胃癌患者术后早期肠内营养的疗效评估

目的评估胃癌患者术后早期肠内营养(EN)的临床疗效及其安全性。方法前瞻性研究2011年2月至2011年12月期间四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心确诊为胃癌并进行手术治疗且符合纳入标准的180例患者,将患者随机分为EN组(n=91)和肠外营养(PN)组(n=89),观察2组患者术后的营养状态、康复情况、住院时间、住院营养费用及并发症发生情况。结果①从术后血清营养学指标上看,2组间前白蛋白、血红蛋白及白球比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后EN组的白蛋白明显高于PN组(P=0.047)。②从术后康复指标看,除首次排气时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.083)外,EN组首次下床活动时间(P=0.011)、首次经口进食时间(P=0.000)、首次拔除胃管时间(P=0.013)、首次拔除血浆引流管时间(P=0.021)及首次拔除尿管时间(P=0.002)均明显短于PN组,差异均有统计学意义。③2组患者术后的住院时间(P=0.079)及总并发症发生率(P=0.635)比较,差异均无统计学意义;住院营养费用EN组明显少于PN组(P=0.017)。结论胃癌术后早期EN有效、经济、实用,优于PN。     

绝经前乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗相关闭经的影响因素及临床意义探讨

目的分析绝经前乳腺癌患者接受新辅助化疗后闭经的相关影响因素,了解新辅助化疗相关的闭经（NCRA）与新辅助化疗后肿瘤降期的关系。方法回顾性随访观察我院2006年3月至2011年3月期间224例绝经前乳腺癌患者接受新辅助化疗后月经状态的改变及新辅助化疗后彩超下乳房肿瘤的变化情况,分析新辅助化疗时患者年龄、化疗方案、肿瘤病理组织学特征（ER/PR和Her-2）、术后服用他莫昔芬（tamoxifen,TAM）与NCRA及其随后月经恢复的关系,以及新辅助化疗后肿瘤的变化与NCRA的关系。结果 224例患者中有166例（74.11%）患者出现NCRA,其中有15例停经但雌激素水平增高而行卵巢切除或接受戈舍瑞林治疗,余151例NCRA患者中有40例（26.49%）出现月经恢复。单因素及多因素分析结果显示,NCRA的发生及随后的月经恢复均与患者的年龄有关（P〈0.001,P=0.001）;不同化疗方案对NCRA的发生无明显影响（P〉0.05）,但是对NCRA后月经恢复有重要影响（P〈0.001）;肿瘤的ER/PR和Her-2表达和是否服用TAM对NCRA发生及其随后的月经恢复均无明显影响（P〉0.05）。发生NCRA时的化疗周期数随患者年龄的增长而减少,与NCRA后月经的恢复无关（P〉0.05）。NCRA的发生与新辅助化疗后肿瘤的降期无关（P〉0.05）。结论大多数绝经前乳腺癌患者接受新辅助化疗后会出现闭经,年龄越大的患者越容易发生NCRA,而且发生NCRA时接受化疗的周期数更少;年龄和化疗方案都会影响NCRA后月经的恢复;NCRA的发生未影响新辅助化疗的近期疗效。     

Does using comprehensive preoperative bowel preparation offer any advantage for urinary diversion using ileum? A meta-analysis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of comprehensive bowel preparation to that of limited bowel preparation in prevention of postoperative complications in elective urinary diversion surgery by using ileum.

Methods

Literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was done to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies involving comparison of postoperative complications after comprehensive bowel preparation and limited bowel preparation. A meta-analysis was carried out to distinguish overall differences between the two groups.

Results

Our literature search yielded two randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies, involving a total of 346 patients, which met our inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between the comprehensive bowel preparation and limited bowel preparation in wound infection [relative risk (RR) 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.05(0.46–2.40); P = 0.86], mortality [RR 95 % CI, 1.06 (0.32–3.55); P = 0.76], ileus [RR 95 % CI, 0.86 (0.37, 2.00); P = 0.40], sepsis [RR 95 % CI, 0.71 (0.20, 2.52); P = 0.78], anastomotic leakage [RR 95 % CI, 0.81 (0.15, 4.21); P = 0.83], wound dehiscence [RR 95 % CI, 0.92 (0.40, 2.13); P = 0.67], peritonitis [RR 95 % CI, 0.64 (0.08, 5.10); P = 0.63] or fistula [RR 95 % CI, 0.71 (0.18,2.75); P = 0.63].

Conclusions

The limited evidence available demonstrated that the use of comprehensive bowel preparation for urinary diversion surgery using ileum does not offer any significant advantage over limited bowel preparation. Future work should target more high-quality RCTs to confirm this.     

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of seminal vesicle: an extremely rare case report with literature review

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of seminal vesicle is extremely rare, and most cases regarding seminal vesicle tumors failed to address this kind of tumor. A 54-year-old male patient presented with intermittent painless visual hematuria for 6 months was hospitalized. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 4.4 cm × 3.6 cm × 3.0 cm mixed tumorous lesion in the left seminal vesicle. A transrectal needle biopsy revealed severe chronic inflammation. The mass was completely resected in a laparoscopic approach and was verified as a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the seminal vesicle by post-surgical histopathological examination. The patient received totally 5 cycles of chemotherapy. A rectal metastasis was detected 7 months after the surgery.     

