医院用血液制品HCV污染情况的调查

目的调查医院治疗用血液制品ＨＣＶ污染情况．方法临床治疗所用的血液制品，在输完后留容器之残液备检．采用酶标免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测．对ＥＬＩＳＡ检测之阳性标本及在阴性标本中随机抽取９份，采用逆转录双ＰＣＲ方法检测ＨＣＶ＿ＲＮＡ．结果血浆白蛋白抗＿ＨＣＶ阳性率４５８％，新鲜血浆阳性率２６％．两种方法检测同一标本，ＥＬＩＳＡ检测阳性的血液制品中，用ＰＣＲ证实，并非都有病毒复制；而在ＥＬＩＳＡ检测的阴性标本中，仍旧有较高的ＰＣＲ阳性检出．结论血液制品存在着ＨＣＶ污染，抗＿ＨＣＶ对于ＨＣＶ感染的诊断价值很高．检测血液制品中的抗＿ＨＣＶ，合理使用血液成份，可防止ＨＣＶ在医院内传播．     

不同类型CT和MR血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤准确率的Meta分析

目的 分析评价不同类型CT血管成像（CTA）和MR血管成像（MRA）诊断颅内动脉瘤（IAN）的准确率。 方法 检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochralle图书馆和中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普网、万方数据库,收集2018年1月以前有关不同类型CTA和MRA诊断IAN的中、英文文献,按照诊断性研究的纳入标准筛选文献,并依据诊断准确性试验质量评价工具2标准进行质量评价。采用Stata 12.0及Meta-Disc 1.4软件对纳入的文献进行Meta分析,分别比较CTA、MRA及亚组之间的合并灵敏度（SEN合并）、合并特异度（SPE合并）、诊断比值比（DOR）、合并阳性似然比（PLR合并）、合并阴性似然比（NLR合并）、验前概率和验后概率等性能指标,绘制森林图和综合受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线并计算曲线下面积（AUC）。采用Stata 12.0统计分析软件绘制Deek's漏斗图评估纳入文献的发表偏倚。通过Q检验和I2进行异质性分析。 结果 检索获得1754篇文献,最终纳入38篇临床诊断研究,包括5212例患者。Meta分析结果显示：①CTA诊断IAN的SEN合并、SPE合并、DOR、PLR合并、NLR合并、AUC、验前概率和验后概率分别为0.947（95%CI：0.926,0.963）、0.916（95%CI：0.864,0.949）、195.328（95%CI：97.367,391.847）、11.218（95%CI：6.861,18.341）、0.057（95%CI：0.040,0.082）、0.98（95%CI：0.96,0.99）、20%和74%;②MRA诊断IAN的SEN合并、SPE合并、DOR、PLR合并、NLR合并、AUC、验前概率和验后概率分别为0.935（95%CI：0.899,0.958）、0.956（95%CI：0.917,0.977）、311.421（95%CI：126.935,764.038）、21.285（95%CI：11.114,40.766）、0.068（95%CI：0.044,0.107）、0.98（95%CI：0.97,0.99）、20%和84%;③亚组分析结果显示：不同类型的CTA和MRA诊断IAN之间AUC的差异均无统计学意义。 结论 不同类型CTA与MRA均可以诊断IAN,诊断准确性均较高且基本一致,CTA和MRA均可作为诊断IAN的首选检查手段。     

腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素分析及防治措施

目的探讨腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素及防治措施。 方法选取2013年2月至2018年10月,甘肃省人民医院收治的52例腹壁切口疝患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据患者术后是否并发肠梗阻分为发生肠梗阻组（30例）与未发生肠梗阻组（22例）。比较2组患者一般资料及围术期相关指标,筛选出肠梗阻发生的易感因素,总结其防治措施。 结果发生肠梗阻组与未发生肠梗阻组在性别、是否合并急慢性支气管炎、是否合并前列腺炎方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组在年龄、手术类型、术前营养状况、切口类型、愈合类型、合并腹水及合并便秘者方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。发生肠梗阻组患者经治疗后腹痛消失时间为（3.40±1.78）d、腹胀消失时间为（4.24±1.57）d、排气时间为（5.96±1.61）d、进食流质时间为（6.95±2.02）d、胃肠减压引流量为（315.21±106.52）ml/d、平均住院时间为（14.59±2.63）d。 结论腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素为男性、合并急慢性支气管炎或前列腺炎,但肠梗阻经及时干预治疗后患者症状及体征均得以显著改善,提示重视易感因素的控制、及早给予治疗是防治肠梗阻的关键。     

Oxidative stress increased hepatotoxicity induced by nano‐titanium dioxide in BRL‐3A cells and Sprague–Dawley rats

