5-FU?+?low, and high BZYQD group. Mice in the three latter groups were administered 5-FU (100?mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for six days, and in the 5-FU?+?low and high BZYQD groups were given BZYQD (1 or 2?g raw herb/kg/day, intragastrically) beginning four days before 5-FU and continuing until the termination of the experiment. The right kidney fixed in formalin for histological examination and the left was homogenized to measure the levels of apoptosis-related proteins and activities of oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Blood samples were collected for measuring renal function-related biochemical indices.

Results: Renal morphology injury, increased urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration, and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were all observed in 5-FU-administrated mice. However, BZYQD almost reversed the morphological injury as well as renal function-related indices and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Conclusion: These results suggest that BZYQD inhibits 5-FU-induced renal injury, possibly through the reduction of apoptosis and necrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells via the antioxidant mechanism. Henceforth, BZYQD may be a potential antioxidant against drug-induced oxidative stress.     

Nano in nano: Biosynthesized gold and iron nanoclusters cargo neoplastic exosomes for cancer status biomarking

Timely detection is crucial for successful treatment of cancer. The current study describes a new approach that involves utilization of the tumor cell environment for bioimaging with in-situ biosynthesized nanoscale gold and iron probes and subsequent dissemination of Au-Fe nanoclusters from cargo exosomes within the circulatory system. We have isolated the Au-Fe cargo exosomes from the blood of the treated murine models after in situ biosyntheses from their respective pre-ionic solutions (HAuCl₄, FeCl₂), whereas Na₂SeO₃ supplementation added into Au lethal effect. The microarray data of various differentially expressed genes revealed the up-regulated tumor ablation and metal binding genes in SGC-7901 cell lines after treatment with Au-Fe-Se triplet ionic solution. The isolation of Au-Fe nanoclusters cargo exosomes (nano in nano) after secretion from deeply seated tumors may help in early diagnosis and reveal the tumor ablation status during and after the relevant treatment like radio-chemo therapies et al.     

Performance of children on the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test: Effect of word similarity,word length,and scoring

This study aims to report the preliminary results of the development of the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test and to contribute to the clinical accuracy of the test by comparing the performance of children with specific language impairment with that of language-level matched and age-matched typically developing children on a nonword repetition (NWR) test developed for Turkish. To determine the effect of word similarity and word length, the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test is composed of language-like and language-unlike items. To determine the effect of scoring, the performances of children were scored as correct/incorrect for a whole word, for only the consonants, and for only the vowels. The findings suggest that the test is a reliable tool to differentiate Turkish-speaking children with SLI from typically developing children.     

地方院校新生英语学习焦虑状况实证研究

目的探讨地方院校新生大学公共英语学习焦虑状况。方法采用外语课堂焦虑量表对150名大学新生进行调查。结果①新生英语学习中存在中等焦虑心理(3.140±0.576);②不同专业新生的焦虑总分(F=3.430,P0.05)和负评价焦虑(F=7.604,P0.01)具有显著差别;③英语A级学生在焦虑总分和4个维度的焦虑上得分均明显低于英语B级学生。(焦虑总分t=-5.470,P0.01;交流焦虑t=-4.892,P0.01;负评价焦虑t=-2.576,P0.05;环境焦虑t=-6.172,P0.01;考试焦虑t=-3.888,P0.01);④不同性别新生在环境焦虑存在显著差异(t=2.143,P0.05),男生得分高于女生。结论地方院校新生普遍存在英语学习焦虑心理,应有针对性为新生展开应对英语学习焦虑的策略指导。     

《黄帝内经》修辞英译之“情理交融”

《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)是我国现存较早的一部重要医学文献,其语言深奥典雅,风格隽秀,是中医古籍中运用修辞的典范。其修辞现象既是文字运用的一大特色,又是翻译的难点所在。故基于比喻、摹声、讳饰、谐韵等辞格角度,探讨如何依据题旨情境,在英译中实现本体与喻体、声象与物象、词形与韵律的有机结合,从而一方面清楚表达语义和逻辑关系,创建合理的结构形态和组织形式,另一方面又能充分展示中医内涵与文化意蕴,在译语中构建出鲜明的民族文化和情感意境,实现“形与意”“情与理”的符号转换,具有良好的学理价值与实践意义。     

医学院学生英语学习“高原现象”成因及对策分析

本文通过对我校二年级学生进行问卷调查、访谈的基础上，通过对学习曲线及其走向的研究，分析了在大学英语学习中产生“高原现象”的原因，提出了思考和应对措施，并特别强调了学习策略对克服“高原现象”的重要性。     

外语学习焦虑对英语口译教学的影响及对策研究

在英语口译教学中，有诸多情感因素影响学生，外语学习焦虑是其中最重要的因素，会对学生学习产生很大的负面影响。本文通过分析焦虑心理的定义、分类、及其对英语口译教学的影响及焦虑产生的原因，提出了克服和减轻学生焦虑心理的可行性策略。     

乔姆斯基理论的英语CAI实践——英语典型句法规则电脑教程的研制

作者运用西方语言学家乔姆斯基的生成——转换理论,利用电脑研制成一套英语句法规则教学程序。该程序按数理逻辑原理对句子进行线性切割,再遵照句法条件,完成底层向表层的生成转换过程,其具有形式化、公式化、标准化的优点,经“人机对话”,使复杂的规则学习简便、灵活、易掌握。该研究还涉及心理语言学、应用语言学相电子计算机语言学的发展。