柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床观察

目的 研究柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床疗效。方法 选取昆山市中医医院脾胃肝胆科2014年1月至2016年12月因胆总管结石行ERCP取石病例120例，按随机数字表法将120例病例随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各60例，治疗组口服自拟柴芍四金汤，每日1剂，水煎400 mL，分早晚两次温服，随证加减；对照组口服熊去氧胆酸250 mg/次，3次/d，2组均连续药物治疗6月，观察术后2周血清中总胆红素（Tbil）、直接胆红素（Dbil）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）指标、术后半年临床症状（包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差）及术后6月、12月、18月胆总管结石复发情况。结果 治疗组术后6月、12月及18月结石复发率略低于对照组，但两者差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）；治疗组在改善腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差症状方面优于对照组（ P <0.05）；治疗组在改善血清Tbil、Dbil、ALP、GGT水平方面优于对照组（ P <0.01）。结论 柴芍四金汤能有效预防ERCP术后胆总管结石的复发，且能改善胆总管结石引起的临床症状及血清生化指标。      

替勃龙联合更安宁对雌性去势大鼠血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的:观察替勃龙联合补肾中药(更安宁)在雌性去势大鼠加高脂饮食状态下,对血管内皮细胞的保护作用。方法:9月龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠50只,随机分为假手术组(SHAM)、卵巢切除组(OVX)、卵巢切除后药物联合治疗组(OVX+E)、高脂血症组(OVX+HC)、高脂血症药物联合治疗组(OVX+HC+E)。在卵巢切除术后14d起,OVX组、OVX+HC组给予生理盐水灌胃,OVX+E组、OVX+HC+E组予替勃龙+补肾中药更安宁溶液灌胃,OVX+HC组、OVX+HC+E组同时喂饲高脂饮食。12周后处死大鼠,测定血浆雌二醇(E2)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)、胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三脂(TG)、一氧化氮(NO)、血管性假性血友病因子(vWF),在光镜及电镜下观察主动脉管壁结构的改变。结果:OVX+E组与OVX组相比,OVX+HC+E组与OVX+HC组相比,均表现Tch、LDL-c明显降低,HDL-c明显升高,血浆NO含量增加;OVX组存在轻度动脉粥样硬化坏死,OVX+HC组动脉管壁损伤严重,伴随vWF明显升高;OVX+E组与OVX+HC+E组动脉管壁结构正常。结论:替勃龙联合补肾中药更安宁治疗能保护血管内皮细胞,对抗高脂血症对动脉管壁的损伤。     

腹腔镜腹膜内补片植入式疝修补术应用解剖研究

目的腹股沟疝是临床常见的外科疾病,主要以手术治疗为主,而腹股沟疝气的手术治疗是以对腹股沟区的解剖逐步认识而发展的,外科医生对腹股沟的解剖贡献巨大,我们通过临床手术实践发现腹股沟的另一种能很好、安全的运用于IPOM手术的解剖。     

Factors affecting the survival following surgical treatment of chronic subdural haematoma: Single institutional experience

BackgroundChronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most commonly treated condition in neurosurgery. It affects elderly populations who often have significant medical co-morbidities resulting in poor prognosis. The study aimed at identifying clinical factors influencing the survival following surgical management of CSDH.MethodsRetrospective study included 267 cases that underwent surgery for CSDH and followed over 5-year period (2010–2015); data retrieved with reference to operation details, radiology reports and discharge. Using logistic and Cox regression analysis, the patient survival data was analysed with respect to patient demographics, type of surgery, co-morbidities, anticoagulation treatment, and discharge destination.ResultsThe overall survival in the cohort was 37.0 months (IQR: 20.0–60.0). The median age of the patients was 76 years (IQR: 66–82) and the median length of hospital stay was 10 days (range 1–126 days; IQR: 6–17 days). The recurrence rate was 6.37% (n = 17). Fifty-three (19.85%) patients recorded deceased on the IPM database as of October 2016 and of those 11 died in hospital. Univariate Cox-regression analysis revealed increased age (HR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.04–3.11), length of hospital stay (HR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.41–4.41) and number of co-morbidities (HR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.26–3.79) were associated with poor prognosis. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at discharge was found to be significantly associated with survival whilst anticoagulation treatment did not. Multivariate analysis confirmed similar findings significant statistically.ConclusionAge at admission, median length of hospital stay, number of co-morbidities, GCS at discharge and discharge destination have been found to influence survival significant statistically.     

