The influence of contamination of culture medium with hepatitis B virus on the outcome of in vitro fertilization pregnancies.

Heat-inactivated human serum is added to the culture medium used for in vitro fertilization and other forms of assisted conception. Because one batch of pooled serum contained hepatitis B virus, an epidemic occurred among women participating in the treatment program. Seventy-nine women had serologic proof of hepatitis B infection. This incident gave the opportunity to study the effect of hepatitis B virus on pregnancy outcome and the newborn. The situation is unique because the preimplantation embryo was exposed to hepatitis B virus or the pregnancy was complicated by a (sub)clinical infection. Twenty-four women were or became pregnant while having an acute hepatitis B infection. Five pregnancies ended in abortion. The remaining 19 pregnancies ended in the birth of 24 children. No evidence for any harmful effect of exposure to hepatitis B virus in the embryonic or fetal period on the newborn could be found.     

Validity of umbilical artery blood velocimetry in the prediction of intrauterine growth retardation and fetal compromise

In a prospective longitudinal investigation, the validity of umbilical artery velocimetry in the detection of IUGR and fetal compromise was calculated in a group of 105 patients. With the help of pulsed Doppler ultrasound, measurements were performed from a menstrual age of 15 weeks onwards till term. The pulsatility index was calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and post test probability were determined with regard to the ability to predict IUGR and fetal compromise. The sensitivity in the detection of IUGR was 44.4%, the post test probability was 32.4%. For the prediction of fetal distress a sensitivity of 77.8% and a post test probability of 40.1% was calculated. In a selected group of high-risk patients (IUGR or PIH) the post-test probability was 77.6%. It seems clear that umbilical artery velocimetry is not useful as a screening tool for IUGR, but it has some potential to predict fetal distress.     

Simplifying superovulation and intrauterine insemination treatment: evidence and clinical decision making

It is not always possible to develop a well-powered, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will control for all possible variables to compare various treatment protocols. In the absence of evidence, it is reasonable to rely on physiologic principles, empiric observation, and, when possible, the results of an RCT to evaluate critical parts of a treatment protocol. On the basis of these principles, it is clear that a single IUI after mild superovulation done anywhere between 32 and 40 hours after hCG administration is an effective if not an efficacious treatment for idiopathic or mild male factor infertility.     

医学分子遗传学教学实践研究

针对医学分子遗传学内容抽象复杂、信息更新迅速、教与学的难度都很高的问题,本研究探讨总结临床医学专业研究生课程和实习生教学中医学分子遗传学的教学方法：夯实基础理论,注重学科融合;引入临床病例,激发主动学习;突出知识更新,鼓励线上查阅;教学科研结合,启发创新思维。结果表明,学生表现出更浓厚的学习兴趣和热情,能更独立和创新地进行思考。对分子遗传学的基础理论和临床应用进行分析,问卷显示课程教学满意度为97%（152/157）。     

妊娠糖尿病患者孕晚期血清LRG1、CCL2水平与产后血糖转归的相关性分析

目的 探究妊娠糖尿病（GDM）患者孕晚期血清富亮氨酸α2-糖蛋白1(LRG1）、趋化因子配体2(CCL2）水平与产后血糖转归的相关性。方法 选取2019年6月—2021年6月衡水市人民医院收治的98例GDM孕晚期患者为研究对象,根据患者产后6周的口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果分为异常组42例和恢复组56例。收集两组患者的基线资料,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清LRG1、CCL2水平;采用Pearson法分析血清LRG1、CCL2水平与产后血糖及胰岛素指标的相关性;采用多因素一般Logistic回归分析影响产后血糖异常的因素。结果 异常组患者孕前体质量指数（BMI）高于恢复组（P<0.05）;异常组患者孕晚期及产后血清LRG1、CCL2水平均高于恢复组,且恢复组产后血清LRG1、CCL2水平低于孕晚期（P<0.05）;异常组患者孕晚期及产后甘油三酯（TG）、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后1 h血糖（1 hPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均高于恢复组（P<0.05）,异常组患者产后FPG、FINS、H...     

