高龄颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉内膜切除术和颈动脉支架成形术的安全性比较简

目的回顾接受颈动脉内膜切除术和颈动脉支架成形术的高龄（≥70岁）颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料,分析手术安全性。方法共691例颈动脉狭窄患者,121例行颈动脉内膜切除术、570例行颈动脉支架成形术,分析两组患者危险因素、临床特征和术后并发症发生率,评价两种手术方法之安全性。结果术后30d时,两组患者病死率（0．83％对1．05％,P=1．000）、脑卒中（4．13％对1．93％,P=0．258）和心肌梗死（0．83％对0,P=0．175）发生率差异均无统计学意义;但颈动脉内膜切除术组患者术后心脏不良事件（8．26％对1．05％,P=0．000）和脑神经损伤（4．96％对0,P=0．000）发生率高于颈动脉支架成形术组,而窦性心动过缓或低血压发生率低于颈动脉支架成形术组（0对7．54％,P=0．002）。结论高龄患者接受颈动脉内膜切除术或颈动脉支架成形术均有较高的安全性,术前应全面评价患者基础情况,以减少术后并发症发生率。     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的观察超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法择期硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产手术产妇60例,随机分为两组,TAPB组和PCEA组。手术结束后,TAPB组行超声引导下双侧TAPB,分别注入0.25%罗哌卡因0.6ml/kg,并口服氨酚曲马多片,每次一片(每片含盐酸曲马多37.5mg,对乙酰氨基酚325mg),每8h一次;PCEA组采用0.125%罗哌卡因加1μg/ml舒芬太尼实施持续硬膜外镇痛,背景剂量8ml/h,每次按压3ml,锁定时间15min,每小时最高限量15ml。记录术后2、6、12、24和48h的VAS评分,及患者镇痛满意度和不良反应。结果与PCEA组比较,TAPB组术后6h和12h咳嗽时切口痛VAS评分明显降低(P0.05),产妇镇痛满意度明显提高(P0.05),运动阻滞发生率明显降低(P0.01)。结论超声引导下TAPB复合口服氨酚曲马多用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果优于硬膜外镇痛。     

对侧颈动脉闭塞对颈动脉内膜切除术围手术期疗效的影响

目的探讨对侧颈动脉闭塞对颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）围手术期疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2000年1月—2011年9月共296例于首都医科大学宣武医院因颈动脉狭窄行一侧CEA术患者的临床资料。根据是否伴有对侧颈动脉闭塞分为对侧闭塞组17例,对侧未闭塞组279例。分析两组术中应用转流管情况及术后30 d内的疗效。结果①对侧闭塞组术中转流管应用率为47.1%（8/17）,高于对侧未闭塞组的18.3%（51/279）,差异有统计学意义,P=0.010。②对侧闭塞组应用转流管的8例患者中,前交通动脉开放的有4例（4/8）,未用转流管的9例中,前交通动脉开放的有2例（2/9）,P=0.335。对侧闭塞组应用转流管的患者中,后交通动脉开放的有3例（3/8）,未用转流管者中后交通动脉开放的有9例（9/9）,差异有统计学意义,P=0.009。③279例对侧未闭塞组中,术后30 d卒中的发生率为3.2%（9/279）,病死率为1.4%（4/279）,脑神经损伤、心脏并发症的发生率均为3.6%（10/279）;对侧闭塞组除2例（11.8%）发生心脏并发症外,无其他并发症发生,但两组并发症及病死率的比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论伴有对侧颈动脉闭塞的患者,在CEA术中会增加转流管应用的比例,尤其是后交通动脉未开放的患者,但并不增加围手术期并发症及死亡的风险。     

颈动脉内膜切除术中转流管的应用及侧支代偿对其的影响

目的探讨颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）中转流管应用的优缺点,以及对侧颈动脉闭塞及前、后交通动脉开放对其的影响。方法回顾性分析2000年1月—2011年9月共308例CEA病例,根据是否应用转流管分为两组,转流组63例,未转流组245例。比较两组术中微栓子数量,术后卒中及死亡率。比较两组中对侧颈动脉狭窄程度以及前、后交通动脉开放的比例,分析其对转流管应用的影响。结果①转流组患者微栓子的中位数为25个,未转流组为10个,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。②术后1个月内缺血事件的发生率,转流组患者卒中1例（1.6%）,无一例死亡;未转流患者卒中6例（2.4%）,死亡4例（1.6%）。两组的卒中及病死率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。③术前对侧颈动脉狭窄的程度,转流组患者中有8例闭塞,8例重度狭窄,47例轻中度狭窄或无狭窄。未转流组患者中,分别为9、36、200例。两组闭塞率（12.7%比3.7%）比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前前交通动脉及后交通动脉均未开放的患者,转流组有35例（55.6%）,未转流组有81例（33.1%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 CEA中使用转流管虽增加微栓子的数量,但并未增加围手术期卒中及死亡率。术前伴有对侧颈动脉闭塞的患者或前、后交通动脉均未开放的患者,使用转流管的比例明显高于其他患者。     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

异丙酚在小儿脑脊膜膨出手术麻醉中的应用

1 对象和方法 1.1 对象本组男15例,女25例,生后1个月内手术者2例,2～3个月13例,4～6个月9例,7～12个月12例,1～3岁3例,12岁1例.体重3～45 kg.术前体温正常,无贫血.     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

氯诺昔康用于骨科手术术后70例患者的自控镇痛

氯诺昔康是一种新的非甾体抗炎药,可用于手术后镇痛.为了解其镇痛疗效,本试验把不同剂量的氯诺昔康与小剂量芬太尼静脉配伍应用,观察其疗效,报道如下.