Long-term survival after chronic subdural haematoma

Outcome after chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is invariably assumed favourable: however, little data regarding long term survival (LTS) exists. One study reported excess mortality restricted to year 1, but with expected actuarial rates thereafter. We aimed to determine LTS after CSDH in a retrospective analysis relative to actuarial data from age-matched controls. Data was obtained in n = 155, (M:F 97:58, 69.3 ± 2.3 years). Follow-up maxima was 14.19 years (mean: 4.02 ± 3.07 years, median: 5.2 years). Mortality in-hospital, at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years was n = 13 (8.39%), n = 22 (14.19%), n = 31 (20.35%), n = 42 (27.1%) and n = 54 (34.84%). LTS was significantly worse than controls (5.29 ± 0.59 years vs. 17.74 ± 1.8 years, hazard ratio [HR]: 3.52, P < 0.0001). Death most frequently related to pneumonia/sepsis and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Median modified Rankin score (mRS) in those discharged home (n = 94, 60.65%) was 2 [IQR: 1–3]. Discharge mRS in those who died at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years was 5 [IQR: 3–6], 5 [IQR: 4–6], 3 [IQR: 1–3], 4 [IQR: 2–5]. Discharge mRS was significantly worse with year 1 mortality (P = 0.014). LTS related to discharge mRS (HR: 37.006, P < 0.001), post-operative motor-score (HR: 0.581, P = 0.0026), IHD (HR: 5.186, P = 0.005), warfarin-use (HR: 5.93, P = 0.036) and dementia (HR: 5.39, P = 0.031). No long term recurrences (LTR) were recorded. Although most were discharged home with mRS = 2, LTS was markedly less than previously reported: peers lived 12.4 years longer. Although greater in year 1, excess mortality was not restricted to year 1, but continued throughout prolonged follow-up. LTS related to discharge disability and dependence, and co-morbid risk factors for cerebral atrophy. No LTR suggests that, once ultimately closed, the ‘subdural space’ remains closed. CSDH patients represent a vulnerable group who require continued long-term medical surveillance.     

长春新碱抗肿瘤新剂型的研究进展

长春新碱作为临床一线广谱化疗药物广泛用于实体瘤的治疗,由于存在药物半衰期短、神经系统和胃肠道毒性强等缺点,使其临床应用受到限制。因此,提高长春新碱的肿瘤靶向性、延长体内滞留时间,将其制备成新型给药系统具有重要意义。近十年来国内外关于长春新碱的新剂型研究主要有纳米粒、脂质体、微泡、微球等,这些新剂型提高了长春新碱生物利用度,使其具有良好的缓控释能力或肿瘤靶向能力。针对长春新碱抗肿瘤新型给药系统的研究做一综述,为合理开发长春新碱新剂型提供理论依据。     

门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓合并肺血栓栓塞症1例及文献复习

目的 提高临床医师对“临床不典型”及“来源不明”肺血栓栓塞症（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）的诊断意识.方法 对1例肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓合并PTE患者的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征等方面进行病例分析及文献复习.结果 肝硬化脾肿大患者脾切除术后易合并栓塞,如门静脉血栓、肠系膜静脉血栓、PTE等,因虑及肝硬化、肝功能不全,凝血功能异常,并发血栓栓塞时抗凝治疗需严密监测.结论 肝硬化患者脾切除术后,免疫功能低下,除易并发感染外,PTE也易发生,尤其在临床征象不典型时,易漏诊和误诊,除原位血栓外,发生“来源不明”的PTE,需注意排查肠系膜静脉血栓.     

经黏膜下隧道内镜切除术治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤5例临床分析

背景:随着胃镜检查的普及和超声内镜(EUS)技术的成熟,食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)的检出率逐年上升。目的:评估经黏膜下隧道内镜切除术(STER)治疗食管SMTs的疗效和安全性。方法:5例于2012年1～6月于昆山市中医医院接受STER治疗的食管SMT患者纳入研究,肿瘤经EUS和增强CT检查诊断为来源于固有肌层。对其治疗结果、并发症发生情况、近期随访结果等进行回顾性分析。结果:5个病灶均由STER一次性完整切除,病灶长径0.8～2.0 cm,黏膜切开至黏膜切口完整缝合时间为45～95 min。术后病理诊断平滑肌瘤1例,间质瘤4例,切缘均为阴性。术后无出血、穿孔等并发症发生。出院后3个月内镜复查未见病变残留、复发。结论:STER治疗来源于固有肌层的食管SMTs安全、有效,可一次性完整切除病变,提供完整的病理信息,并避免出血、穿孔等并发症,有望成为食管SMTs的主要治疗选择。