国内外学术期刊开放存取出版环境比较

分析了国内外开放存取出版的特征及意义,从开放存取政策、科研管理评价体制和科研人员的认识、期刊管理体制与经营模式、开放出版期刊及论文传播途径等6个方面对国内外学术期刊开放存取出版环境进行了对比,以了解我国学术期刊实现开放存取出版的优势和面临的困难,并提出其未来发展的措施。     

科研评价政策导向与医学期刊的发展

科技期刊的核心竞争力在于稿件质量,但目前大部分科技期刊都面临着稿源数量与质量未能同步上升的困境。本文分析了科技期刊存在的几种稿源困境,如投稿数量多,可用稿件少;自投稿件多,组稿策划少;约稿稿件未能达到发表要求,重复投稿多等问题,并针对这些问题,提出了明确期刊定位、优化栏目设置、优化编辑流程、集中编辑精力、严把审稿关确保稿件质量、精心策划热点选题拓展组稿渠道、培育核心作者群等组稿优化策略。     

学者的学术影响力评价方法

以学者的文献信息为基础介绍了主观评价法、文献计量法、社会网络分析法和综合评价法等4种学者学术影响力评价方法,通过对上述评价方法特点和应用现状的研究分析,探讨了学者学术影响力评价方法的发展趋势。     

改良颅内加压法家兔脑死亡模型建立及其状态的维持?

目的 探寻改良颅内加压法制作兔脑死亡模型及维持脑死亡状态的方法。方法 新西兰大白兔15只,随机分成2组:假手术组(B组,n=6),仅颅内插管,行麻醉维持;脑死亡组(A组,n=9),通过改良的颅内加压法制作脑死亡模型。记录平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的变化。通过呼吸机和血管活性药物将生命体征维持在某一可控水平。结果 A组9只兔中8只建模成功,在颅内加压过程中随着颅内压力的增高,MAP和HR呈波浪状逐渐升高。麻醉状态下和脑死亡时MAP峰值分别为(80.63±8.45) mmHg、(111.63±7.71) mmHg,二者相比有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。麻醉状态下、脑死亡时和脑死亡后2 h的HR分别为(153.25±14.35) 次/min、(262.38±16.60) 次/min和(218.50±10.27) 次/min,三者之间两两相比具有统计学差异(P < 0.05)。结论 与传统术式相比,改良后的方法可以稳定、可靠地建立兔脑死亡模型;通过及时有效的呼吸、循环支持,脑死亡状态可以长时间维持。     

PreS deletion profiles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are associated with clinical presentations of chronic HBV infection

BackgroundThe association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1 and preS2 deletions with progressive liver diseases are not fully understood.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate characteristics of HBV preS deletion in HBV-infected patients with different illness categories.Study designTotal of 539 HBV-infected patients were enrolled in the study, including 146 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 111 with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), 146 with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and 136 with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PreS deletion was determined by sequencing. Replicons containing representative preS1 and preS2 deletion mutants and wild-type were respectively constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells for phenotypic analysis.ResultsThe detection rates of overall preS deletion were 15.8%, 26.1%, 24.0%, and 34.6% in CHB, LC, ACLF, and HCC patients, respectively. PreS1 deletion was most frequently detected in LC patients while preS2 deletion was most frequently detected in HCC patients, both frequencies were significantly higher than that in CHB patients (17.1% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.01; 19.1% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.01). The deletion patterns across preS gene were different among the 4 illness categories. Compared with wild-type strain, the preS1 deletion mutant had defected preS1 expression, significantly decreased viral mRNA level and SP II promoter activity; while preS2 deletion mutant had defected preS2 expression, and significantly decreased viral mRNA level.ConclusionsHBV preS deletion was associated with advancement of liver diseases not only presented in preS deletion incidence, but also in the deletion pattern. Patients with preS2 deletion might have a higher risk to develop HCC.     

