Risk factors and a simple scoring system for predicting bowel resection in infants with NEC

Background and aimsWe intended to investigate the predictors for bowel resection in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We further developed a scoring system for better predicting bowel resection.MethodsA total of 207 infants who underwent surgical management at Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University between April 2008 and December 2020 were identified for the following investigation. Bowel resection was reviewed among the infants who underwent the procedure. Potential parameters related to bowel resection were explored using a multiple logistic regression method, and then a scoring system was developed.ResultsAmong the 207 patients who underwent operative intervention that were reviewed, 109 infants underwent bowel resection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight, hypotension, neutropenia, pneumoperitoneum, acidosis, and intestinal wall thickness were predictors related to the occurrence of bowel resection. A 6-point scoring system was further developed based on the obtained total coefficient, and the infants could be divided into low-, moderate- and high-risk groups according to cut values of 7 and 13.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that severe NEC features and low birth weight were associated with bowel resection. The risk scoring system could accurately separate infants that were suspected to have bowel loss during surgery.     

Pretreatment with 3-methyladenine ameliorated Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia by inhibiting cell death of neutrophils in a mouse infection model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Clinical isolates that are resistant to multiple antimicrobials make it intractable. The interactions between P. aeruginosa and host cell death have multiple effects on bacterial clearance and inflammation; however, the potential intervention effects remain to be defined. Herein, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of 3-methyladenine before, but not after, P. aeruginosa infection enhanced autophagy-independent survival, which was accompanied by a decrease in the bacterial load, alleviation of pathology and reduction in inflammatory cytokines, in an acute pneumonia mouse model. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were not dependent on neutrophil recruitment or phagocytosis, but on the enhanced killing capacity induced by inhibiting the cell death of 3-MA pretreated neutrophils. These findings demonstrate a novel protective role of 3-MA pretreatment in P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉在骨质疏松性胸腰椎中的生物力学进展

椎弓根螺钉内固定系统为治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎退行性疾病的主要装置。然而,骨密度的严重丢失造成骨质疏松性椎体对椎弓根螺钉的固定强度下降,内固定失败的发生率显著增加。骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术是一种改善骨质疏松性胸腰椎术后内固定生物力学稳定性的有效方法,大量研究证明其能显著增加椎弓根螺钉的固定强度,但存在骨水泥渗漏等风险。本文从骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉技术展开分析,对骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的适应证、骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的生物力学变化、骨水泥增强材料、注入体积及分布进行介绍,并对新型骨水泥材料及螺钉设计做了展望。     

医疗失效模式与效应分析在药物基因实验质量管理的应用与实践

目的 通过应用医疗失效模式与效应分析(healthfailure mode and effect analysis，HFMEA)，预防药物基因实验的风险事件，提高药物基因实验的操作质量。方法 药学实验室成立失效模式与影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis，FMEA)活动小组，采用头脑风暴法，借助HFMEA模式，识别及分析药物基因实验过程前、中、后可能存在的操作、仪器及环境对药物基因实验质控造成的风险事件，同时制定相对应的解决方案。结果 开展HFMEA活动后，预防与补救了药物基因实验前、中、后的风险事件产生，风险系数值由总分值1 375分降至62.36分，降幅为95.47%(P<0.01)；活动小组成员在品管手法、解决问题能力、沟通配合、积极性等方面得到了显著提高。结论 HFMEA活动有助于降低药物基因实验产生风险事件的频次，有效提升实验室的质量管理。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清中剪切型X-盒结合蛋白1表达与糖尿病及其他临床因素的相关性

目的 分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者入院24 h内血清中剪切型X-盒结合蛋白1(Spliced x box binding protein 1,XBP-1S)浓度与患者基本资料、临床指标及影像学指标的相关性。 方法 按XBP-1S血清浓度中位数164.7 pg/ml,将AMI患者86例分成2组:低表达组（< 164.7 pg/ml，n = 43）和高表达组（≥ 164.7 pg/ml，n = 43），收集患者基本资料，临床资料和冠状动脉造影影像学资料进行组间比较。XBP-1S血清浓度与资料间的相关分析； 结果 组间比较发现高表达组糖尿病患病率显著高于低表达组（P < 0.05）；高表达组与低表达组两组冠状动脉粥样硬化病变血管分支数构成比有相关关系（P < 0.05）；XBP-1S血清浓度与血管的分支数呈正相关。 结论 在糖尿病患病率高的患者组中AMI起病急性期内血清中XBP-1S可能表达增高明显，并且与病变血管的分支数呈正相关。     

左乳腺癌保乳术后全乳和锁骨上下及内乳淋巴结区三种放疗方式的剂量学研究

  目的  对左乳腺癌保乳术后全乳及锁骨上下、内乳淋巴结引流区三种放疗方式在靶区及危及器官（organs at risk，OARs）的剂量学进行研究。  方法  选取2018年1月至2019年10月20例于昆明医科大学第一附属医院行左乳腺癌保乳术后放疗患者的定位CT资料，设计固定野滑窗调强放疗（dynamic multi-leaf collimator，dMLC）、容积弧形调强放疗（volumetric intensity modulated arctherapy，VMAT）和螺旋断层放疗（tomotherapy，HT）三种计划，并对剂量指标进行统计学分析。  结果  HT在术后瘤床（plan targetvolume of tumor bed，PTV_tb）的平均剂量（mean dose，D_mean）、D₁、适形度（homogeneity index，HI）和全乳及淋巴引流区的计划靶区（plan target volume，PTV）的D_mean、均匀性（conformity index，CI）均优于dMLC和VMAT，并且降低心脏和患侧肺的D_mean、V₅、V₁₀、V₃₀。HT在冠状动脉左前降支和右冠状动脉的D_mean以及D₁比较中剂量最低，但相比VMAT及dMLC，HT增加健侧乳腺的D₁和D_mean。  结论  对左乳腺癌保乳术后患者，HT对降低心脏毒性和保护患侧肺最有优势，但对健侧肺低剂量控制不如VMAT和dMLC，dMLC对健侧肺及健侧乳腺低剂量控制最佳，但对心脏及患侧肺的高剂量控制最差。在临床中需根据实际情况选择合适的计划方式。