Development of the decision tree model for distinguishing individuals of Chinese four surnames from Zhanjiang Han population based on Y-STR haplotypes

Co-separation studies between surnames and Y chromosome genetic markers are beneficial to revealing population migrations, surname origins, population formation histories and forensic familial searching. Genetic distributions of 27 Y-STRs in Chinese four surnames (Li, Lin, Chen and Huang) from Zhanjiang Han population were investigated. Meanwhile, we tried to develop a decision tree model for surname predictions based on Y-STR haplotypes. Allelic frequencies of 27 Y-STRs showed that unique alleles were only observed in a certain surname; besides, some alleles displayed higher frequencies in a certain surname than those in other surnames, implying these alleles might be employed as the useful indicators for surname predictions. Haplotype match probability values of 27 Y-STRs in these surnames revealed that the system could be used as a valuable tool for forensic male identification. The developed decision tree model performed well for the training set with the accuracy of 0.9860 and obtained the relatively high accuracy (>0.70) for surname predictions of the testing set. To sum up, we explored the power of the machine learning to the surname predictions based on obtained Y-STR haplotypes, which showed promising application values in forensic familial searching.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍的疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者的疗效。方法将入选的16例COPD呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者分为A组,16例意识障碍不明显患者分为B组。在常规治疗的基础上行双水平无创正压通气（BiPAP）,动态观察治疗前后动脉血气、Glasgow昏迷评分、NPPV天数、住院天数、最高IPAP、NPPV成功率、住院病死率及不良反应情况。结果 A组NPPV成功率和住院病死率分别为68.75%（11/16）和18.75%（3/16）,B组分别为81.25%（13/16）和12.5%（2/16）,差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。A组最高IPAP均值较B组高6 cmH2O,且NPPV和总住院时间也较B组长3和7 d（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。A组胃肠胀气和面部皮肤损伤较B组发生率高（68.75%比18.75%,25.0%比6.25%,P〈0.05）。结论 NPPV对COPD呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍患者也有较好的疗效,意识障碍不是NPPV治疗的绝对禁忌症。     

血脂康对高血压患者血压和左室重塑的影响

目的观察血脂康对高血压患者血压及左心室重塑的影响。方法将60例高血压患者随机分为缬沙坦组(80mg/d,A组)和缬沙坦(80mg/d)联合血脂康组(1200mg/d,B组),各30例。连续药物治疗4个月,观察给药前后两组患者血压的变化,测定血清三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、及总胆固醇(TC)水平。心脏彩色超声仪测左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)和室间隔厚度(IVST),计算左室重量指数(LVMI)。结果药物治疗4个月后,B组较A组患者HDL-C显著增高,而TC、LDL-C及TG水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者收缩压和舒张压降低,B组血压显著低于A组(P<0.05);两组患者LVMI都明显降低,而B组患者LVMI显著低于A组(P<0.05)。结论血脂康可通过改善血管内皮功能、抑制左心室心肌细胞肥大及降低血压,达到影响高血压患者左心室重塑的作用。     

玻璃体切割术后高眼压的发生率和特点及相关危险因素分析

目的：分析玻璃体切割术后高眼压的发生率、特点及相关的危险因素。
　　方法：回顾性分析在我院行 PPV 手术的患者146例146眼。比较患者的年龄、性别、眼别、病程和手术时间等,以了解高眼压的发生率和特点。比较患者术前原发疾病、术中处理方式、眼内填充物类型等,以分析发生高眼压的相关危险因素。
　　结果：患者47例术后发生高眼压,发生率为32.2%。高眼压与无高眼压患者在年龄、性别、眼别、病程和手术时间方面无统计学差别(P>0.05)。糖尿病伴单纯性玻璃体积血和伴牵拉性视网膜脱离患者高眼压发生率分别为21.1%和57.6%( P<0.05)。 RD伴PVR C2级以下和C2级以上患者高眼压发生率分别为19.0%和43.8%(P<0.05)。眼外伤伴玻璃体积血和伴眼内异物患者高眼压发生率分别为25.0%和70.0%(P<0.05)。行全视网膜光凝患者高眼压发生率为50.8%,高于未行激光光凝组患者( P<0.05)。行部分视网膜光凝患者高眼压发生率为29.5%,高于未行激光光凝组患者,但二者比较并无统计学差异(P>0.05)。采用硅油、C3F8和单纯换气的患者术后高眼压发病率分别为59.7%,34.5%和14.5%,前两者与单纯换气比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
　　结论：玻璃体切割术后高眼压发生率与术前原发疾病、术中处理方式和眼内填充物等因素密切相关。     

