18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性肿瘤神经浸润中的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射断层显像/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)对恶性肿瘤神经浸润的诊断价值。方法对50例经病理检查证实的恶性肿瘤患者行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,将病理组织学结果、抗炎治疗后1个月随访结果、化疗后临床随访结果作为诊断神经浸润的金标准,评估18F-FDG PET/CT的诊断价值。结果50例恶性肿瘤患者中,PET/CT检查神经浸润阳性14例,其中真阳性10例,假阳性4例;PET/CT检查显示沿受累神经走形的线性代谢活动,最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)为2.5~25.2,平均(7.6±6.5)。18F-FDG PET/CT检查诊断恶性肿瘤神经浸润的灵敏度为83.33%,特异度为89.47%,阳性预测值为71.43%,阴性预测值为94.44%,准确度为88.00%。结论18F-FDG PET/CT有助于早期诊断恶性肿瘤患者的神经浸润情况,从而对患者进行针对性的干预。     

靶向survivin的shRNA对人胆管癌QBC939细胞体外增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨靶向survivin的shRNA对人胆管癌QBC939细胞体外增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:合成具有互补序列的能够编码短发卡RNA(shRNA)的双链寡核苷酸并构建pSilence2.1真核表达质粒,经稳定转染QBC939细胞后对转基因后胆管癌细胞的生物学行为进行观察。结果:neo基因稳定表达于转染阳性质粒及阴性对照质粒的QBC939细胞中。RT-PCR及Western blot检测证实shRNA在mRNA及蛋白质水平抑制survivin表达,抑制率分别为66.2%和61.8%。细胞计数及平板克隆形成实验显示转染细胞生长速度及细胞克隆形成率明显减低(P<0.01)。流式细胞术测定细胞周期显示转染细胞G0/G1期细胞明显增多,S期细胞明显减少。DNA ladder、透射电镜观察及流式细胞术定量研究显示转染细胞凋亡比明显增多。结论:靶向sur-vivin的shRNA能有效抑制目的基因的表达,通过增加细胞凋亡在体外抑制人胆管癌细胞的生长。     

年龄相关性皮质性白内障波形蛋白基因外显子突变的研究

目的探讨波形蛋白(vimentin)基因外显子序列突变与年龄相关性皮质性白内障的关系。方法选择年龄相关性皮质性白内障患者110例(病例组)及同一地区正常对照100例(对照组)进行以医院病例资料为基础的对照研究。以外周血基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增vimentin基因全部外显子,并将PCR产物纯化后测序。测序结果与GenBank公布的vimentin基因正常序列比对。结果病例组的血尿酸含量为(344.00±79.91)μmol·L-1较对照组(309.00±72.75)μmol·L-1显著增高(P=0.001),病例组的血肌酐含量为(59.20±13.57)μmol·L-1较对照组(55.24±13.61)μmol·L-1增高(P=0.04);2组测序结果显示vimentin基因全部外显子序列中,并未发现突变。结论年龄相关性皮质性白内障的发病机制与vimentin基因外显子序列突变无关,其致病基因有待进一步试验确定。     

上海市剖宫产率及其影响因素

目的:了解上海市剖宫产率现状及其相关影响因素,为制定相应干预措施提供科学依据。方法:通过查阅分析历年报表了解剖宫产变化趋势,通过现场问卷调查,了解2009年住院分娩的孕产妇及提供孕产期服务相关的医务人员对分娩方式的认知与选择。结果:①上海市的剖宫产率呈上升趋势,近5年相对稳定波动在51%左右。②孕产妇对分娩方式的选择意向在孕期的不同时期有显著变化,越接近分娩对剖宫产的选择意向越强。③剖宫产指征前3位分别为:社会因素(34.4%)、胎儿窘迫(16.8%)、疤痕子宫(9.9%),以社会因素为首位,尤以上海市户籍者为明显(54.14%),主要是怕痛、担心胎儿安全、医务人员建议等。④上海市户籍产妇选择剖宫产主要受个人心理因素及周围环境影响,而外地户籍者选择剖宫产主要受经济、文化水平影响;医务人员对剖宫产弊端的低认知、医疗风险的规避、收益的考虑等使其更倾向于剖宫产。结论:剖宫产率居高不下,影响因素复杂。急需加强健康教育、推广产时适宜技术、提高助产质量等以降低剖宫产率。     

Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Breast Cancer in a Phase I Clinic: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience

PurposePatients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refractory to standard therapy have a poor prognosis. We assessed prognostic factors and clinical outcomes for patients with MBC referred to a phase I clinic focused primarily on targeted agents.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of sequential patients with MBC who presented to our phase I clinic between September 2004 and May 2008 to assess baseline patient characteristics, overall survival (OS), and clinical benefit.ResultsA total of 92 patients were identified, with a median age of 53 years (range, 28–83 years). The median number of previous therapies was 5 (range, 1–16 therapies). Of 92 patients, 78 were eligible for and offered ≥ 1 phase I clinical trial. With a median follow-up of 7.4 months, the median OS was 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.2–9.7). In multivariate analysis, independent factors predicting shorter survival were ≥ 10 previous treatments (vs. < 10 previous treatments; hazard ratio [HR], 3.27; 95% CI, 1.37–7.81; P = .008), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 2/3 (vs. 0/1; HR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.28–6.66; P = .01), and albumin level < 3.5 g/dL (vs. > 3.5 g/dL; HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.41–5.89; P = .004).ConclusionPatients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer referred for our phase I studies had a median survival of 6.7 months. Heavily pretreated disease, poor ECOG PS, and/or low albumin levels were associated with significantly shorter survival in a multivariate analysis.     

