Outcomes of single-level cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Several studies have established the short-term safety and efficacy of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, few single-center comparative trials have been performed, and current studies do not contain large numbers of patients. We retrospectively reviewed all patients from a single military tertiary medical center between August 2008 to August 2012 who underwent single-level CDA or single-level ACDF and compared their clinical outcomes and complications. A total of 259 consecutive patients were included in the study, 171 patients in the CDA group with an average follow-up of 9.8 (±9.9) months and 88 patients in the ACDF group with an average follow-up of 11.8 (±9.6) months. Relief of pre-operative symptoms was 90.1% in the CDA group and 86.4% in the ACDF group with rates of return to full pre-operative activity of 93.0% and 88.6%, respectively. Patients who underwent CDA had a higher rate of persistent posterior neck pain (15.8% versus 12.5%), and patients who underwent ACDF were at risk for symptomatic pseudarthrosis at a rate of 3.4%. Reoperation rates were higher in the ACDF group (5.7% versus 3.5%). To our knowledge, this review is the largest, non-funded, comparison study between single-level CDA and single-level ACDF. This study demonstrates that CDA is a safe and reliable alternative to ACDF in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy resulting from spondylosis and acute disc herniation.     

伤椎过渡钉辅助复位技术在重度胸腰椎骨折脱位手术中的应用

目的探讨伤椎过渡钉辅助复位技术在重度胸腰椎骨折脱位手术中的临床应用价值。方法自2010—01—2012—01应用伤椎过渡钉复位技术治疗重度胸腰椎骨折脱位13例。术前影像学证实伤椎椎弓根均破坏,无法置钉,常规行后路手术．伤椎过渡钉辅助复位后采用椎弓根钉棒系统复位固定。结果13例获得随访10个月～2．5年,平均1．5年,骨折脱位复位满意,术后伤椎高度和Cobb角均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,内固定无破坏。结论对于复位困难的重度胸腰椎骨折脱位,当伤椎椎弓根破裂无法置钉时采用伤椎过渡钉辅助复位技术联合后路钉棒系统可以获得满意的复位效果,手术创伤小,操作简单,临床效果满意。     

Nerve and tendon injury with percutaneous fibular pinning: A cadaveric study

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to measure the average distance from a percutaneous pin in each quadrant of the distal fibula to the sural nerve and nearest peroneal tendon, and define the safe zone for percutaneous pin placement as would be used during surgery.MethodTen fresh-frozen cadavers underwent percutaneous pin fixation into four quadrants of the distal fibula. The sural nerve and peroneal tendon were identified as they coursed around the lateral ankle. Distances from the K-wire in each quadrant to the anatomic structure of interest were measured.ResultsAverage distances (mm) from the K-wire to the sural nerve in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 19.1 ± 8.9 (range, 5.1–35.5), 12.8 ± 8.2 (range, 0.3–27.8), 12.6 ± 6.8 (range, 3.0–27.8), and 5.9 ± 5.5 (range, 0.1–19.9), respectively. Average distances from the K-wire to the nearest peroneal tendon in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 15.7 ± 4.4 (range, 9.5–23.1), 11.9 ± 5.2 (range, 3.2–21.7), 6.3 ± 3.9 (range, 0.1–14.4), and 1.0 ± 1.6 (range, 0–5.6), respectively.ConclusionsPercutaneous pinning of distal fibula fractures is a successful treatment option with minimal complications. Our anatomical study found the safe zone of percutaneous pin placement to be in the anterolateral quadrant. The sural nerve can be as close as 5.1 mm and the peroneal tendons as near as 15.7 mm. In contrast, the posteromedial quadrant was associated with the greatest risk of injury to both the sural nerve and peroneal tendons.     