综合治疗儿童弱视255例疗效观察

目的：探讨综合治疗各种类型儿童弱视的疗效。

方法：对确诊为弱视的患儿255例386眼,采用戴镜矫正、遮盖疗法、增视能训练系统、CAM训练、红光刺激等综合治疗。并对弱视的年龄、类型及弱视程度与疗效关系进行分析。

结果：弱视治疗总有效率为94%,总治愈率为71%。轻度弱视、3～6岁年龄段和屈光不正性弱视治愈率最高。

结论：综合治疗法对儿童弱视疗效确切,年龄、弱视类型及弱视程度对疗效影响显著。     

乳腺原发性恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤一例

本文报道乳腺原发性恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤1例。患者女,18岁。主要临床表现为右侧乳房肿块,呈无痛进行性增大。超声表现为右侧乳房混合性巨大囊实性包块,边界尚清,可见少许血流;MRI表现为右侧乳房一巨大肿块,反转恢复序列脂肪抑制T2WI呈不均匀高信号,内见低信号分隔影,T1WI呈等低信号,边界清晰,DWI上肿瘤信号不均,以高信号为主,动态增强扫描示瘤体边缘及实性成分呈斑片状、结节状不均匀明显强化。病理诊断:右侧乳腺恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤。     

Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery

IntroductionHyposmia is among the most common symptoms of COVID-19 patients. Previous research has mainly described this issue at the disease’s early stages. Because olfactory impairment can indicate neurological degeneration, we investigated the possibility of permanent olfactory damage by assessing hyposmia during the late recovery stage of COVID-19 patients.MethodsNinety-five patients were assessed with the Brief Smell Identification Test for Chinese (B-SITC) and Hyposmia Rating Scale (HRS) after 16 weeks from disease onset. Five weeks later, 41 patients were retested with B-SITC.ResultsAt the first visit, hyposmia was identified in 26/82 (31.7%) and 22/95 (23.2%) of participants by HRS (HRS score ≤22) and B-SITC (B-SITC score <8), respectively. The rates of hyposmia in patients who performed B-SITC after 14–15 weeks, 16–17 weeks, and ≥18 weeks from disease onset were 7/25 (28%), 8/35 (23%) and 7/35 (20%), respectively, which demonstrated a trend of olfaction improvement as recovery time prolonging. Hyposmia percentages decreased from the first visit (34.1%) to the second visit (24.4%) for the 41 patients who completed 2 visits. B-SITC scores of the first-visit hyposmia participants increased significantly at the second visit (5.29 ± 2.02 to 8.29 ± 2.40; n = 14, P = 0.001). Severe cases tended to recover less than common cases.ConclusionsHyposmia was present in up to one-third of COVID-19 patients after about 3 months from disease onset. Notable recovery of olfactory function was observed at a next 5-weeks follow-up. Clinical severity had little influence on olfactory impairment and recovery.     

实性非小细胞肺癌能谱CT参数与Ki-67表达水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨实性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)能谱CT定量参数与Ki-67表达水平的关系。方法:回顾性分析105例实性非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料。免疫组化检测Ki-67阳性癌细胞百分率(Ki-67值)。根据Ki-67值将患者分为3组:高水平组>30%,中水平组>10%~30%,低水平组≤10%。用能谱分析软件GSI Viewer测量静脉期CT能谱成像的定量参数,包括碘浓度(IC)、40 keV和100 keV的CT值(CT40 keV、CT100 keV),计算能谱衰减曲线斜率(K)和标准碘浓度(NIC)。3组间比较采用单因素方差分析,定量参数与Ki-67表达水平的相关性采用Spearman相关分析。绘制具有统计学差异参数的ROC曲线,并用曲线下面积(AUC)衡量各参数的鉴别诊断性能。结果:单因素方差分析显示3组间IC、NIC、CT40 keV、K有显著性差异(P<0.05)。LSD-t检验分析显示,高水平与低水平之间IC、CT40 keV、K有显著性差异(P<0.05);高水平与中水平之间IC、NIC、CT40 keV、K有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,IC、NIC、CT40 keV、K与Ki-67表达水平呈负相关(|r|<0.4,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析表明,IC和K判别高水平组和非高水平组的AUC值较大,分别为0.707和0.709。IC和K的敏感性均为68.5%,特异性均为70.6%。结论:能谱CT定量参数为评价实性NSCLC癌细胞增殖情况提供了一种新的无创性方法。