Extensive studies have shown that titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanomaterials (NMs) can cause toxicity in vitro and in vivo under normal conditions. However, an adverse effect induced by nano‐TiO₂ in many diseased conditions, typically characterized by oxidative stress (OS), remains unknown. We investigated the toxicity of nano‐TiO₂ in rat liver cells (BRL‐3A) and Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat livers under OS conditions, which were generated using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro and alloxan in vivo, respectively. In vitro results showed that cell death ratios after nano‐TiO₂ exposure were significantly enhanced (up to 2.62‐fold) in BRL‐3A cells under OS conditions, compared with normal controls. Significant interactions between OS conditions and nano‐TiO₂ resulted in the rapid G0/G1 to S phase transition and G2/M arrest, which were opposite to G0/G1 phase arrest in cells after NMs exposure only. In vivo results showed that obvious pathological changes in rat livers and the increased activities of four enzymes (i.e. aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) owing to liver damage after nano‐TiO₂ exposure under OS conditions, compared with their healthy controls. In addition, compared with increased hepatotoxicity after nano‐TiO₂ exposure, micro‐TiO₂ showed no adverse effects to cells and rat livers under OS conditions. Our results suggested that OS conditions synergistically increase nano‐TiO₂ induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the evaluation of nanotoxicity under OS conditions is essentially needed prior to various applications of NMs in foods, cosmetics and potential treatment of diseases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二甲双胍对肺腺癌细胞Nrf2基因表达的调控作用研究

目的探讨Nrf2基因在对顺铂耐药的肺腺癌细胞中的表达及二甲双胍对其调控作用的研究。方法应用细胞增殖实验(CCK-8)和流式细胞仪,检测二甲双胍对肺腺癌A549和A549/DDP细胞增殖抑制率、凋亡率,RealtimePCR检测相关耐药基因表达,Western Blot法检测相关蛋白水平表达。结果 Nrf2、GSTA1、ABCC1等基因在A549、A549/DDP细胞间表达存在显著差异,在A549/DDP细胞中呈高表达;二甲双胍能够抑制A549、A549/DDP细胞Nrf2及下游GSTA1、ABCC1基因的表达,并进一步抑制细胞增殖和诱导A549/DDP细胞凋亡。结论 Nrf2基因及下游基因在肺腺癌细胞不同细胞株表达存在差异,二甲双胍可影响其表达。     

The prevalence and characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in China

Data on the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China is scarce. We conducted a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study involving 12 hospitals from six regional cities to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea and related risk factors, diabetic complications and comorbidities in China. Each hospital recruited at least 70 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the endocrinology ward. A total of 880 participants were enrolled and administered overnight sleep monitoring with a portable monitor (ApneaLink^?, ResMed, San Diego, CA, USA); other information was collected from medical charts and a standardized questionnaire. In this study, 60.0% (95% confidence interval: 56.8%, 63.2%) of hospitalized patients in China with type 2 diabetes mellitus had comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5). Only 1.5% (eight of 528) of the patients with both conditions had been diagnosed previously with obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of moderate–severe (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15) and severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 30) was estimated to be 25.6% (22.7, 28.5%) and 10.3% (8.3, 12.4%), respectively. Age, sex, body mass index, snoring, reported breath‐holding in sleep or gasping or choking arousal, sleepiness, diabetes duration, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases history were correlated significantly with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. In China, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high. Routine screening for and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is an important, but often neglected, part of the management of diabetes.     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值及单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值在多发性骨髓瘤患者中的预后意义

目的:研究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞/淋巴细胞比值(MLR)对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析甘肃省人民医院收治的初发MM患者82例,根据血常规结果分别计算出NLR、MLR;根据患者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分别确定NLR和MLR的最佳截断点,将患者分为高NLR组、低NLR组和高M...     

比索洛尔在老年人心力衰竭中的治疗作用

目的 :探讨选择性 β受体阻滞剂比索洛尔对老年人心力衰竭的治疗作用。方法 :给予 2 8例老年人心力衰竭患者口服比索洛尔 8周以上 ,观察用药前后患者的临床症状、体征及血流动力学变化。结果 :2 4例患者的临床症状及体征有所改善 ,2 2例患者的血流动力学有不同程度的改善。结论 :比索洛尔可明显改善老年人心力衰竭患者的临床症状、体征及血流动力学指标     

原发性胆囊癌的胆囊动脉血流动力学研究

目的：提高对原发性胆囊癌的诊断准确率，观察和分析胆囊肿瘤和胆囊动脉的血流参数。方法：用彩色多普勒血流显像技术，对37例原发性胆囊癌和6例胆囊腺瘤的供养动脉和胆囊动脉的血流动态变化进行检测，并与30例正常人的胆囊动脉血流参数对照。采用指标为：最大流速（Vmax），最低流速（Vmin），平均流速（Vmean)，搏动指数（PI），阻力指数（RI）和流速峰谷比（A／B值）。结果：原发性胆囊癌组的胆囊动脉及供养动脉血流的流速及A／B值均增高（P＜0．005），肿瘤供养动脉血流的RI和A／B值均高于胆囊腺瘤组。结论：高阻，中高速的胆囊动脉血流是原发性胆囊癌的特征性表现，而肿瘤供养动脉血流是胆囊肿瘤与伪瘤样病灶鉴别诊断的可靠征象。