The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its etiological subtypes in elderly Chinese

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are limited in China.MethodsUsing a multistage cluster sampling design, a total of 10,276 community residents (6096 urban, 4180 rural) aged 65 years or older were evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, MCI, or dementia. MCI was further categorized by imaging into MCI caused by prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI-A), MCI resulting from cerebrovascular disease (MCI-CVD), MCI with vascular risk factors (MCI-VRF), and MCI caused by other diseases (MCI-O).ResultsThe prevalences of overall MCI, MCI-A, MCI-CVD, MCI-VRF, and MCI-O were 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.0–21.6%), 6.1% (95% CI = 5.7–6.6%), 3.8% (95% CI = 3.4–4.2%), 4.9% (95% CI = 4.5–5.4%), and 5.9% (95% CI = 5.5–6.4%) respectively. The rural population had a higher prevalence of overall MCI (23.4% vs 16.8%, P < .001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MCI in elderly Chinese is higher in rural than in urban areas. Vascular-related MCI (MCI-CVD and MCI-VRF) was most common.     

Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 overexpression predicts biochemical recurrence in men with prostate cancer

BackgroundProtein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) has been reported to be implicated into the completion of cytokinesis and is dys-regulated in a cancer-specific manner. However, it roles in human prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of PRC1 and its clinical significance in this malignancy.Materials and methodsPRC1 protein expression in human PCa and non-cancerous prostate tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, which was validated by microarray-based Taylor data at mRNA level. Then, the associations of PRC1 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of PCa patients were statistically analyzed.ResultsPRC1 expression in PCa tissues, at both mRNA and protein levels, were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous prostate tissues. In addition, the PCa patients with PRC1 overexpression more frequently had high Gleason score, advanced pathological stage, positive metastasis, short overall survival time and positive PSA failure than those with low Gleason score, early pathological stage, negative metastasis, long overall survival time and negative PSA failure (all P < 0.05). Moreover, PRC1 expression was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor of biochemical recurrence-free survival in PCa patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the aberrant expression of PRC1 may predict biochemical recurrence in men with PCa highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker of this malignancy.     

加味生化汤预防血瘀型产后恶露不绝对血液流变学的影响

目的观察加味生化汤预防血瘀型产妇产后恶露不绝对血液流变学的影响。方法将经阴道分娩的血瘀型产妇120例,完全随机分为观察组、对照组、空白组,每组各40例。观察组服用自拟加味生化汤,对照组予缩宫素10 U肌内注射,空白组服用安慰剂（多维元素胶囊）。观察3组患者中医证候的改变,产后恶露不绝的发生率以及治疗前后血液流变学指标的变化。结果观察组中医证候的总有效率为95.0%,对照组、空白组分别为75.0%、82.5%,观察组与其余两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组、对照组、空白组产后恶露不绝的发生率分别为15.0%、32.5%、35.0%,观察组产后恶露不绝的发生率明显低于对照组、空白组（P〈0.05）,对照组与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组血液流变学各项指标与治疗前比较明显改善（P〈0.05）,与其余两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论加味生化汤能有效预防血瘀型产妇产后恶露不绝的发生,能明显改善其血液流变学各项指标,值得临床推广。     

The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China

ObjectiveThe Chinese population has been aging rapidly and the country's economy has experienced exponential growth during the past three decades. The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in the prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) among elderly Chinese individuals and to analyze differences between urban and rural areas.MethodsFor the years 2008 to 2009, we performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 years and older were drawn from 30 urban (n = 6096) and 45 rural (n = 4180) communities across China. Participants were assessed with a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measures. Dementia, AD, and VaD were diagnosed according to established criteria via standard diagnostic procedures.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia, AD, and VaD among individuals aged 65 years and older were 5.14% (95% CI, 4.71–5.57), 3.21% (95% CI, 2.87–3.55), and 1.50% (95% CI, 1.26–1.74), respectively. The prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban ones (6.05% vs. 4.40%, P < .001). The same regional difference was also seen for AD (4.25% vs. 2.44%, P < .001) but not for VaD (1.28% vs. 1.61%, P = .166). The difference in AD was not evident when the sample was stratified by educational level. Moreover, the risk factors for AD and VaD differed for urban and rural populations.ConclusionsA notably higher prevalence of dementia and AD was found in rural areas than in urban ones, and education might be an important reason for the urban–rural differences.