Metabolic pathway analyses identify proline biosynthesis pathway as a promoter of liver tumorigenesis

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鼻咽癌调强放疗致急性放射性口干的剂量学研究

目的 探讨鼻咽癌调强放疗所致急性放射性口干与放疗剂量的关系。方法 收集2013年12月至2014年7月接受调强放疗的109例鼻咽癌患者,分析患者的一般临床资料及双侧腮腺、双侧下颌下腺、双侧涎腺(双侧腮腺+双侧下颌下腺)的照射剂量等数据。在放疗结束时根据口干程度把患者分为非重度口干组(57例)和重度口干组(52例),并对两组之间的一般资料以及相关的剂量学因素进行比较分析。记录双侧腮腺接受15~50 Gy照射剂量的体积百分比,采用Logistic多因素回归法分析急性重度口干的独立预测因子,并用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析其诊断界值点。结果 至放疗结束,所有入组患者重度口干的发生率为47.7%(52/109)。临床因素的分析提示年龄、黏膜炎、化疗方式均与急性重度放射性口干的发生无关。非重度口干组和重度口干组剂量学指标比较的结果显示,两组平均剂量差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.179、-6.055、-2.293,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,V₃₄是判断急性重度放射性口干的独立预测因素。V₃₄的ROC曲线表明:V₃₄=49%对重度放射性口干预测的敏感度和特异度分别为71.2%和75.4% (OR=1.231,P<0.05,95%CI:1.116~1.357)。结论 在鼻咽癌调强放疗计划中,双侧腮腺的V₃₄是重度急性放射性口干的独立预测因子,可以作为评估发生急性重度放射性口干发生风险的剂量学指标。     

Development of pre and post-operative models to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection

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CD26 a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise a tumor subpopulation responsible for tumor maintenance, resistance to chemotherapy, recurrence and metastasis. The identification of this cell group is very important, but there is still no consensus on its characterization. Several CSC markers have been described, like CD133, CD24, CD44 and ALDH1, but more research to identify new markers to facilitate the identification of CSC in a heterogeneous tumoral mass is required. Thus, this article describes the CD26 expression as a CSC marker and the role that it plays in different types of cancer. CD26 expression correlates with some characteristics of CSCs, like the formation of spheres in vitro, formation of new tumors, and resistance to chemotherapy. CD26 is therefore suggested as an auxiliary marker for CSC in different types of cancer, and as a potential therapeutic target.     

胰腺癌相关脑梗死的临床特点及发病机制探讨

目的　初步探讨胰腺癌相关脑梗死的临床特点及可能的发病机制。方法　纳入2008年1月—2018年12月在广西医科大学第一附属医院及附属肿瘤医院治疗的胰腺癌相关脑梗死患者（胰腺癌尚未治愈,合并急性脑梗死且不伴有传统卒中因素）为胰腺癌相关脑梗死（PCCI）组,并按照1∶1比例收集同期年龄、性别匹配的单纯胰腺癌患者为（PC）组,对比分析2组患者临床资料。结果　PCCI组共纳入30例患者,其中性粒细胞绝对值、D-二聚体、CA125、CA199水平高于PC组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。PCCI组中24例（80.00%）表现为多个动脉供血区域的多发梗死灶,14例（46.67%）最大梗死灶直径≤2 cm,10例（33.33%）最大梗死灶直径为2~5 cm。20例（66.67%）在确诊胰腺癌后6个月内发生急性脑梗死。3例（10.00%）以急性脑梗死为首发表现,在住院期间确诊为胰腺癌。脑梗死TOAST分型以小动脉闭塞型及原因不明型为主。多因素Logistic回归分析显示血浆D-二聚体＞0.5 mg/L及CA199＞120 mg/L是PCCI的独立危险因素。结论　胰腺癌相关脑梗死发生机制可能与血液高凝状态、血管内微小血栓形成有关。     

华南区域自然人群慢性非传染性疾病前瞻性队列研究建设概况

随着生活行为方式、自然和社会环境的急剧变化, 我国慢性非传染性疾病(慢性病)的流行现状及相关危险因素也发生了巨大的改变。全国各地各类慢性病的流行特征及其危险因素分布不尽相同, 而华南地区独特的气候、饮食及生活方式对慢性病发生发展的影响至今尚不明确。因此, 亟需通过区域性大型队列的建设, 为区域重大疾病的病因学研究、早期预测和干预策略提供本土化人群证据, 也为国家重大慢性病防治策略的制定提供依据。华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列于2017年12月正式启动, 覆盖广东省、广西壮族自治区、福建省和海南省, 以35～74岁常住居民为主要研究对象, 包括城市与农村、汉族与以壮族为代表的少数民族多类型自然人群。本队列围绕华南区域常见重大慢性病建立集健康信息和生物样本为一体的精准医学大数据平台, 并开展长期随访。现已建立116 520人的基线数据库, 年龄为(54.9±12.5)岁, 女性71 077人(61.0%)。基线数据库包括问卷调查、体格检查数据以及生物样本。本文对华南区域自然人群慢性病前瞻性队列设计的理念、研究进展和随访设想作简要介绍。     

Outcomes of anatomical versus non-anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma according to circulating tumour-cell status

Abstract

Background and aims: Hepatic resection is the first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether to perform anatomical (AR) or non-anatomical resection (NAR) remains controversial. This retrospective study compares the outcomes according to the number and type of circulating tumour cells (CTCs).

Methods: The cohort included 136 patients with HCC treated with R0 resection between 2014 and 2017. CanPatrol CTC-enrichment technique was used to enrich and classify CTCs according to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype.

Results: 91.91% of total patients were CTC-positive, with 91.23% in the AR group and 92.41% in the NAR group. Tumour-free survival (TFS) did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, TFS was significantly higher in patients with low CTCs count and mesenchymal- and epithelial/mesenchymal-negative phenotypes. As for the incidence and types of recurrence, high pre-resection CTC count and mesenchymal- and epithelial/mesenchymal-positivity were significantly associated with extrahepatic and multi-intrahepatic recurrence. Higher morbidities for hepatic failure and ascites were observed in patients treated by AR.

Conclusion: AR may be more beneficial than NAR only in patients with low CTC count and mesenchymal- and epithelial/mesenchymal-negative phenotypes. For patients with a high CTC count, the balance between operative risk and prognostic benefit is more important than the resection method performed.

• Key messages

• Anatomic resection may improve the survival of HCC patients, but only those with low CTC count and negative M- and E/M-CTC phenotypes.

• CTC analysis before surgery can be used to better guide the choice of resection method for HCC.