1例伊立替康致迟发性腹泻的病例分析

摘 要 目的： 探讨1例伊立替康导致的迟发性腹泻。方法: 分析导致患者发生迟发性腹泻的原因,机制,遗传因素和治疗。结果: 迟发性腹泻是伊立替康的剂量限制性毒性,与其代谢产物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱（SN-38）的细胞毒性有关。基因多态性是伊立替康相关迟发性腹泻的重要因素之一。该患者腹泻的治疗方案安全有效,临床药师在治疗过程中发挥了重要作用。结论:加强伊立替康用药患者的药学监护十分重要。     

心肌肌钙蛋白I、肌红蛋白在急性心肌梗塞早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）、肌红蛋白（Ｍｂ）在急性心肌梗塞早期诊断中的价值。方法对胸痛发作后４～６ｈ的２７例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者,２５例健康者,２８例非急性心肌梗塞患者的血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）和肌红蛋白（Ｍｂ）进行测定。结果ＡＭＩ组血清ｃＴｎＩ值明显高于健康组及其它对照组,差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）ＡＭＩ组Ｍｂ值显著高于正常值,除骨骼肌损伤组Ｍｂ有明显开高外,其它对照组测定值均在正常范围以内,与ＡＭＩ组有明显差异（Ｐ＜００１）。ｃＴｎＩ及Ｍｂ的灵敏性明显高于ＣＫ－ＭＢ。结论ｃＴｎＩ是诊断ＡＭＩ较理想的指标,同时测Ｍｂ可对ＡＭＩ的早期诊断提供一种较ＣＫ－ＭＢ更为经济、快速、可靠的生化指标,具有临床应用价值。     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子保护成形术后血管内皮功能实验研究

目的探讨酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（ａＦＧＦ）对实验性髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型兔在血管成形后给予内皮依赖性、非依赖性血管舒张功能的影响及对再狭窄的预防作用。方法建立髂动脉狭窄兔模型６０只,２０只用于成形前（１０只）和成形后即刻（１０只）管腔面积的组织学分析。余４０只兔随机分成２组,ａＦＧＦ组和对照组,血管成形后４周两组兔均处死,行体外血管反应性测试及管腔面积的组织学分析。结果由乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性最大舒张反应（Ｅｍａｘ）在ａＦＧＦ组［（４１±８）％］大于对照组［（１２±９）％,Ｐ＜００５］;由硝普钠诱导的内皮非依赖性血管最大舒张反应在ａＦＧＦ组［（８８％±７）％］大于对照组［（６６±５）％,Ｐ＜００５］。血管成形后４周对照组腔面积［（０５４±０２６）ｍｍ２］小于ａＦＧＦ组［（１０８±０３２）ｍｍ２,Ｐ＜００５］,比成形后即刻［（１２０±０２８）ｍｍ２］狭窄５５％。结论实验性髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型兔血管成形后给予ａＦＧＦ,在促进内皮依赖性及非依赖性血管舒张功能恢复的同时,有预防成形血管近期再狭窄发生的作用。     

Preparation and properties of new unilamellar non-ionic/ionic surfactant vesicles

Non-ionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs) were prepared from polysorbate 20 and cholesterol by means of two different methods: by direct sonication of an aqueous dispersion of the various components (bulk) or by solubilization of the components, evaporation of the organic solvent to form a film inside the vessel used for the preparation and then by sonication (film). The influence of the preparation technique on the properties of the obtained structures was studied. Vesicles with bigger dimensions and higher entrapment efficiency were obtained when sonication was carried out after the film formation.Vesicle formation in the presence of ionic surfactants was investigated in order to evaluate the effect of charged components on vesicle dimensions, entrapment efficiency and stability. Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDOA) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPy) were used to introduce a positive charge in the vesicle structure, while dicetylphosphate (DCP) was used for a negative charge. Better resistance to osmotic stress and higher entrapment efficiency values were obtained with vesicles containing DCP and CPy.     

人体踝关节跖屈时光弹性应力实验分析

 采用光弹性应力分析法,分析踝关节在不同跖屈位置时,胫骨一距骨负重区的位置、大小以及胫距关节接触应力的分布状况,实验结果表明,踝关节在跖屈7°时,接触应力分布面积最大,压应力最小,且分布均匀;在跖屈大于19°时,接触应力分布面积开始减少,压应力增大;在跖屈大于43°时,接触应力分布面积明显减少,压应力明显增大.从中揭示,从应力观点看,踝关节在跖屈0°～19°时,为最佳负重角度范围;跖屈大于43°时,踝关节应力集中,易发生疲劳性损伤.