虎口掌侧动脉背侧穿支蒂跨区供血皮瓣的解剖基础

目的　探讨虎口掌侧动脉背侧穿支形态学特征,为虎口掌侧动脉背侧穿支皮瓣设计提供解剖学基础。 方法　用30侧灌注红色乳胶的成尸手标本,通过巨微解剖、血管铸型等方法,重点观测：①虎口背侧营养血管的起源、走行与分布;②虎口掌侧动脉背侧穿支与虎口背侧血管的吻合特点。另1侧灌注红色乳胶的新鲜标本进行摹拟手术设计。 结果　虎口背侧血供属多源性,由虎口掌侧动脉（示指桡掌侧固有动脉、拇指尺掌侧固有动脉）背侧穿支和虎口背侧动脉（第1掌背动脉）分支供养。①第1掌背动脉恒定起自桡动脉,走行于第1掌骨间隙,分出桡侧、尺侧和中间3个终支,有桡神经浅支发出的同名指背皮神经伴行;②虎口掌侧动脉向虎口背侧发出尺侧、中间和桡侧穿支,与第1掌背动脉分支形成恒定的吻合,营养虎口背侧皮肤。 结论　以虎口掌侧动脉背侧穿支为蒂,可形成跨区域供血虎口背侧皮瓣转位修复示指近侧段、鱼际部和拇指软组织缺损。     

Targeting autophagy in osteoporosis: From pathophysiology to potential therapy

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by the loss of bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, attributed to various factors, including menopause (primary), aging (primary) and adverse effects of relevant medications (secondary). In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis emphasizes that bone cellular homeostasis, including the maintenance of cell functions, differentiation, and the response to stress, is tightly regulated by autophagy, which is a cell survival mechanism for eliminating and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. With the important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function, autophagy has emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we update and discuss the pathophysiology of autophagy in normal bone cell life cycle and metabolism. Then, the alternations of autophagy in primary and secondary osteoporosis, and the accompanied pathological process are discussed. Finally, we discuss current strategies, limitations, and challenges involved in targeting relevant pathways and propose strategies by which such hurdles may be circumvented in the future for their translation into clinical validations and applications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.     

数字化和3D打印技术辅助治疗陈旧性髌骨骨折

目的探讨数字化和3D打印技术辅助陈旧性髌骨骨折精确截骨、复位和内固定方法,了解其在辅助治疗陈旧性髌骨骨折中的价值。方法自2006年以来,纳入5例陈旧性髌骨骨折畸形愈合患者采用CT薄层扫描、三维重建获得骨折部位骨关节三维模型,采用计算机辅助分析骨折移位和新生骨痂形成情况,CAD设计辅助手术模板引导骨折面准确截骨、精确复位,仿真模拟骨折复位、内固定过程,最后采用膝关节HSS评分标准评定术前、术后2周、末次随访时的膝关节功能。结果5例患者经14~23个月的随访,随访期间未发现螺钉、钢缆滑脱松动以及伤口感染等并发症,术后X线片证实骨折均解剖复位;根据膝关节HSS评分标准评价,术前HSS评分为47、53、35、40、42分,术后2周HSS评分为82、83、80、85、86分,末次随访HSS评分为95、86、89、90、91分。最后根据膝关节HSS评分标准评价:优5例。结论采用计算机辅助精确界定髌骨骨折面、模拟骨折复位内固定、个性化手术模板引导精确截骨、复位和内固定过程,解决了陈旧性髌骨骨折截骨部位确定困难、复位欠佳等问题。     

