Next Generation Sequencing-based Validation of the Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: An Analysis of the MMRF CoMMpass Study

IntroductionThe clinical application of the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) for multiple myeloma may be limited by heterogeneity in clinical interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) practices for detecting chromosomal abnormalities (CAs). Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based FISH (Seq-FISH) has demonstrated improved sensitivity and similar specificity relative to clinical FISH, and provides a standardized, single-pass method for identifying high-risk CAs. To date, calculating R-ISS stage using Seq-FISH (R-ISS-NGS) has not been validated.Patients and MethodsWe identified 672 patients with sufficient data to calculate R-ISS-NGS from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass Study. R-ISS-NGS was calculated from original ISS stage, lactate dehydrogenase, and CAs detected by Seq-FISH. Endpoints included overall survival and progression-free survival. We conducted multivariate analyses controlling for age and gender in order to compare outcomes across stages I to III of both the original ISS and R-ISS-NGS.ResultsThe median follow-up was 24 months. The R-ISS-NGS resulted in significant redistribution of patients into stage II, relative to the original ISS. With respect to stage I, R-ISS-NGS stages II and III of were associated with worse progression-free survival or overall survival, more so than the staging schema of the ISS, thus validating the use of Seq-FISH in staging.ConclusionUsing CAs detected by Seq-FISH and data from the CoMMpass study, we validated the R-ISS with a large, generalizable cohort. This study validates the substitution of Seq-FISH for clinical FISH, especially in large registry studies. Additionally, use of the validated R-ISS-NGS will strengthen outcomes research generated from the CoMMpass study.     

茶多酚调节STAT3/miR-126/端粒信号通路活性延缓高糖诱导的人肾小球系膜细胞衰老

探讨茶多酚(tea polyphenols,TP)在体外高糖环境下延缓人肾小球系膜细胞(human glomerular mesangial cells,HGMCs)衰老的作用及可能的机制。在体外培养HGMCs,分为正常组(normal group,N,5.5 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖)、甘露醇组(mannitol group,MNT,5.5 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+24.5 mmol·L^-1甘露醇)、高糖组(high dose of D-glucose group,HG,30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖)、低剂量TP组(low dose of TP group,L-TP,30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+5 mg·L^-1 TP)及高剂量TP组(high dose of TP group,H-TP,30 mmol·L^-1葡萄糖+20 mg·L^-1 TP),分别在37℃,5%CO2条件下培养,干预72 h后,首先观察TP对HGMCs形态的影响;其次,检测细胞周期、衰老相关半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associated-β-galactosidase,SA-β-gal)染色阳性率、端粒长度;最后,检测p53-p21-Rb信号通路中关键信号分子p53,p21,Rb的蛋白表达水平及p-STAT3,miR-126的表达水平。结果表明,高糖能诱导HGMCs衰老,不仅表现为细胞周期阻滞于G1期、SA-β-gal染色阳性率升高、端粒长度缩短,还表现为p53,p21,Rb蛋白表达水平升高和p53-p21-Rb信号通路激活。L-TP能延缓HGMCs衰老,不仅表现为HGMCs细胞周期G1期阻滞的改善、SA-β-gal染色阳性率的下降、端粒长度的延长,还表现为p53,p21,Rb蛋白表达水平的下降,端粒-p53-p21-Rb信号通路活性的抑制。此外,高糖诱导HGMCs p-STAT3表达水平上调、miR-126表达水平下调,而L-TP可使这些变化得到改善。总之,高糖能激活端粒-p53-p21-Rb信号通路而诱导HGMCs衰老;L-TP能调节STAT3/miR-126表达水平,抑制端粒-p53-p21-Rb信号通路活性而延缓高糖诱导的HGMCs衰老。这些发现为临床上防治糖尿病肾病相关的肾脏细胞衰老提供了有效的干预措施。     

A Multicentre Clinical Study of Sarcoma Personalised Treatment Using Patient-Derived Tumour Xenografts

AimsMedication for advanced sarcomas has not improved for three decades. Patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTX) are a promising solution for developing new therapies and real-time personalised medicine because of their highly effective prediction of drug efficacy. However, there is a dearth of PDTX models for sarcomas due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the disease.Materials and methodsA multicentre clinical collaborative study (ChiCTR–OOC–17013617) was carried out. Fresh patient tumour tissues via resection or biopsy were used for the PDTX set-up. The standard medical care chosen by the physician was given to the patient, in parallel with testing on multiple regimens. The outcomes of patients' responses and PDTX tests were compared. Comprehensive analyses were carried out to assess the clinical value of PDTX for the treatment of sarcomas. Living tissues from successfully engrafted cases were deposited into a repository.ResultsForty-two cases, including 36 bone sarcomas and six soft-tissue sarcomas, were enrolled; the overall engraftment rate was 73.8%. Histopathological examination showed a 100% consistency between primary tumours and tumour grafts. The engraftment rate was independent of age, gender and sampling methods, but was associated with subtypes of tumour. The outgrowth time of tumour grafts could be associated with prognosis. Major somatic mutations in tumour grafts occurred primarily in common tumour driver genes. Poor prognosis was associated with the KMT2C mutation. A drug efficacy test showed complete concordance between the PDTX model and patients' responses in 17 regimens.ConclusionPDTX is an ideal preclinical model for sarcomas because of its faithful preservation of the heterogeneity of the disease, a satisfactory engraftment rate and high accuracy in its prediction of drug efficacy.