舌下特异性免疫疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的临床观察

目的观察粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效及安全性。方法采用对照研究方法 ,将符合变应鼻炎标准并且粉尘螨变应原皮肤点刺实验阳性的患者100例分为免疫治疗+药物组58例及单纯药物组42例;8周回访一次,共随访32周。结果免疫治疗+药物组的临床症状及体征评分较单纯药物组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫治疗+药物组患者中5例发生不良反应,没出现全身性不良反应。结论采用粉尘螨滴剂舌下含服能显著缓解变应性鼻炎患者的临床症状及体征,改善患者的生活质量,是一种安全有效的治疗变应性鼻炎的方法。     

Frequency of the recessive 30delG mutation in the GJB2 gene in Northeast-Hungarian individuals and patients with hearing impairment.

Mutations in the GJB2 gene, which encodes a gap junction protein (connexin 26) account for up to 50% of cases of congenital autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment. A single mutation, 30delG, is responsible for 70% of this autosomal recessive hearing loss in Europe. This study describes the 30delG mutation analysis of 23 Hungarian families (64 individuals) with at least two subjects with congenital non-syndromic hearing defect and of 52 unrelated individuals from the Northeastern population of Hungary. In all patients, non-progressive hearing impairment varied from moderate to profound involving all frequencies. DNA was tested by PCR based restriction enzyme assay (BSiYI). Sixty-four percent of the patients displayed this one base deletion in GJB2. Out of these, 65.9% were homozygous for this mutation and 34.1% were heterozygotes. The latter showed compound heterozygosity since in these 14 patients, eight previously reported different nucleotide changes were observed on the second allele. The carrier frequency of the 30delG mutation among control group was one in 10.4 (9.6%). This high frequency of 30delG corresponds more to frequencies reported in Southern than in North Europeans.     

Usefulness of sentinel node navigation surgery in the management of early tongue cancer

Objective

To determine the validity of sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) in early stage tongue cancer, the occurrence rate of postoperative cervical metastasis (POCM) after lead plate technique (LPT) introduction and survival rates in patients who underwent SNNS were analyzed.

Methods

SNNS was performed in 29 patients (stage I: 14, stage II: 15) from 2000 to 2007. Tc-labeled phytate was prepared as a radiotracer a day before SNNS. The sentinel node (SN) was then examined pathologically during surgery. For cases where metastasis in SN was positive, neck dissection was performed. Occurrence of POCM after LPT introduction was compared with that before LPT introduction. ‘Wait and see’ policy was performed in 52 patients (stage I: 27, stage II: 25) from 1987 to 1999 as a historical control. The observation period of SNNS cases and ‘wait and see’ policy cases ranged from 10 months to 165 months (median: 91 months) and from 7 months to 268 months (median: 87 months), respectively.

Results

Six of the 29 SNNS cases (21%) were proven metastatic SNs. Before LPT introduction, POCM occurred in 2 of the 15 cases, while we had no occurrences after LPT introduction. The 5-year overall survival rate of the 29 patients who underwent SNNS and the 52 patients with ‘wait and see’ policy were 96% and 84%, respectively, and there was statistical significance in the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

As the survival rate of the patients with the SNNS tended to be better than that with the ‘wait and see’ policy in our cases, SNNS could avoid unnecessary neck dissection. SNNS provides useful information regarding decision-making for neck dissection in early stage tongue cancer.     

耳内镜下抗真菌药局部注入治疗真菌性外耳道炎

目的总结南方地区真菌性外耳道炎患者的临床表现、病原学特点和治疗转归,探讨耳内镜清理+曲安奈德克霉唑乳膏局部注入法治疗真菌性外耳道炎的临床疗效。方法选取2014年1月至2015年12月就诊的来自南方地区、资料完整的256例真菌性外耳道炎患者,随机分为两组,注药组(152例)采用耳内镜下先清理外耳道内真菌病变,再外耳道内注入曲安奈德克霉唑乳膏,每周复诊同上治疗1次,共3~4次;涂药组(104例)采用耳内镜下清除真菌病变,嘱患者自行外耳道内涂曲安奈德克霉唑乳膏,每天1次,每周复诊治疗1次,共3~4次。随访6个月,以症状和耳内镜检查结果评价效果。非随机法连续选择部分患者取外耳道分泌物行真菌病原学培养。结果两组共256例真菌性外耳道炎患者,主要症状是耳痒(89. 8%)、耳内阻塞感(80. 9%)、流脓(69. 1%)、听力下降(51. 2%)、耳痛(42. 2%)、耳内臭味(18. 0%)等。96例外耳道分泌物行真菌病原学检测,89例阳性,7例阴性,培养阳性率92. 7%;89例中曲霉菌属75例,念珠菌属8例,6例未能鉴别出真菌种属。随访6个月以上,注药组152例,治愈141例,复发11例;涂药组104例,治愈86例,复发18例;注药组治愈率(92. 8%)高于涂药组(82. 7%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6. 235,P=0. 013)。结论真菌性外耳道炎南方地区常见,早期多无特殊症状,以耳痒、耳内流液和耳内阻塞感较常见,耳内镜的临床应用能提高其早期诊断率。曲霉菌属感染最常见,连续多次耳内镜下彻底清除局部病变、同期抗真菌药物局部注药能显著提高治愈率。     

Leucemia cutánea aleucémica: presentación de un caso

—The term aleukemic leukemia cutis describes the invasion of the skin by leukemic cells in the absence of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow involvement. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease are still unknown, it is widely recognized its poor prognosis. Most of the reported patients completely developed the hematologic disease (the majority acute granulocytic or monocytic leukemias) in 10-14 months after diagnosis of aleukemic leukemia cutis, and they had a median survival of 22 months.We report on a case of a 77-year-old man with aleukemic leukemia cutis who presented with numerous erythematous to violaceous papulonodular lesions, mainly located on the trunk and head, lack of peripheal blood involvement and very early alterations in the bone marrow aspirate. Inmunohistochemical stains of skin and bone marrow biopsies revealed the infiltration of both tissues by blast cells of monocyte-histiocytic lineage. Our patient presented spontaneous resolution of skin lesions and his hematological disease showed no progression during 9 months after diagnosis, although he did not undergo any treatment.We emphasize the low incidence of association between myelodysplastic syndromes and aleukemic leukemia cutis as well as the surprising spontaneous remission of cutaneous lesions in our patient.     

鼻咽癌组织中survivin、bcl-2和p53蛋白的表达及其相关性

目的研究鼻咽癌组织中survivin、bcl2和p53蛋白表达及其相关性。方法采用自行制作的鼻咽癌各发展阶段组织微阵列,结合免疫组织化学方法,检测其survivin、bcl2和p53蛋白的表达情况。结果survivin蛋白在鼻咽癌和癌旁上皮中的阳性表达均高于其在鼻咽上皮组织中的表达,bcl2、p53蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中阳性表达率显著高于癌旁上皮和鼻咽上皮组织,p53蛋白在癌旁上皮的表达高于鼻咽上皮组织;鼻咽癌组织中survivin与bcl2,survivin与p53蛋白阳性表达密切相关。结论survivin、bcl2和p53基因在鼻咽癌的发生发展过程中密切相关,共同促进鼻咽癌的发生发展。