CD40/CD40L在肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用及其可能机制

目的 探讨CD40/CD40L在肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用及其可能机制.方法 将74例IgA肾病患者肾穿活检组织分为轻度系膜增生组27例、局灶增生组28例和增生硬化组19例,采用免疫组化及Masson方法观察各组肾小管间质内CD40、CD40L、TGF-β、α-SMA、Vimentin和胶原纤维的表达.结果 IgA肾病组织中小管上皮细胞高表达CD40和CD40L,肾小管间质中TGF-β、α-SMA、Vimentin及胶原纤维表达随分级变化而变化,三组间以上指标比较有统计学差异（P＜0.05或＜0.01）.结论 IgA肾病中,CD40和CD40L可能通过TGF-β启动并调节肾小管上皮细胞转分化,参与肾小管间质纤维化.     

原发性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者CD5+B细胞对CD4+T细胞Th1/Th2型细胞因子分泌的影响

 目的 探讨原发性免疫性血小板减少症（immune thrombocytopenia，ITP）患者CD5⁺B细胞对CD4⁺T细胞分泌Th1/Th2型细胞因子的调节作用及其在大剂量地塞米松（high dose dexamethasone，HD-DXM）治疗后的变化。方法 采集5例初发原发性ITP患者HD-DXM治疗前后外周静脉血各20 mL及5例健康对照者外周静脉血20 mL，Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell，PBMC），进一步以免疫磁珠法分选CD5⁺B细胞、CD5^-B细胞和CD4⁺T细胞。CD5⁺B细胞或CD5^-B细胞与CD4⁺T细胞按1：9、1：5、1：3、1：1、3：1的梯度比例混合培养72 h或144 h。ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ（代表Th1型细胞因子）和IL-4（代表Th2型细胞因子）水平。结果 共培养72 h后，健康对照者CD5⁺B细胞与CD4⁺T细胞比例在1：3时，细胞培养上清液IFN-γ浓度与T细胞单独培养时相比明显下降[（2 427.99±632.62）pg/mL vs.（1 109.25±338.10）pg/mL，P=0.001 2）]；而ITP患者CD5⁺B细胞与CD4⁺T细胞比例在3：1时才对IFN-γ的分泌有显著抑制[（3 060.02±493.98）pg/mL vs.（1 769.45±634.73）pg/mL，P=0.000 3]。共培养144 h后得到相似的结果。HD-DXM治疗有效的ITP患者CD5⁺B细胞与CD4⁺T细胞比例在1：1时共培养72 h后，对IFN-γ的分泌有明显抑制[（3 600.02±838.00）pg/mL vs.（1 157.97±383.20）pg/mL，P<0.000 1]。健康对照者及ITP患者CD5⁺B细胞对CD4⁺T细胞分泌IL-4均无明显影响。结论 原发性ITP患者CD5⁺B细胞抑制CD4⁺T细胞分泌Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ的能力明显受损，经HD-DXM治疗后CD5⁺B细胞抑制IFN-γ分泌的能力可部分恢复。     

左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭的临床研究

目的 探讨左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年7月—2023年7月复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院重症监护室收治的100例重症心力衰竭患者，按随机数字法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组，每组各50例。对照组患者口服氢氯噻嗪片，50 mg/次，2次/d。治疗组在对照组的治疗基础上静脉滴注左西孟旦注射液，5 mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液500 mL中。两组用药7 d。观察两组的临床疗效和临床症状改善时间，比较两组治疗前后心功能指标、生活质量综合评定问卷调查表（CQOLI-74）评分和血清细胞因子水平的变化情况。结果 治疗后，治疗组总有效率是98.0%，显著高于对照组的82.0%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，治疗组呼吸困难、乏力、气促、下肢水肿好转时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组左室射血分数（LVEF）、心排血量（CO）、GQOLI-74评分均显著高于同组治疗前（P＜0.05）；治疗后，治疗组LVEF、CO、GQOLI-74评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组β型脑钠肽（BNP）、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白（sST2）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、胱抑素C（CysC）水平均较同组治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）；治疗后，治疗组BNP、sST2、Hcy、CysC水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 左西孟旦联合氢氯噻嗪治疗重症心力衰竭有较好的临床疗效，能有效改善患者的临床症状，增强心功能指标，降低机体炎性反应，值得临床借鉴应用。     

The improved oval forceps suture-guiding method for minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair

ObjectiveTo discuss the effect and advantage of the improved oval forceps suture-guiding method combined with anchor nail in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture.MethodsA retrospective research was performed on 35 cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture treated with the improved oval forceps suture-guiding method from January 2013 to October 2016. Instead of the Achillon device, we perform the Achillon technique with the use of simple oval forceps, combined with absorbable anchor nail, percutaneously to repair the acute Achilles tendon rupture.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 12 months (range, 12–19 months), and all the patients underwent successful repair of their acute Achilles tendon rupture using the improved oval forceps suture-guiding method without any major intra- or postoperative complications. All the patients returned to work with pre-injury levels of activity at a mean of 12.51 ± 0.76 weeks. Mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores improved from 63.95 (range, 51–78) preoperatively to 98.59 (range, 91–100) at last follow-up. This was statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Mean Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) at final follow-up was 94.87 (range, 90–100).ConclusionThe improved oval forceps suture-guiding method could make the advantage of minimally invasive repair with less complications, reduced surgical time and similar functional outcomes compared with the traditional open surgery. In addition, our new technique could save the cost of surgery with the compare of the Achillon device. At the same time for the cases which the remote broken tendon ends were within 2 cm from the calcaneal nodules, because of the less tendon tissue was left in the remote side, traditional percutaneous methods are incapable to ensure the reconstruction strength. By using the anchor nail, the improved technique has better repair capacity and expands the operation indication of oval forceps method.     