Epidemiologic investigation of burns in the elderly in Sichuan Province

Objective

This study analysed the epidemiology of burns in the elderly in Sichuan Province, China, with the objective of formulating a prevention programme.

Methods

A retrospective review of elderly patients admitted to the Burn Centre of West China Hospital during 2003–2009 was performed, including patient demographics, education and burn aetiology.

Results

A total of 103 patients, mean age 69.5 years (range 60–95 years; 58 male, 45 female) were admitted. The most common causes of burn were flames (51.5%), scalding (37.9%), electrical (4.9%) and chemical (2.9%), respectively. The majority occurred at home (68.9%), principally in the kitchen (35.9%), while 19.4% occurred in the workplace. Burns with total body surface area (TBSA) of 0–10% accounted for 52.5% of those admitted for treatment; 10–30% TBSA burns accounted for 20.3%; 30–50% TBSA burns accounted for 15.5%; and burns with a TBSA >50% accounted for 11.7%. Only 6% of patients received appropriate first aid, and 32% did not receive treatment until more than 24 h after injury. The education level was lower in the rural group. Both urban and rural groups had little knowledge of first aid for burns.

Conclusions

Burn-prevention programmes should promote improved living conditions and medical insurance, with prevention education for the elderly, especially in rural areas.     

The role of duloxetine in stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

This systematic review determined whether the duloxetine can get more benefits versus placebo in managing women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) all over the world.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing duloxetine with placebo in these patients. The eligible RCTs were identified from the following electronic databases: Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline and EMBASE. We treated the incontinence episode frequency (IEF) as the main outcome, and the secondary outcomes were cured, average voiding interval, incontinence quality of life (I-QOL), treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and discontinuation.

Results

The review contained ten trials including 5,738 women who were randomized to take duloxetine or placebo. All arms in individual trials were comparable for various baseline characteristics. Individual studies showed a significantly greater decrease in IEF than placebo group. The total IEF responders (defined as a woman who had at least a 50 % decrease in IEF with treatment) within the duloxetine-treated women were more than the placebo-treated women (52.5 vs. 33.7 %; RR = 1.56; 95 %CI, 1.46–1.66; p < 0.00001). TEAEs were commonly experienced by both two groups (62.7 vs. 45.3 %) though they were not critical.

Authors’ conclusions

Our meta-analysis showed that significant efficacy can be found in women treated with a certain dose of duloxetine. The adverse events like nausea, constipation, dry mouth, fatigue etc. are common.     

Comparison of anterior cervical fusion by titanium mesh cage versus nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide cage following single-level corpectomy

Purpose

The titanium mesh cage (TMC) is a typical metal cage device which has been widely used in cervical reconstruction for decades. Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 (n-HA/PA66) cage is a novel biomimetic non-metal cage device growing in popularity in many medical centres in recent years. There has been no comparison of the efficacy between these two anterior reconstructing cages. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of these two different devices.

Methods

Sixty-seven eligible patients with single-level ACCF using TMC or n-HA/PA66 cage for cervical degenerative diseases, with four-year minimum follow-up, were included in this prospective non-randomised comparative study. Their radiographic (cage subsidence, fusion status, segmental sagittal alignment [SSA]) and clinical (VAS and JOA scales) data before surgery and at each follow-up was recorded completely.

Results

The fusion rate of the n-HA/PA66 group was higher than TMC at one year after surgery (94 % vs. 84 %) though their finial fusion rates were similar (97 % vs. 94 %). Finial n-HA/PA66 cage subsidence was 1.5 mm with 6 % of severe subsidence over three millimetres, which was significantly lower than the respective 2.9 mm and 22 % of TMC (P < 0.0001). Lastly, SSA, VAS and JOA in TMC group were worse than in the n-HA/PA66 group (P = 0.235, 0.034 and 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions

The n-HA/PA66 cage is associated with earlier radiographic fusion, less subsidence and better clinical results than TMC within four years after one-level ACCF. With the added benefit of radiolucency, the n-HA/PA66 cage may be superior to TMC in anterior cervical construction.     

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Technique in the Setting of Complicated Splenectomy: A 9-Year Experience

Background

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is significantly more challenging in patients with supramassive splenomegaly and those with portal hypertension. We hypothesized that hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) could facilitate the procedure in these patients.

Methods

Before October 2009, patients with supramassive splenomegaly and those with portal hypertension underwent LS. After October 2009, we routinely applied HALS in patients with these disorders.

Results

We compared the HALS group (n = 41) with the LS group (n = 45). There were no conversions to open surgery in the HALS group, whereas there was an 4.5 % conversion rate in the LS group. The operating times were shorter, and there was less estimated blood loss, and fewer major complications in the HALS group. Analgesia requirement, time to full diet, and postoperative stay were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusions

We concluded that HALS was superior to LS in patients with supramassive splenomegaly and in those with portal hypertension.