Quality of life (QoL) analyses from OPTIMAL (CTONG-0802), a phase III,randomised, open-label study of first-line erlotinib versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

BackgroundThe OPTIMAL study found that erlotinib improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus standard chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This report describes the quality of life (QoL) and updated PFS analyses from this study.Patients and methodsChinese patients ≥18 years with histologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and a confirmed activating mutation of EGFR (exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R point mutation) received erlotinib (150 mg/day; n = 82) or gemcitabine–carboplatin (n = 72). The primary efficacy end point was PFS; QoL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire, Trial Outcome Index (TOI) and Lung Cancer Subscale (LCS).ResultsPatients receiving erlotinib experienced clinically relevant improvements in QoL compared with the chemotherapy group in total FACT-L, TOI and LCS (P < 0.0001 for all scales). Erlotinib scored better than chemotherapy for all FACT-L subscales from baseline to cycles 2 and 4 (non-significant). In the updated analysis, PFS was significantly longer for erlotinib than chemotherapy (median PFS 13.7 versus 4.6 months; HR = 0.164, 95% CI = 0.105–0.256; P < 0.0001), which was similar to the previously reported primary analysis.ConclusionErlotinib improves QoL compared with standard chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC.     

川崎病患者易早发动脉粥样硬化

川崎病是一种急性自限性全身性血管炎,其心血管并发症,尤其是冠状动脉损害(冠状动脉扩张、冠状动脉瘤形成、冠状动脉狭窄甚至闭塞等)使其受到了临床医师,尤其是儿科临床医师的广泛关注.川崎病首次被认识至今已经40余年,随着那些最早的川崎病患者逐渐迈入中年,关于川崎病长期预后的研究引起了临床工作者的极大兴趣.虽然动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病临床表现多出现在中老年期,但近年来其被认为是一种病变始于儿童时期,并在各种危险因素的作用下逐渐进展的疾病.越来越多的研究发现,川崎病尤其是伴有冠状动脉损害的川崎病可能是早发动脉粥样硬化的危险因素.     

Safe-margin surgery by plastic reconstruction in extremities or parietal trunk soft tissue sarcoma: A tertiary single centre experience

IntroductionTertiary centers recruit a large proportion of locally advanced or recurrent soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) that may have been preoperatively irradiated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of oncoplastic surgery (OPS) for patients affected by extremities or parietal trunk STS.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study includes patients who underwent a flap reconstruction after sarcoma resection between January 2018 and December 2020 at Institut Curie. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the impact of OPS on the quality of surgical margins. The secondary endpoint was to quantify the morbidity of OPS and identify predictive factors for wound complications.ResultsOf 211 patients, 89 (42.2%) had a flap reconstruction. Surgery was realized on an irradiated field in 56 (62.9%) patients. Without OPS, all patients were candidates either for amputation (n = 9,10.1%) due to vessels/nerve infiltration, or R1/R2 resection (n = 80,89.9%). Seventy-two (80.0%) pedicle flaps and 18 (20.0%) free flaps were used. No R2 resections were performed. R0 and R1 margins were achieved in 82 (92.1%) and 7 (7.9%), respectively. The median closest margin was 3 mm (IQR 1–6 mm). Among R1 patients, 5 had positive margins along a preserved critical structure, 2 patients had well-differentiated liposarcomas. The surgical morbidity rate was 33.3% (30/90 flaps). The reoperation rate was 15.7% (14/89 patients).ConclusionsIn a referral sarcoma center, the collaboration between the surgical oncologist and the plastic surgery team should be considered upfront in the surgical plan, allowing the most adequate wide oncological resection with acceptable postoperative morbidity.     

Efficacy and safety of pemetrexed/cisplatin versus gemcitabine/cisplatin as first-line treatment in Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer

Objectives

Retrospective subgroup analysis in JMDB study indicates that the between-arm differences in overall survival (OS) in the East Asian subgroup were consistent with those observed in the entire JMDB study population. This bridging study (JMIL) further evaluated the efficacy and safety of first-line pemetrexed/cisplatin (PC) versus gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) in Chinese patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary endpoint of this local registration trial was designed to compare OS in the combined dataset, consisting of Chinese patients in JMIL and 1252 nonsquamous patients in JMDB.

Materials and methods

Chinese patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned (1:1) to 6 cycles maximum (21 days/cycle) of pemetrexed 500 mg/m² + cisplatin 75 mg/m² (day 1), or gemcitabine 1250 mg/m² (days 1 and 8) + cisplatin 75 mg/m² (day 1).

Results

In JMIL, 256 Chinese patients were randomized (PC, n = 126; GC, n = 130). Patient baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms. In the combined dataset, PC was superior to GC in prolonging OS, with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.77–0.98, p = 0.023) and median OS of 11.76 versus 10.94 months. In the JMIL-only population, no significant OS difference observed between treatment arms (adjusted HR = 1.03 [95% CI: 0.77–1.39, p = 0.822]; unadjusted HR = 0.996 [95% CI: 0.74–1.33, p = 0.980]), nor for other secondary efficacy endpoints. Significantly fewer patients in the PC arm experienced drug-related grade 3/4 toxicities, 54 (43.2%) versus 71 (55.9%) for GC (p = 0.045), with significantly lower rates of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and fatigue.

Conclusion

This study showed that in the combined population, OS of PC was superior to GC, while in the Chinese-only population, no significant difference was observed; a better safety and risk/benefit profile was found in the PC arm. A PC regimen should be considered as a standard of care in Chinese nonsquamous NSCLC patients in a first-line setting.