三维悬滴法培养间充质干细胞在组织损伤修复中的应用及优势

文题释义： 细胞微环境：即细胞在体内外所处的周围环境,包括细胞间质及其所含的体液成分,其稳定与否会直接影响细胞的增殖、分化、分泌及代谢等重要功能,从而导致细胞的性状发生改变。 三维悬滴法培养：是近年来细胞三维培养方式的一种,它不借助额外的材料支架,而用一滴滴的悬滴构建起细胞的三维环境。三维悬滴法培养的细胞更加贴近体内的真实环境,有利于其功能的发挥。 背景：近年来,间充质干细胞因其易于分离培养、具备高度自我增殖和多向分化潜能以及强大的免疫调控作用等优点,被广泛用于各种组织的损伤修复。传统的二维培养常常导致细胞的多能性及分泌能力受损。三维成球培养的间充质干细胞,不仅能很好继承间充质干细胞本身的优点,还能通过增强的旁分泌能力和增殖分化能力,扩大其在多种组织损伤中的修复作用。 目的：从三维间充质干细胞的基本特征、修复机制、培养方法以及对于各类疾病损伤修复的组织工程应用等多个方面进行综述,阐述其未来应用的可能性,为将来三维间充质干细胞的临床应用提供理论支持。 方法：计算机检索近10年收录于PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)以及万方数据库中的相关文章,检索关键词为“间充质干细胞、三维培养、悬滴法培养、损伤修复”“mesenchymal stem cells、three-dimension culture、hanging-drop、tissue repair”,文献类型不限,纳入51篇文献进行综述分析。 结果与结论：多项研究表明,三维间充质干细胞确实在多个方面如增殖分化、旁分泌及免疫调控作用等要远强于二维间充质干细胞,从而更好地修复组织损伤。随着干细胞移植治疗的广泛开展和三维成球培养体系的深入研究,三维间充质干细胞用于多种组织损伤的修复具备巨大潜力。 ORCID: 0000-0002-9596-1861(邓俊豪);0000-0003-4279-1704(唐佩福) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Selection of spinal surgery and hip replacement sequence in patients with both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease

ObjectiveTo discuss how the sequence of spinal surgery and hip replacement is determined for patients with both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease.MethodsTwenty-six patients treated for both degenerative scoliosis and hip disease from June 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively studied. Eleven patients underwent hip replacement followed by lumbar surgery (Group A), and 15 patients underwent lumbar surgery followed by hip replacement (Group B). The average follow-up duration was 1.5 years. Related indicators were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsThe parameters showing significant differences between Groups A and B after surgery were acetabular anteversion, the Oswestry functional disability score, and the Harris hip score. Postoperatively, five patients in Group A had unequal shoulder heights and inclination of the trunk to one side. After lumbar surgery and before total hip arthroplasty in Group B, eight patients could not walk, and the limitation was more severe than that preoperatively.ConclusionSpinal surgery may be performed first to resolve lumbar nerve symptoms and restore sagittal balance of the spine; hip replacement may then be performed to simplify hip replacement difficulties and resolve the imbalance after spinal surgery. Severely limited range of motion exists after lumbar surgery and before total hip arthroplasty.     

颈椎前路减压手术解剖标志定位测量及其临床意义

目的　为颈椎前路减压手术在有限显露术野中达到安全、有效减压提供更科学的减压标志。 方法　在15具成人尸体标本上,解剖观测C3~7节段相关解剖数据,以所测量的数据为基础,计算：(1)椎体钩前脚至颈长肌内侧缘的距离/颈长肌内侧缘至正中矢状面的距离(AULD/MLPD); (2)椎体钩前脚至横突孔内侧缘的距离/椎体钩前脚至颈长肌内侧缘的距离(AUTD/AULD); (3)椎体钩前脚至硬膜囊外侧缘的垂直距离/椎体钩后脚至硬膜囊外侧缘的距离(AUDD/PUDD)和(4)椎体钩与神经根最近点和椎体钩前脚的垂直距离/椎体钩前后脚的垂直距离(UNAD/APUD)。 结果　AULD/MLPD在C3的平均值为0.83,在C4的平均值为0.55,在C5的平均值为0.20,在C6的平均值为0.34,在C7的平均值为0.27;AUTD/AULD的平均值为2.71;AUDD/PUDD的平均值为0.28;UNAD/APUD的平均值为0.34。 结论　椎体钩前脚是颈椎体前部恒定的解剖标志,可作为颈椎前路手术的稳定、可靠的骨性减压标志,依据AUDD/PUDD、UNAD/APUD和AUTD/AULD的比值,有助于术中判断硬膜囊、颈神经根和椎动脉的位置。