The present study aims to investigate the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and hair cortisol concentration among teachers to examine whether hair cortisol can be a biomarker of chronic work stress.
Methods
Hair samples were collected from 39 female teachers from three kindergartens. Cortisol was extracted from the hair samples with methanol, and cortisol concentrations were measured with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Work stress was measured using the effort–reward imbalance scale.
Results
The ratio of effort to reward showed significantly positive association with hair cortisol concentration.
Conclusion
The cortisol concentration in the system increases with the effort–reward imbalance. Measurement of hair cortisol can become a useful biomarker of chronic work stress. 相似文献
Quantifiers such as frequency adverbs (e.g., “always”, “never”) and quantity pronouns (e.g., “many”, “none”) convey quantity information. Whether quantifiers are processed as numbers or as general semantics has been a matter of much debate. Some neuropsychological and fMRI studies have found that the processing of quantifiers depends on the numerical magnitude comprehension system, but others have found that quantifier processing is associated with semantic representation. The selective impairment of language in semantic dementia patients provides a way to examine the above controversy. We administered a series of neuropsychological tests (i.e., language processing, numerical processing and semantic distance judgment) to two patients with different levels of severity in semantic dementia (mild vs. severe). The results showed that the two patients had intact numerical knowledge, but impairments in semantic processing. Moreover, the patient with severe/late semantic dementia showed more impairment in quantifier and semantic processing than the patient with mild/early semantic dementia. We concluded that quantifier processing is associated with general semantic processing, not with numerical processing. 相似文献
Research in adults has shown that individual differences in harm avoidance (HA) modulate electrophysiological responses to affective stimuli. To determine whether HA in adolescents modulates affective information processing, we collected event-related potentials from 70 adolescents while they viewed 90 pictures from the Chinese affective picture system. Multiple regressions revealed that HA negatively predicted late positive potential (LPP) for positive pictures and positively predicted for negative pictures; however, HA did not correlate with LPP for neutral pictures. The results suggest that at the late evaluative stage, high-HA adolescents display attentional bias to negative pictures while low-HA adolescents display attentional bias to negative pictures. Moreover, these dissociable attentional patterns imply that individual differences in adolescents’ HA modulate the late selective attention mechanism of affective information. 相似文献
Cellular proliferation within the ventricular zone (VZ) may contribute to sex differences through the net addition of neurons in song control nuclei. To address this issue, we administered [(3)H]thymidine to Bengalese finches of both sexes, and estradiol benzoate (EB) to females 15 days post hatching. The birds were killed 2h later to examine thymidine labeled cells within the VZ at three brain levels, HVC, anterior commissure and Area X. Our results indicated that: (1) cell proliferation in the VZ was significantly higher in the three studied brain levels in males and EB implant females relative to intact or empty implant females, respectively; (2) proliferation in the dorsal half of the VZ, in proximity to HVC, was notably higher than that in the ventral half of the VZ; (3) proliferation in the ventral VZ (VVZ), which is relatively close to Area X was higher relative to other subregions of VZ (dorsal and intermediate). Our study suggests that sex differences in cell proliferation in the VZ may contribute to the net growth of HVC and Area X in males, and estradiol may play an important role in sexual difference in cellular proliferation within the VZ. 相似文献
As an important extension of decision-theoretic rough sets, three-way decision theory provides a new perspective for people to deal with uncertain problems. However, the traditional multi-granularity decision-theoretic rough sets model has limited ability in describing the risk preferences of decision-makers and the processing of intuitionistic fuzzy information. In addition, as far as we know, most of the risk loss functions in existing studies are based on utility theory. However, the complete compensability between attributes is not always true, and this fact may lead to inconsistencies between the final calculated results and the actual situation. We propose a multi-granular intuitionistic fuzzy three-way decision model based on the risk preference outranking relation. In this scenario, we first define the outranking relation on the intuitionistic fuzzy set and fuse it for the purpose of risk preference calculation. Next, starting from the single granularity, the relations between the membership outranking relation class, the nonmembership outranking relation class, and the rough approximation are analyzed, and the related properties are proven. Then, the single granularity is extended to construct the multi-granular intuitionistic fuzzy decision-theoretic rough sets and their corresponding three-way decision model. Furthermore, by systematically studying the decision loss costs of optimistic and pessimistic states, three-way decision rules are induced. The rationality and effectiveness of our proposed model are verified through a case study analysis and comparisons with existing methods. The results show that our proposed model can quantitatively analyze and calculate the uncertainty of decision-makers’ cognitive risk preferences, achieve global control of the decision-making process, and reduce the loss of decision-making costs.
