眼震电刺激器的研制

眩晕症与前庭神经系统的功能异常和病理变化有着直接联系,眼震电图仪是前庭神经系统功能检查和评定的重要设备.本文首先介绍了眼震电的概念和眼震电刺激器的功能,比较了几种常见的眼震电刺激器,重点介绍了LED视屏刺激器.眼震电刺激器可以产生定标、凝视、扫视、视跟踪、视动等多种刺激方式,有控制和驱动电路简单、诱发效果好、环境适应性好、易于升级、成本低等优点,在临床上有着广泛的应用前景.     

HPLC-CAD测定羟基脲胶囊含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定羟基脲胶囊含量及有关物质检查的HPLC-CAD方法。方法 采用Phenomenx Luna^® NH₂柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，10 μm，100Ǻ），柱温为40℃；以乙腈-水（82：18）为流动相，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，检测器为电雾式检测器，雾化温度50℃，进样量10 μL。结果 在选定的色谱条件下，主峰与各杂质峰均能良好分离。采用外标法计算羟基脲胶囊的含量，采用主成分自身对照法计算脲的含量；羟基脲和脲分别在0.304 8~1.270 0 mg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、0.241 1~1.004 6 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）内与峰面积呈良好线性关系。脲的检测限和定量限分别为2.82 ng和8.46 ng。结论 本方法操作简便，专属性强，结果可靠，可用于羟基脲胶囊的含量及有关物质的测定。     

急性脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的初步研究

目的了解急性脑梗死患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)与脑梗死亚型间的关系。方法对102例急性脑梗死患者于发病急性期进行夜间多导睡眠图监测及头颅MRI检查。按四种不同方法分为:(1)首发脑梗死组(60例)和复发脑梗死组(42例);(2)有鼾症史组(52例)和无鼾症史组(50例);(3)多发及大面积脑梗死组(70例)和单发小梗死组(32例);(4)前循环受累组(56例)、后循环受累组(20例)和前后循环均受累组(26例)。根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)及夜间最低血氧饱和度(SpO2)对SAHS进行分级。结果AHI≥5为72例(70.6%);SpO2异常100例(98.0%)。复发脑梗死组、多发及大面积脑梗死组和前后循环均受累组较首发梗死组、单发小梗死组和前循环受累组发病率高,各组AHI>20的比例均增高。鼾症史与SAHS的发生及程度无相关性。结论脑梗死患者急性期SAHS发病率高,与脑梗死的严重程度、亚型有关。     

Efficient Approximation of P-value of the Maximum of Correlated Tests, with Applications to Genome-Wide Association Studies

Genome-wide association study (GWAS), typically involving 100,000 to 500,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is a powerful approach to identify disease susceptibility loci. In a GWAS, single-marker analysis, which tests one SNP at a time, is usually used as the first stage to screen SNPs across the genome in order to identify a small fraction of promising SNPs with relatively low p-values for further and more focused studies. For single-marker analysis, the trend test derived for an additive genetic model is often used. This may not be robust when the additive assumption is not appropriate for the true underlying disease model. A robust test, MAX, based on the maximum of three trend test statistics derived for recessive, additive, and dominant models, has been proposed recently for GWAS. But its p-value has to be evaluated through a resampling-based procedure, which is computationally challenging for the analysis of GWAS. Obtaining the p-value for MAX with adjustment for the covariates can be even more time-consuming. In this article, we provide a simple approximation for the p-value of the MAX test with or without adjusting for the covariates. The new method avoids resampling steps and thus makes the MAX test readily applicable to GWAS. We use simulation studies as well as real datasets on 17 confirmed disease-associated SNPs to assess the accuracy of the proposed method. We also apply the method to the GWAS of coronary artery disease.     

