Deep learning with biopsy whole slide images for pretreatment prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer：A multicenter study

IntroductionPredicting pathological complete response (pCR) for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial in establishing individualized treatment. Whole-slide images (WSIs) of tumor tissues reflect the histopathologic information of the tumor, which is important for therapeutic response effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether predictive information for pCR could be detected from WSIs.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively collected data from four cohorts of 874 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven breast cancer. A deep learning pathological model (DLPM) was constructed to predict pCR using biopsy WSIs in the primary cohort, and it was then validated in three external cohorts. The DLPM could generate a deep learning pathological score (DLPs) for each patient; stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were selected for comparison with DLPs.ResultsThe WSI feature-based DLPM showed good predictive performance with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 among the cohorts. Alternatively, the combination of the DLPM and clinical characteristics offered a better prediction performance (AUC >0.70) in all cohorts. We also evaluated the performance of DLPM in three different breast subtypes with the best prediction for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (AUC: 0.73). Moreover, DLPM combined with clinical characteristics and stromal TILs achieved the highest AUC in the primary cohort (AUC: 0.82) and validation cohort 1 (AUC: 0.80).ConclusionOur study suggested that WSIs integrated with deep learning could potentially predict pCR to NAC in breast cancer. The predictive performance will be improved by combining clinical characteristics. DLPs from DLPM can provide more information compared to stromal TILs for pCR prediction.     

医疗护理安全与护士的职业道德

目的:探讨医疗护理安全与护士职业道德水平的关系。方法:分析目前护理不安全因素,寻找相应对策。结果:医疗护理安全大大提高,医疗纠纷发生率明显下降。结论:在医疗护理安全活动中,护理安全担当着一个重要角色。通过对护士进行职业道德教育、素质教育及法制教育等措施,提高了医疗、护理安全,减少了医疗纠纷发生。     

小腿骨折合并严重软组织缺损的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨应用显微外科技术治疗小腿骨折合并严重软组织缺损的合理方式。方法 早期彻底清创，重建肢体血运，选择髓内钉、外固定支架及钢板固定骨折及应用各种不同的皮瓣和肌皮瓣修复小腿骨折合并严重软组织缺损75例。结果 术后皮瓣1例因感染坏死，其余全部成活，随访6个月～4年，皮瓣外形及肢体功能恢复比较满意。结论 骨折的合理固定和应用显微外科技术对小腿骨折合并严重软组织缺损的治疗，可以取得良好的疗效，大大减少了小腿截肢率和并发症的发生。     

低体重先天性心脏病婴幼儿术后监护体会

目的 探讨低体重婴幼儿先天性心脏病的术后监护方法，以提高手术成功率。方法对142例15kg以下的先天性心脏病低体重婴幼儿（3岁以下）术后根据其生理特点，严密做好循环系统、呼吸系统、引流管、感染等监护措施，防止相关并发症的发生。结果 全组术后住院死亡6例，死亡率4．2％；术后并发症15例，发生率为10．6％，包括低心排出量综合征、呼吸衰竭、心律失常、肺部感染、出血等。结论 婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后根据其生理特点进行循环系统、呼吸系统、引流管、感染等监护，可有效降低术后并发症的发生，是提高手术成功率和治愈率的关键。     

食管贲门癌术后经鼻肠管肠内营养应用体会

目的探讨食管癌术后经鼻肠管肠内营养的应用价值及最佳实施方法。方法总结并分析114例食管贲门癌切除术后经鼻肠管肠内营养病例资料。结果全部病例均完成留置鼻肠管，术后因脱管、患者拒绝、滴饲后出现腹胀未能够完成滴饲者24例，能够顺利完成滴饲者90例。术后吻合口瘘5例（颈瘘3例，胸瘘1例，纵隔瘘1例），严重肺部感染1例，心律失常心衰2例，切口感染1例。结论食管癌术后经鼻肠管肠内营养有利于降低食管癌患者术后风险，较经空肠造口途径为优，经熟练掌握其要领后，患者均可顺利使用。     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折

目的评价骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折的临床效果。方法总结应用本术式治疗的高龄、有明显骨质疏松的20例股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折患者临床资料，并与传统内固定术进行比较。结果18例术后随访2～24个月，髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平，无一例因手术并发症死亡，术后开始负重行走时间7～30d。结论该手术方法具有功能恢复好，并发症少，能早期离床活动等优点，手术危险性不比其他内固定术大。     

