卫生专业技术人员职称评审工作实践及体会

职称评审工作与专业技术人员的切身利益密切相关,也是人事部门的重要工作。对卫生专业技术人员的职称评审,遴选出优秀的专业技术干部,能够有效促进医学院校医、教、研全面发展,进而提高医学院校的整体实力及水平。笔者就职称评审的范围、程序、标准、监督等方面作简单概述,并总结工作经验和体会。     

RANKL/OPG在高原低氧条件下兔牙周炎发病机制中的作用

目的 研究模拟高原低氧条件下兔牙周炎的病理改变以及与破骨细胞相关的核因子κB受体活化子配体( receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)、骨保护素(osteoprotegenn,OPG)的相关性.方法 40只家兔完全随机分成4组:平原实验组、平原对照组、高原实验组、高原对照组,每组各10只.通过钢丝结扎切牙方法建立家兔牙周炎模型,动物于分组饲养8周后处死,制作牙周组织石蜡切片,HE染色观察牙周组织病理变化、破骨细胞的表达,荧光免疫组化检测牙周组织中RANKL、OPG的表达.免疫荧光组化采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对实验组与对照组RANKL、OPG进行半定量分析,并比较其差异.结果 高原实验组与平原实验组、高原对照组和平原对照组RANKL灰度值分别为(1.799±0.036)、(1.519±0.061)、(1.242 ±0.078)、(0.963±0.098),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与高原对照组比较,高原实验组OPG表达降低无统计学意义.高原实验组RANKL与牙周指数呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 高原低氧条件下可能通过改变破骨细胞的RANKL/OPG调节途径促进牙周炎的发生、发展.     

RhoB induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines in TLR-triggered macrophages

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the primary sensors detecting conserved molecular patterns on microorganisms, thus acting as important components of innate immunity against invading pathogens. Many positive and negative regulators of TLR-triggered signaling have been identified. The Rho GTPase RhoB plays a key role in cell migration, division and polarity; however, the function and regulatory mechanisms of RhoB in TLR ligand-triggered innate immune responses remain to be investigated. Here, we report that the expression of RhoB is induced by TLR agonists (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG, poly(I:C)) in macrophages. Knockdown of RhoB expression markedly decreased TLR ligand-induced activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in macrophages stimulated with TLR ligands. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RhoB interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) α chain, but not β chain, in endosomes of macrophages. Knockdown of MHCII expression greatly reduced the interaction of RhoB with Btk, and attenuated the induction of NF-κB and interferon β activity by RhoB upon LPS stimulation. These findings suggest that RhoB is a positive physiological regulator of TLRs signaling via binding to MHCII in macrophages, and therefore RhoB may be a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.     

重组人生长激素在成人生长激素缺乏症的应用

近20年来,重组生长激素已可以无限量的制备。近年来的研究已阐明成人生长激素缺乏的影响及生长激素替代治疗的益处。成人生长激素缺乏症对人影响最大的是生活质量、骨骼健康及包括血清脂质谱、身体构成变化的心血管危险因子的改变,而这也正是生长激素替代治疗获益最显著之处。大量的证据显示了重组人生长激素治疗的疗效,尤其在改善骨代谢和改善心血管危险因素等多方面发挥作用,并且是安全的。     

D_1类多巴胺受体对肾上腺素α受体介导的促动脉平滑肌细胞增殖作用的影响

目的观察D1类多巴胺受体对肾上腺素α受体介导的血管平滑肌(VSM)细胞增殖的影响。方法以去甲肾上腺素(NE)10-6~10-9mol/L刺激Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠主动脉分离的VSM细胞,观察在D1类多巴胺受体激动剂(Fenoldopam)10-5~10-8mol/L存在的情况下,NE促细胞增殖作用的变化,细胞增殖用3H-TdR掺入量表示。结果NE呈浓度依赖性的促进SD大鼠VSM细胞的增殖,该作用由肾上腺素α受体介导,酚妥拉明存在的情况下可消除NE的促增殖作用。Fenoldopam本身对VSM细胞增殖无影响,但Fenoldopam可通过D1类多巴胺受体减弱NE(10-6mol/L)介导的VSM细胞增殖;该实验结果得到了人VSM细胞实验结果的印证。结论D1类多巴胺受体对NE介导的促VSM细胞增殖具有抑制作用,该作用可能在高血压的发生、发展中发挥一定的作用。     

