69份苦玄参种质SSR遗传多样性及品质性状相关标记分析

目的:采用简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记技术对广西苦玄参主产区69份苦玄参种质样本进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析,并筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的优良种质基因。为苦玄参种质资源评价、遗传进化分析及分子标记辅助育种等提供依据。方法:基于转录组测序技术,开发20对引物进行批量扩增。利用各标记位点的遗传多态信息,分析69份苦玄参种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,并通过一元线性和多元逐步回归分析,筛选与苦玄参苷含量相关联的分子标记。结果:20对SSR引物共扩增出76个等位基因,平均每个位点观测等位基因3.8个,高于有效等位基因数(1.9692个),稀有等位基因率为38.2%,等位基因分布不均匀。等位基因多态率范围为0~59%,平均38.24%,各位点多态率差异较大。各位点多态信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0~0.6211,平均0.3780;Shannon多态性信息指数变化范围为0~1.2401,平均0.7590;Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei)变化范围为0~0.6823,平均0.4409;以上3个指标最高的为P21,最低为P7,各位点遗传多样性存在较大差异。各位点平均观测杂合度为0.3824,低于平均期望杂合度(0.4425),表现为杂合子缺失;平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.3659;基因流Nm平均值为0.4332,种质遗传分化较大,基因流较小。一元线性回归分析和多元逐步回归分析结果表明,与苦玄参苷IA和IB相关的位点各有5个,其中仅有1个位点与2个成分的含量均相关。结论:20个SSR标记位点遗传多样性存在较大的差异,供试69份种质遗传分化大,基因流较小;从供试20个SSR标记中筛选出9个与苦玄参苷含量相关联的标记位点,试验结果可为苦玄参遗传进化分析及良种选育和繁育等提供依据。     

纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药系统诊治动脉粥样硬化的机遇与挑战

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,粥样斑块慢性聚集并沉积于大中型动脉内膜,导致严重的狭窄和血运障碍,引发组织器官缺血缺氧。纳米药物相对于传统药物在动脉粥样硬化治疗中因其具有独特的优势而广泛受到关注。本文重点综述几种纳米靶向颗粒（系统）和外泌体靶向载药系统在抗动脉粥样硬化研究中的应用,简述代表性纳米材料的合成过程,对其靶向性进行分析,并概述纳米药物的益处和内在挑战。尽管面临着一些需要解决和完善的挑战,但是纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药治疗的前景广阔,并有望将其推广应用于临床实践中。     

Directional screening and identification of potential cytotoxic components from Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface palsmon resonance and chromatography

Objective: To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medicinal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor and chromatographic isolation technology. Methods: Under the guidance of bioactive assessment based on binding abilities between objects and the α-Mannosidase (α-Man) target, the active components from different solvents extracts, different polar extraction parts and fractions were screened orderly and directionally using SPR. Components with a high binding ability to α-Man can be precisely oriented in a narrower fractions range and are easy to isolate. Three human cancer cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of component with the highest affinity to α-Man. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identificated from A. inebrians for the first time. Deoxyvasicinone possessed the highest affinity to α-Man among them. Moreover, deoxyvasicinone showed good effects on inhibited proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2 (IC50 = 5.7 μmol/L), human breast cancer cells MCF7 (IC50 = 7.21 μmol/L) and human lung cancer cells HCC827 (IC50 = 0.75 μmol/L), respectively. In particular, its inhibitory effect on HCC827 was stronger than the positive drug gefitinib (IC50 = 1.65 μmol/L). Conclusion: A comprehensive strategy of directional screening potential cytotoxic components from herb based on biomolecular interaction and chromatography was established. Deoxyvasicinone as an effective anti-cancer component was initially isolated from A. inebrians. It is expected that this screening strategy could provide new perspectives for rapid screening and identification of active components from natural plants with the complex matrix.     

