国人胎儿胸腺的生长发育

称量了14—38周共56例引产胎儿胸腺的重量并观察了6—38周共25例引产胎儿胸腺的组织结构,认为胸腺在胚胎时期生长速度较快。光镜观察,6周已出现胸腺的始基,第9周开始出现淋巴细胞,12周开始分叶,13周以后,皮质髓质渐趋分明并出现胸腺小体,15周后胸腺小叶增多变宽,新小叶形成旺盛,胸腺小体增多,至28周后结构已近似成熟。     

大鼠颌下腺切除对CCl4所致肝损伤修复的影响

实验大鼠分为颌下切除＋ＣＣｌ４组，假手术＋ＣＣｌ４对照组及正常对照组，结果假手术＋ＣＣｌ４第２ｄ时Ⅲ带细胞轻度受损，第４ｄ、８ｄ时受损面积略大，第１２ｄ时大部分细胞恢复，而颌下腺切除＋ＣＣｌ４组则损伤明显，第８ｄ时胞质极度稀疏，１２ｄ时大部分细胞尚未恢复，与假手术组比较，该组Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ反应略弱，ＰＡＳ反应减弱，第４～８ｄ时较明显，Ｇ－６－Ｐ，ＳＤＨ活性均减弱。结果表明颌下腺切除导致内源性表皮生     

Translating genomic insights into cardiovascular medicine: Opportunities and challenges of CRISPR-Cas9

The growing appreciation of human genetics and genomics in cardiovascular disease (CVD) accompanied by the technological breakthroughs in genome editing, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, has presented an unprecedented opportunity to explore the application of genome editing in cardiovascular medicine. The ever-growing genome editing toolbox includes an assortment of CRISPR-Cas systems with increasing efficiency, precision, flexibility, and targeting capacity. Over the past decade, the advent of large-scale genotyping technologies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has provided numerous genotype-phenotype associations for diseases with complex traits. Notably, a growing number of loss-of-function mutations have been associated with favorable CVD risk-factor profiles that may confer protection. Combining the newly gained insights of human genetics with recent breakthrough technologies, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, holds great promise in elucidating novel disease mechanisms and transforming genes into medicines. Nonetheless, translating genetic insights into novel therapeuties remains challenging. Applications of “in body” genome editing for CVD treatment and engineering cardioprotection remain mostly theoretical. Here we highlight the recent advances of the CRISPR-based genome editing toolbox and discuss the potential and challenges of CRISPR-based technologies for translating GWAS findings into genomic medicines.     

一重与多重脑震荡大鼠伤后14 d的焦虑行为变化

  目的  观察一重与多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）大鼠的焦虑行为变化。  方法  成年SD大鼠50只，用单摆闭合性脑损伤打击装置复制大鼠一重脑震荡（pure cerebral concussion，PCC）和多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）模型，另设一正常对照组（normal，N）每组12只大鼠。于损伤后第14天进行旷场实验（open field test，OFT）和高架十字迷宫实验（high plus maze，HPM）检测，评估其焦虑行为变化。  结果  （1）在OFT实验中:① PCC组和3 MCC组在中央区行走格数为[9.500（6.50，16.75）]格、[5.00（3.50，9.00）]格，N组为[10.00（7.00，17.88）]格。损伤组在中央区行走的格数与停留时间均少于对照组，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.024，P = 0.033）。② PCC组和3 MCC组在周边区行走格数为[54.50（26.88，62.25）]格、[65.00（28.50，81.00）]格，N组为[33.00（1.13，51.50）]格。损伤组在周边区（surround areas，SA）行走格数和时间均高于对照组，3 MCC组与N组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组梳理毛发频次为（4.20±1.03）次、（2.44±0.73）次，N组为（5.20±1.62）次。损伤组梳理毛发次数均少于N组，且3 MCC组较N组与PCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.013，P = 0.019）。④各损伤组大鼠在旷场实验中CA区行走格数、行走时间与理毛次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在SA区行走格数与行走时间则呈上升趋势。（2）在HMP实验中:① PCC组和3 MCC组进入开臂次数为[1.00（0.00，1.00）]次、[0.50（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[1.00（0.00，2.00）]次。各损伤组进入开臂（open arms，OA）次数和时间均少于正常组，但各组间差异无统计学意义，P > 0.05。②损伤组在OA中向台下探索次数均少于N组，其中3 MCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.032）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组进入闭臂次数为[1.00（1.00，1.00）]次、[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次。损伤组进入闭臂（enclosed arms，EA）次数与时间均高于N组，进入EA次数，3 MCC组与PCC组比较，差异具有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）；进入EA时间，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.042，P = 0.027）。④各损伤组大鼠在高架十字迷宫实验中，进入OA臂的次数、时间与向台下探望次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在EA臂中的停留时间则呈上升趋势。  结论  一重和三重脑震荡大鼠损伤后14 d焦虑行为开始明显增加，且大鼠经历三次脑震荡后的焦虑行为重于一次性脑震荡。     

以案例为先导的比较形态学实验教学体系的构建和实践

在融合性形态学实验课程的基础上,以案例为先导,把人体的正常结构与病理变化有机地结合起来,通过比较学习人体解剖学、组织学和病理学知识,学生的学习效果得到了提升.     