原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的　探讨原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻的影像诊断与介入治疗价值。方法　对 2 6例原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻者进行回顾性分析 ,所有患者均行超声和CT检查 ,18例行MRI检查 ,11例行PTC检查 ,10例行ERCP检查 ,12例行胆道内支架置入术 ,2 2例经肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗。结果　 2 6例患者经超声、CT、MRI、PTC和ERCP等影像学检查后获得正确诊断。 12例患者分别置入了 4枚塑料内支架和 8枚金属支架 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,均有明显的减黄效果 ,患者术后 1周的血清胆红素水平由术前的 ( 2 96± 67) μmol/L降至 ( 10 4± 5 2 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 )。 2 2例患者成功地进行了TACE治疗。结论　超声、CT、MRI和胆管造影检查对原发性肝癌合并胆管梗阻有较高的诊断价值 ,其相互补充有助于本病的正确诊断。胆道内支架置入术与TACE等介入治疗是其有效的治疗方法。     

Silicone rubber membrane with specific pore size enhances wound regeneration

A porous structure is critically important for wound dressing or tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the influence of the pore sizes on cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, silicone rubber membranes with different pore sizes were prepared using certain constituents of liquid silicone rubber precursor/liquid paraffin/hexane based on our previous studies. It was found that pore size had a significant impact on cell proliferation and wound healing. The CCK8 analysis revealed that the membrane with a certain pore size (110.47 μm, middle pore membrane, MPM) was suitable for cell proliferation compared with the membranes with other pore sizes (218.03 μm, large pore membrane, LPM; 5.27 μm, small pore membrane, SPM; non‐porous membrane, NPM). Further studies demonstrated that the MPM promoted cell proliferation via activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. More importantly, wound healing experiments showed that 7 days post‐wounding, the rate of wound healing was 89.25% with the MPM, which was significantly higher than with LPM, SPM or NPM. The in vivo data indicated that wound healing was accelerated by treatment with a silicone rubber membrane with a pore size of 110.47 μm. Our results strongly suggest that different pore structures might affect cell proliferation and wound healing and that a silicone rubber membrane with a specific pore size could potentially be used as a promising wound dressing. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

60例胆源性胰腺炎 MRCP 检查的临床应用研究

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）诊断胆源性胰腺炎（BP）的临床价值。方法回顾性分析60例经临床证实的 BP 的 MRCP 表现。结果60例中,胰腺炎与胆囊结石或胆囊炎征像共存41例,胰腺炎和胆总管结石共存19例。胆管扩张23例,胰管扩张 9例,胆管扩张合并胰管扩5例。结论MRCP 可以明确显示 BP 的有关征象,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

鲁登巴赫综合征的外科治疗

目的 :回顾分析 10例鲁登巴赫综合征 ,探讨该疾病在病理生理、诊断和治疗方面的特点。方法 :总结经外科治疗的鲁登巴赫综合征共 10例患者的临床资料。结果 :全组病例无围手术期死亡 ,无顽固性心力衰竭、肺动脉高压危象及恶性心律失常发生。结论 :鲁登巴赫综合征应及早手术治疗 ,修补房间隔缺损同时有效的解除二尖瓣狭窄 ,探查并处理合并的三尖瓣关闭不全 ,术后积极治疗肺动脉高压 ,支持心功能 ,可以取得满意的手术效果     

TLR4基因表达及TNF-α在老年大鼠多器官功能障碍综合征中作用的研究

目的探讨Toll样受体4基因（TLR4）与TNF-α在老年大鼠多器官功能障碍综合征（MODSE）发病机制中的作用.方法20月龄和3月龄SD大鼠各40只,分别设为老年组及青年组,予油酸（OA）0.25ml/kg和脂多糖（LPS）3.5mg/kg分次静脉注射（间隔4h）,建立二次打击MODSE和青年多器官功能障碍综合征（MODSY）模型.观察对照组及伤后2、6、24h肺、心、肝、肾的病理改变及功能变化,检测肺、心、肝和肾组织中TLR4 mRNA表达及TNF-α含量.结果OA/LPS二次致伤能够导致青年及老年鼠MODS,其中肺脏损害出现最早最重,在同一时相点,老年鼠脏器损害重于青年鼠（P＜0.05～0.01）.致伤后肺、心、肝和肾组织中TLR4 mRNA表达均显著升高（P＜0.05～0.01）,以肺组织中表达最高,2h达峰值,心、肝、肾组织中于6h达峰值;各组织中TNF-α含量均显著升高（P＜0.05～0.01）,以肺组织中升幅最大.在相同时相点老年鼠各组织中TLR4 mRNA表达及TNF-α含量高于青年鼠（P＜0.05～0.01）.结论OA/LPS致伤后老年鼠肺组织中TLR4 mRNA表达及TNF-α水平迅速升高,在MODS发病机制中起重要作用,有可能是MODSE过程中肺损伤出现最早最重的重要原因.