民族药用植物毛大丁草的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

毛大丁草Gerbera piloselloides是极具特色的资源植物,被我国南方少数民族同胞广泛使用。本文对毛大丁草的民间利用、化学成分及其药理作用等方面的研究进展进行了全面回顾,总结了我国13个少数民族和汉族的相关传统知识。归纳了从毛大丁草中分离鉴定的83个化合物,包括香豆素类、萜类、黄酮类、糖苷类、苯乙酮类、甾醇类等化合物,这些化合物具有镇咳、祛痰、平喘、抗菌、抗肿瘤、子宫镇痛、免疫调节、美白等活性。近年来毛大丁草的研究主要集中于化学成分和主要生物活性等方面,具体的作用机理、生物合成途径以及民族药相关产品开发等方面仍有待进一步探究。该文系统地总结分析了毛大丁草的相关研究成果,为进一步研究与开发该资源提供线索。      

Efficacy of Risperidone in Managing Maladaptive Behaviors for Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

IntroductionAtypical antipsychotic agents are widely used psychopharmacological interventions for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Among the atypical antipsychotic agents, risperidone has demonstrated considerable benefits in reducing several behavioral symptoms associated with ASDs. This meta-analysis examined research regarding the effectiveness of risperidone use among children with ASD using articles published since the year 2000.MethodsThe database for the analyses comprised 22 studies including 16 open-label and six placebo-controlled studies. Based on the quality, sample size, and study design of studies prior to 2000, the database was then restricted to articles published after the year 2000. Effect sizes were calculated for each reported measure within a study to calculate an average effect size per study.ResultsThe mean effect size for the database was 1.047 and the sample weighted mean effect size was 1.108, with a variance of 0.18.ConclusionsOutcome measures demonstrated mean improvement in problematic behaviors equaling one standard deviation, and thus current evidence supports the effectiveness of risperidone in managing behavioral problems and symptoms for children with ASD. Although Risperdal has several adverse effects, most are manageable or extremely rare. An exception is rapid weight gain, which is common and can create significant health problems. Overall, for most children with autism and irritable and aggressive behavior, risperidone is an effective psychopharmacological treatment.     

苦玄参转录组EST-SSR引物开发及群体遗传多样性分析

目的研究18个苦玄参种群的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,为苦玄参的资源评价及开发利用提供依据。方法采用EST-SSR引物开发技术,利用SSR分子标记,分析18个种群的遗传多样性,并基于遗传距离对其进行聚类分析,明确各种群间的亲缘关系。结果从100对EST-SSR标记中,筛选出具有多态性的引物48对。随机抽取20对具有多态性的引物对18个种群进行扩增,共扩增出71个等位基因,平均每对引物3.55个。各引物间多态位点百分数(P)为0～40.7%,平均19.9%;多态信息含量(PIC)为0～0.794 1,平均0.397 7;Shannon信息指数(I)为0～1.814 3,平均0.808 4。观测杂合度(Obs_Het)为0～0.442 3,平均值0.212 7;预期杂合度(Exp_Het)变化范围0～0.826 9,平均值0.455 8。18个种群群内近交系数(Fis)值为-0.095 3～0.663 9,平均0.159 2;总群体内亚群间近交系数(Fit)值为0.062 6～0.858 7,平均0.537 2;遗传分化系数(Fst)为0～0.686,平均0.449 6。基因流(Nm)在0.114 4～0.759 4,平均值为0.306 1。各种群基因多样性指数(Nei)为0～0.401 6、I为0～0.620 9,广西梧州最高,云南普洱龙潭乡最低。云南景洪勐龙镇和云南景洪景哈乡遗传距离最近,仅0.031 9;广西龙州和云南勐海县打洛镇遗传距离最大,为0.963 8。在遗传距离0.321 3处,可将18个种群分成4个群体,其中广西3个种群归入同一群体,云南勐满镇、勐伦镇及勐遮镇归为同一个群体,第3个群体为云南勐海县勐宋乡,其余种群归入第4个群体。结论 18个种群遗传分化水平不一致,各种群杂合度差异较大。种群间Nm较小,群体基因交换不大;群体内存在一定的近交率,种群亲缘关系受地理隔离影响较大。     