当归多糖对小鼠衰老造血干细胞细胞周期蛋白的调控

目的观察当归多糖(ASP)对小鼠造血干细胞(HSC)细胞周期调控蛋白表达的影响,探讨ASP调控HSC衰老的可能机制。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、衰老组、ASP干预对照组和ASP干预衰老组,衰老组采用X线全身均匀照射,建立小鼠HSC衰老模型;ASP干预衰老组在照射期间给予ASP灌胃;对照组和ASP干预对照组分别给予NS和ASP灌胃。免疫磁珠分离HSC,β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色和混合集落培养(CFU-Mix)观察HSC生物学特性变化;流式细胞术分析细胞周期;Western blot检测P16、P21、CDK2、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达。结果与对照组比较,X线能显著增加衰老对照组HSC SA-β-Gal染色阳性率、G1期比例及P16、P21表达;降低CFU-Mix、S期比例及CDK6、CyclinD和CyclinE表达。与衰老组比较,ASP能显著抑制衰老HSC SA-β-Gal染色阳性率、G1期比例及P16和P21表达的增加;抑制S期比例、CFU-Mix、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达的减少;而对CDK2表达无影响。结论 ASP可能通过调节P16、P21、CDK6、CyclinD及CyclinE表达延缓小鼠HSC衰老。     

New classification of the distal attachment of the fibularis brevis — Anatomical variations and potential clinical implications

BackgroundAlthough the lateral compartment of the leg is characterized by a high degree of morphological variation, very little information exists on the morphological variability of the fibularis brevis muscle (FBM) and fibularis digiti quinti (FDQ). The main aim of the study was to characterize the morphology of the FBM tendon and its accessory bands, to classify them and to determine the incidence of FDQ. The work attempts to determine the relationship between the types of the insertion of the FBM tendon and the occurrence of FDQ.MethodsClassical anatomical dissection was performed on 102 lower limbs fixed in 10% formalin solution. The morphology of the insertion of the FBM and of the FDQ was evaluated.ResultsThe FBM was present in all specimens. Two types of insertion were observed, the most common being Type I (70.6%): a single distal attachment in which the tendon inserts into the tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. The second most common was Type II (29.4%); this group was divided into three subtypes (A–C). The FDQ was present in 17.7% of specimens and always with Type I FBM.ConclusionBoth the FBM tendon and FDQ present significant morphological variation. Two main types of the FBM tendon determine the presence of the FDQ.Level of evidenceII Basic Science Research.     

露蜂房纯化蛋白对急性髓系白血病患者骨髓细胞的影响

目的研究中药露蜂房纯化蛋白(nidus vespae protein-Ⅱ,NVP-Ⅱ)对急性髓系白血病(AML)患者骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)的作用并探讨其机制。方法采用NVP-Ⅱ在体外作用于AML患者BMMNC,经光镜、电镜、Hochest33258染色法、TdT缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术等方法检测NVP-Ⅱ对AML患者BMMNC的影响。结果不同浓度NVP-Ⅱ对AML患者BMMNC有不同程度的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用。①光镜下观察到,与生理盐水对照组比较,NVP-Ⅱ处理组AML患者BMMNC数量明显减少,胞质内颗粒增多,并有较多的细胞碎片。②透射电镜下发现,NVP-Ⅱ处理组AML患者BMMNC细胞核染色质浓缩、碎裂,靠核膜边集呈块状,并形成凋亡小体;线粒体基质深染,呈现空泡样变及髓样变。③Hochest33258染色法显示,NVP-Ⅱ处理组AML患者BMMNC核染色质高度凝聚,致密浓染,或裂解呈碎块状,边缘光滑清晰。④TUNEL检测见阳性细胞核深染,NVP-Ⅱ处理组与生理盐水处理组比较,凋亡细胞明显增多(P<0.05)。结论NVP-Ⅱ可抑制AML患者BMMNC生长并诱导其凋亡。     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮细胞的影响

目的:研究沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜形态学改变及肌动蛋白的变化。方法:大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常妊娠组和Ct感染后妊娠组大鼠子宫,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察子宫内膜超微结构改变及荧光免疫组化检测肌动蛋白的表达。结果:SEM示对照组子宫腔可见有微绒毛的分泌细胞;实验组腔上皮细胞表面有的可见破损,微绒毛少见;免疫组化结果显示荧光强度主要定位于腔上皮细胞胞质/胞膜,妊娠第4,5,6天沿胞质顶部分布较密集,而底部较弥散;妊娠第7天顶部强度有所增加;感染组的荧光强度均弱于相应正常组,在妊娠第5天存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:沙眼衣原体感染后可能通过破坏子宫腔上皮分泌细胞,进而影响其内成分肌动蛋白,从而干扰早期妊娠。     

胎儿卵巢组织玻璃化冻存效果的研究

目的探讨玻璃化冻存法对胎儿卵巢组织形态和功能的保存效果。方法采用改良EG5.5/30玻璃化液冻存胎儿卵巢皮质片,解冻后观察卵巢组织学变化,卵巢皮质片异种异位移植后,观察受体鼠动情周期恢复率、恢复时间、卵泡发育状况。结果实验组与新鲜培养后移植组、添加抗氧化剂培养后移植组相比动情周期恢复率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但高于新鲜移植组(P<0.005);动情周期恢复需要的天数接近于新鲜移植组,明显短于两种培养组(P<0.05);在卵泡计数上,实验组每高倍视野的卵泡计数明显高于新鲜移植组(P<0.005),与培养后移植组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。移植后18周,组织学观察见大量窦卵泡,而培养组仅偶见窦卵泡。结论玻璃化冻存法可有效冻存胎儿卵巢组织,且不影响卵泡继续发育的潜能。