Apoptosis and apoptosis-associated parameters in relation to tamoxifen exposure in postmenopausal endometrium

Tamoxifen increases endometrial cell proliferation and the incidence of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate apoptosis and apoptosis-related factors in endometrium in relation to tamoxifen exposure. We analyzed benign postmenopausal endometrium from breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen (n = 35) and from controls (n = 24), and endometrial cancer tissue from tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients (n = 15) and endometrial cancer from women without tamoxifen exposure (n = 51). Apoptosis was examined morphologically, and the percentage of apoptotic epithelial cells was defined as the apoptotic index. In the benign samples, the presence of apoptotic cells was also evaluated immunohistochemically by the expression of caspase-3 and the monoclonal antibody M30. The expression of Fas, FasL, and Bcl-2 was analyzed in all tissue samples. No differences were observed in the mean apoptotic index in benign endometrium in tamoxifen users (0.17%) versus controls (0.08%), or in tamoxifen-exposed (2.46%) versus nonexposed endometrial cancer (2.28%). However, the ratio of the apoptotic index with the previously reported proliferation index was lower in benign endometrium from tamoxifen users than in controls (0.02 +/- 0.026 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.03, Mann-Whitney U <0.005). In benign endometrium FasL was more frequently expressed in tamoxifen-users than in controls (chi(2) <0.05). We conclude that the apoptosis/proliferation ratio in benign endometrium from tamoxifen users is lower than in controls, indicating that the tamoxifen-induced higher proliferation is not compensated for by increased apoptosis. An imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and possibly suppression of the antitumor immune response by FasL overexpression in tamoxifen-exposed endometrium might play a role in the development of endometrial cancer in tamoxifen users.     

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins and hypoplastic left heart sequence caused by an in frame deletion within FOXF1

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder of interstitial lung development, leading to pulmonary hypertension, and death in infancy. Associated features include malformations of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. ACDMPV is caused by heterozygous variants in the FOXF1 gene or microdeletions involving FOXF1. We present a male infant with ACDMPV, hypoplastic left heart sequence (HLHS), duodenal atresia, and imperforate anus due to a de novo, in frame deletion in FOXF1: c.209_214del (p.Thr70_Leu71del). Previous reports have suggested that microdeletions involving FOXF1 are associated with ACDMPV with congenital heart defects, including HLHS, gastrointestinal atresias, and other anomalies; whereas likely pathogenic variants within FOXF1 have not been reported with ACDMPV and HLHS. This is the first patient reported with ACDMPV, HLHS, imperforate anus, and duodenal atresia associated with a likely pathogenic variant in the FOXF1 gene.     

Immunohistochemical expression of MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens in salivary gland tumours

Summary MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens of human milk fat globule membrane were detected immunohistochemically in 93 cases of salivary gland tumours as well as in normal glands. The antigens were visualized in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin sections. MAM-3 (MoAbs 115G3, 67D11) antigen was distributed in intercalated and striated duct cells of the normal salivary glands, and in luminal tumour cells and squamous metaplastic cells of pleomorphic adenomas. In pleomorphic adenomas the frequency of positive staining with MoAb 67D11 (54/67; 80.6%) was higher than that with MoAb 115G3 (36/67; 53.7%). MAM-6 (MoAbs 115D8, 115F5) antigen was expressed in luminal and lateral borders of serous acinar cells and ductal of the normal glands, and also in luminal borders of tubulo-ductal and glandular structures of salivary gland tumours. Ductal basal cells were characterized by existence of positive staining for MAM-6 antigen, in adenolymphomas MAM-6 antigen was restricted to the basal tumour cells. Some mucous cells of mucoepidermoid tumours were stained specifically with MoAb 115G3, and epidermoid cells of mucoepidermoid carcinomas manifested MAM-6 antigen staining. Immunohistochemical localization of MAM-6 antigen resembled that of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) detected with MoAb.