Application of pre-contoured anatomic locking plate for treatment of humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures: A prospective review of 68 cases with an average follow-up of 2.5 years

ObjectivesAlthough various implants exist for 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures, few implants are appropriate for humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of pre-contoured anatomic locking plate for humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures.MethodsA retrospective review of 68 patients with humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anatomic locking plates between January 2014 and October 2016. Postoperatively, patient radiographs, functional results, and complications were reviewed.ResultsAll patients got a mean follow-up of 30.5 months (range 14–46 months). Average fracture healing time was 9.4 weeks (range, 8–14 weeks). Overall mean Constant score was 86.8% (range, 70%–96%). The result was rated as excellent in 25 patients (Constant score: 92.1%), good in 38 patients (Constant score: 85.3%) moderate in 5 patients (Constant score: 71.8%) and poor in 0 cases. The excellent-good rate was 92.6%. No recurrence of dislocation occurred in the 30 cases with shoulder dislocation. All fractures healed without the complications of wound infection, subacromial impingement syndrome, nonunion, secondary displacement, and implant loosening.ConclusionPre-contoured anatomic locking plate is a reliable option in treating humerus split type greater tuberosity fractures as it provides stable fixation with an early return to function. The surgical technique is easy and efficient.     

扶正固本Ⅰ号方结合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的观察扶正固本Ⅰ号方结合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效。方法将107例NSCLC患者随机分为对照组（53例,单纯化疗治疗）和治疗组（54例,化疗结合扶正固本Ⅰ号方治疗）。4个周期后,观察两组临床疗效、血液学毒性反应发生情况和远期疗效。结果治疗组的近期有效率为16.7%、稳定率为88.9%,均高于对照组的7.5%和54.7%（P〈0.05）;治疗组的血液学毒性发生率为63.0%,对照组为81.1%（P〈0.05）;治疗组的无进展时间和中位生存期均长于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论扶正固本Ⅰ号方治疗NSCLC疗效确切,能明显减轻毒副反应,延长生存期。     

颈椎椎间融合器复合涂层及生长因子在山羊体内的融合效果评价

 目的 在活体山羊颈椎上比较自体三面皮质髂骨、帽式颈椎椎间融合器（hat type cervical intervertebral fusion cage,HCIFC）、表面喷涂羟基磷灰石的HCIFC及载有生长因子的羟基磷灰石涂层HCIFC的椎间融合效果。方法 将32头山羊随机平均分为4组：自体骨组、HCIFC组、羟基磷灰石涂层组及生长因子组。各组均行C₃~C₄椎间盘切除术并植入以上内植物。于术前、术后即刻及术后1、2、4、8、12周摄颈椎正、侧位X线片,于侧位X线片上测量平均椎间高度（disc space height,DSH）、椎间角（intervertebral angle,IVA）及前凸角（lordosis angle,LA）;术后12周处死动物,取C₃~C₄节段标本进行生物力学测定及组织学评估。结果 生长因子组的颈椎屈曲、后伸和侧屈的平均刚度显著大于其他组（P<0.05）;羟基磷灰石涂层组后伸、轴向旋转及侧屈的平均刚度显著大于HCIFC组和自体骨组（P<0.05）。影像学及组织学检测结果显示,3个颈椎椎间融合器组的椎间融合效果均好于自体骨组,其中生长因子组的融合效果最好。结论 羟基磷灰石涂层可以改善颈椎椎间融合器的融合效果,生长因子能促进骨融合。     

我院2011年1月至2012年6月呼吸科住院患者抗菌药物应用的干预研究

目的 调查我院呼吸科住院患者2011年抗菌药物专项整治活动干预前后抗菌药物的应用情况.方法 采用行政干预和药师干预相结合的综合措施对我院呼吸科抗菌药物临床应用进行干预,对我院呼吸科2011年1月至2012年6月抗菌药物用药金额、用药频度(DDDS)等数据进行回顾性统计分析.结果 经过2个阶段干预,抗菌药物的DDDS下降分别为29.54%和17.95%;注射剂和口服剂的DDDS下降29.44%和30.17%;用药结构变化显著;特殊使用类抗菌药物的不合理使用率从干预前的41.46%下降为16.67%;干预后抗菌药物使用率和使用强度均有所下降.结论 本次专项整治活动有助于促进抗菌药物的合理使用,我院采取的干预措施有效、可行,但有待加大力度,不断规范化管理.