系统性红斑狼疮贫血与促红细胞生成素

目的　探讨促红细胞生成素 (EPO)与系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)贫血的关系。方法　测定 36例SLE贫血患者血清EPO(s EPO)水平 ,分析其与血红蛋白 (Hb)的相关性。结果　SLE贫血患者s EPO水平4 4 2 ( 7 8～ 192 2 )U/L ,明显高于正常对照组 4 2 ( 0 74～ 18 4 )U/L及SLE非贫血患者 6 8( 1 2～ 2 9 7)U/L ,但低于慢性失血所致缺铁性贫血 (IDA)患者 93( 15 5～ 389 2 )U/L(P <0 0 5 )。SLE贫血组和IDA组Hb与s EPO水平呈负相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　SLE贫血患者s EPO水平相对降低可能是SLE贫血的原因之一。     

HPLC-MS法研究碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇在兔体内的药代动力学

目的:研究碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇(F2)在兔体内的药代动力学过程.方法:6只新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射碘化N-正丁基氟哌啶醇(F2)2.0 mg·kg-1后采集血样,用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS)联用技术测定血浆药物浓度,并用3p97软件拟合计算药代动力学参数.结果和结论:兔耳缘静脉给药后的血药浓度-时间曲线符合二室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:分布半衰期T1/2α是0.10 h,消除半衰期T1/2β是6.4 h,曲线下面积AUC为183μg·h-1·L-1,中央室分布容积Vc为4 L,清除率Cl为12.9 L·h-1.HPLC-MS联用方法测定F2血药浓度,灵敏度高,专属性强.     

氯吡格雷与丹参粉针治疗慢性脑供血不足的临床效果比较

目的比较氯吡格雷与丹参粉针治疗慢性脑供血不足的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供实践依据。方法选取我院2009-05—2012-12收治的120例慢性脑供血不足患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为A组与B组各60例,A组给予氯吡格雷治疗,B组给予丹参粉针剂治疗,连续治疗2周为1个疗程,比较临床疗效及血液流变学水平变化。结果治疗1个疗程后,A组总有效率91.7%,B组68.6%,A组明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.063,P<0.01)。2组治疗前各项血液流变学指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后A组患者各项指标均较治疗前、B组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组出现轻微牙龈出血3例,给予减量后消失;B组无明显不良反应发生。结论氯吡格雷治疗慢性脑供血不足效果更加理想,值得推广应用。     

Single-centre comparison of procedural complications,clinical outcome,and angiographic follow-up between coiling and stent-assisted coiling for posterior communicating artery aneurysms

Aneurysm recurrence is a principle limitation of endovascular coiling procedures, especially in posterior communicating artery aneurysms, with reported recurrence rates of >30%. The adjunctive use of self-expandable stents has revolutionised the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially for complex morphologies, wide necks, or unfavourable dome-to-neck ratios. However, there are limited data concerning a direct comparison between simple coiling and stent-assisted coiling in posterior communicating artery aneurysms. This study aimed to compare the durability and outcomes of coiling versus stent-assisted coiling procedures. Imaging data of patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms treated with coiling or stent-assisted coiling between January 2008 and October 2012 were retrospectively analysed. The initial angiographic results, procedural complications, and clinical outcomes were assessed at discharge. Imaging follow-up was performed with cerebral angiography. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved on initial angiography in 23/56 (41.1%) stent and 83/235 (35.3%) non-stent patients. At the latest follow-up (mean follow-up 14.3 ± 10.4 months for stent and 13.2 ± 9.5 months for non-stent patients), aneurysms had recurred in 5/47 (10.6%) stent and 57/203 (28.1%) non-stent patients (p = 0.014). Procedural complications occurred in 6/56 (10.7%) stent and 27/235 (11.5%) non-stent aneurysms. No rebleeding occurred during clinical follow-up (mean duration, 46.7 months). Recurrence rates at the latest follow-up were significantly lower in patients undergoing stent-assisted coiling than those undergoing simple coiling. Thus, use of the stent-assisted neck remodelling technique in the treatment of wide-necked posterior communicating artery intracranial aneurysms appears to improve the long-term clinical outcome.