中药在TGF-β信号通路抑制肺纤维化中的 作用研究进展

肺纤维化是一种严重致死性疾病,其发病并非单一机制。上皮间质转化（EMT）是肺纤维化发生和发展的重要过程,在这个过程中TGF-β信号通路是其发展的重要机制。TGF-β信号通路分为Smads通路和non-Smads通路。目前中药在治疗肺纤维化方面具有显著作用已被证实,有关其治疗肺纤维化的机制也有大量研究。本文对中药在TGF-β信号通路中的抑制作用作一综述,以期为中药治疗肺纤维化的开发和利用提供参考。     

Investigation of the differential transport mechanism of cinnabar and mercury containing compounds

BackgroundCinnabar has a long history of uses in Chinese traditional medicines as an ingredient in various remedies. However, the detailed mechanism of cinnabar in medication remains unclear, and the toxicity of cinnabar has been a debate due to its containing mercury sulfide. This study was designed to investigate the differential transport mechanism of cinnabar and other Hg-containing compounds HgCl₂, MeHg and HgS, and to determine if organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 were involved in the differential transport mechanism.Materials and methodsThe 293T cells were employed to investigate and compare the differential transport mechanism of cinnabar and HgCl₂, MeHg and HgS. Cells were incubated with a low dose (5 μM HgCl₂ and MeHg, 200 μM HgS and cinnabar), medium dose (10 μM HgCl₂ and MeHg, 400 μM HgS and cinnabar), and high dose (20 μM HgCl₂ and MeHg, 800 μM HgS and cinnabar) of HgCl₂, MeHg, HgS and cinnabar for 24 h. Following treatment, the cells were collected and the cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The intracellular mercury content was measured at 1, 4, and 24 h after treatment with 10 μM of the tested agents by an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. The effect of these tested agents on mitochondrial respiration was determined in a high-resolution oxygraphyat 24 h following treatment. Furthermore, the effect of modulation of expression of transporters OAT1 and OAT3 on the transport and cytotoxicity of the tested agents was evaluated. The up and down regulation of OAT1 and OAT3 were achieved by overexpression and siRNA transfection, respectively.ResultsCompared with HgCl₂ and MeHg, the cytotoxicity of cinnabar and HgS was lower, with cell viability at the high dose cinnabar and HgS being about 65%, while MeHg and HgCl₂ were 40% and 20%, respectively. The intracellular mercury accumulation was time-dependent. At 24 h the intracellular concentrations of HgCl₂ and MeHg were about 7 and 5 times higher, respectively, than that of cinnabar. No significant difference was found in the intracellular mercury content in cells treated with cinnabar compared to HgS. The knockdown and overexpression of the transporter OAT1 resulted in significant reduction and increase, respectively, in mercury accumulation in HgCl₂ -treated cells in relative to control cells, while no significant changes were observed in cells treated with cinnabar, MeHg, and HgS. In addition, the knockdown and overexpression of the transporter OAT3 caused significant reduction and increase, respectively, in mercury accumulation in both HgCl₂ and MeHg-treated cells in relative to control cells, while no significant changes were observed in cells treated with cinnabar and HgS. Furthermore, it was found that cells transfected with siOAT1 caused significant resistance to the cytotoxicity induced by HgCl₂, while no noticeable changes in cell viability were observed in cells treated with other tested agents. Additionally, cells transfected with OAT3 did not change cell sensitivity to cytotoxicity induced by all of the four tested agents.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that differential transport and accumulation of mercury in 293T cells exists among cinnabar and the three mercury-containing compounds HgCl₂, MeHg and HgS, leading to distinct sensitivity to mercury induced cytotoxicity. The kidney organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 are partially involved in the regulation of the transport of HgCl₂ and MeHg, but not in the regulation of the transport of cinnabar.