青蒿素提取条件研究

以干青嵩味末为原料，分别用乙醚、氯仿、正己烷、石油醚搅拌提取青蒿素，结果表明石油醚是较适宜的提取介质。对石油醚提取青蒿素的工艺条件，如温度、时间、溶剂及搅拌速度等进行了较系统研究，确定了较佳的工艺操作条件。     

激光汽化活体生物组织的传热过程分析

目的：研究激光汽化生物活体组织的传热过程及其影响因素，方法：基于血液灌注率温度依赖型Pennes生物传热方程，建立激光与生物活体组织热相互作用的一般模型，研究组织表面发生汽化相变，中间组织出现热凝结，内层组织发生温升的过程，由此探讨组织中的激光传输特性，以及血液灌注率和边界冷却等因素的影响情况。结果：通过数值计算，得出活体组织表面汽化速度及内部温度分布，研究表明，活体组织对不同激光的吸收能力，血液灌注率与边界冷却放松择组织汽化速度，组织凝结过程及温度分布有显著影响。结论：该模型可用于预测激光汽化蚀除组织的过程，分析结果对激光临床应用具有理论指导意义。     

Stat3与过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体δ信号转导通路间交互作用对结肠癌细胞增殖的调控影响

目的观察选择性环氧合酶（COX）-2抑制剂NS-398对结肠癌细胞系SW480中Star3与过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体（PPAR）δ信号转导通路的影响，探讨不同信号转导通路间交互作用调控结肠癌细胞增殖的分子机制。方法应用逆转录．聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）法检测结肠癌细胞系SW480中COX-2 mRNA表达水平，用选择性COX-2抑制剂NS-398处理结肠癌细胞系SW480，Western blot检测Star3与PPARδ信号转导通路成员表达，噻唑蓝（MTT）比色试验检测细胞增殖状态，流式细胞技术检测细胞周期与凋亡。结果结肠癌细胞系SW480中未检测到COX-2 mRNA表达，NS-398（75μmol／L）作用于SW480细胞72h后，G1期细胞比率由37．9％上升至48．6％，S期细胞比率分别由58，1％，下降至44．9％，细胞增殖受抑制。Stat3、PPARδ、Cyclin D1与bcl-x L表达水平随NS-398作用时间延长而下降。结论选择性COX-2抑制剂NS-398可能通过非COX-2依赖途径影响结肠癌细胞的增殖。     

透过TGN1412事件处理看药品不良事件的应对模式

通过对TGN1412不良事件及其发生后各方反应的回溯性分析,探讨监管部门、媒体、专家和企业对药品不良事件的反应模式及其应对模式的效率与效果。处理药品不良事件的关键是过程公开透明、信息提供充分、程序科学严谨。通过对药品不良事件的及时、有效处理,以保障公众用药安全。     

针刺配合红外偏振光治疗过敏性鼻炎疗效观察

目的观察针刺配合红外偏振光治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法将60例过敏性鼻炎患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例,治疗组采用针刺配合红外偏振光治疗,对照组仅采用针刺治疗。治疗2个疗程后,观察两组疗效的差别。结果治疗组总有效率为96.7%,优于对照组76.7%,两组经统计学处理差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论针刺配合红外偏振光疗法治疗过敏性鼻炎总有效率优于单纯针刺。     

W/O/W double emulsion technique using ethyl acetate as organic solvent: effects of its diffusion rate on the characteristics of microparticles.

Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-lactide) copolymer (PELA) microparticles loading lysozyme were prepared through a modified W/O/W double emulsion-solvent diffusion method using ethyl acetate (EA) as organic solvent. The modified process was divided into five steps: (1) primary emulsification (W1/O), (2) re-emulsification (W1/O/W2), (3) pre-solidification, (4) solidification and (5) purification. The pre-solidification step was carried out in the modified process to control the diffusion rate of EA from oil phase into outer aqueous phase, in order to prevent the wall polymer from precipitation, which usually occurred when the diffusion rate was too fast. The adequately rapid solidification of microparticle caused by controlled fast diffusion of EA and the use of amphiphilic copolymer PELA as wall material, facilitated a high protein entrapment (always above 94%) and full preservation of bioactivity of entrapped lysozyme. It was found that the volume of the outer aqueous phase in the re-emulsification step and the shear stress in the pre-solidification step had a significant effect on the diffusion rate of EA from the droplets into outer aqueous solution, and thereby on the characteristics of the resultant microparticles. With the volume or the shear stress increasing, the removal rate of EA increased, resulting in rapid solidification of the microparticles. This result led to a lower burst effect and a slower lysozyme release from the microparticles. This study suggests that the modified W/O/W double emulsion-solvent diffusion method with EA as organic solvent is a prospective technique to prepare biodegradable microparticles containing water-soluble sensitive agents.