数字减影CT血管成像对颅内小动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：评价数字减影 CT 血管成像(DSCTA)在颅内小动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析92例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)或手术确诊为颅内动脉瘤患者的临床及 CT 影像资料,比较 DSCTA 和常规 CT 血管成像(CTA)2种技术对颅内动脉瘤检测的准确性。结果92例患者经证实共有102个动脉瘤,DSCTA 检出其中100个,常规 CTA 检出其中89个(χ2=8.707,P =0.003)。DSCTA 漏诊海绵窦段和床突下段动脉瘤各1例,而常规 CTA 漏诊13例床突下段及海绵窦段与颅骨紧贴<5.0 mm 的小动脉瘤。进一步将<3.0 mm 和3.0~5.0 mm 的动脉瘤合并计算,DSCTA 对检出5.0 mm 以下动脉瘤的敏感性显著高于常规CTA 技术(χ2=8.393,P =0.004)。结论DSCTA 对颅内动脉瘤诊断优于常规 CTA,尤其对颅底毗邻小动脉瘤的诊断有明显的优势,可作为筛查和诊断颅内动脉瘤的首选检查技术。     

CT血管成像和MR血管成像对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的比较

目的 采用Meta分析法比较CT血管成像（computer tomography angiography，CTA）和MR血管成像（magnetic resonance angiography，MRA）对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、Medline、Ovid数据库和中国期刊网中有关的中英文文献，按照Cochran协作网推荐的诊断试验纳入标准选取A级文献，并提取纳入研究的诊断信息。统计分析采用Meta-Test version 0．9软件，检验异质性，再根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模犁。对所纳入的研究予以加权定量合并，计算汇总敏感度和特异度及其95％可信区间，绘制汇总受试者工作特征曲线（SROC）。结果 按照纳入标准共获取文献11篇，其中有关CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤4篇（单层螺旋CT），MRA为5篇[三维时间飞跃法（3D TOF）]，二者共同研究者2篇；前瞻性研究7篇，回顾性4篇；各组研究均存在异质性，按照随机效应模型对纳入文献行汇总分析。结果显示，对于每个颅内动脉瘤CTA诊断的敏感度、特异度及95％可信区间分别为0．84（0．78～0．88）和0．77（0．68～0．84），MRA分别为0．68（0．63～0．72）和0．76（0．70～0．82）；SROC曲线下面积分别为95．40％和79．71％。结论 对于每个颅内动脉瘤，CTA诊断的准确性明显高于3D TOF法MRA。     

CT和MR血管造影在颅内静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的：评价CT、MR血管造影在诊断颅内静脉畸形中的价值与限度。材料和方法：5例经DSA证实的颅内静脉畸形病例,男2例,女3例,平均年龄37岁（10-66岁）,幕上1例,幕下4例。分别在动脉期（CTA）和静脉期（CTV）扫描采样,运用SSD和MIP进行重建,全部病例行MRA、MRV检查,4例做了增强前后MRV检查。结果：CTA显示所有病灶,但没有显示颅内静脉畸形的“海蛇头“,即引流静脉影像特征,而CTV不仅显示病灶,而且还显示了引流静脉“海蛇头“影像特征;MRV显示5例病灶和其特征性的“海蛇头“影像特征,MRA没有一例显示病灶的“海蛇头“表现,4例增强前后MRV没有明显差异。结论：MRV和静脉期的CT血管造影（CTV）是诊断和随访颅内静脉畸形的有效方法,优于动脉期的CT血管造影（CTA）,MRA可作筛选之用,排除其他血管性病变。     

CT血管成像和MR血管成像在颅内创伤性动脉瘤中的诊断价值

颅内创伤性动脉瘤（traumatic aneurysm，TA）国内外报道较少，其检查方法多采用数字减影血管造影术（DSA），而C血管成像（CTA）和MR血管成像（MRA）及其临床诊断价值尚未见系统报道。笔者收集近期6例TA患者资料，并对这两种检查方法进行初步探讨。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的Meta分析

目的对多层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的文献进行荟萃分析,评价多层螺旋CTA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。资料与方法以多层螺旋CT、CT血管造影、数字血管减影血管造影、颅内动脉瘤为检索词,检索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、中国知网(CNKI)以及Cochrane图书馆数据库,文献检索时间2005-01～2011-01,同时检索纳入文献的参考文献。纳入探讨以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为"金标准"的关于CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的文献,进行质量评价和资料提取,检验研究间的异质性,对诊断准确度指标进行Meta分析,绘制森林图,并进行综合受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)分析。结果符合纳入标准的文献共25篇,各研究之间存在低度异质性,按照随机效应模型计算汇总敏感度、特异度与诊断优势比分别为0.96(95%CI:0.95～0.97)、1.00(95%CI:1.00～1.00);SROC下面积为0.9988,Q指数为0.9894。结论多层螺旋CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤具有较高的敏感度及特异度,与DSA诊断价值相当,在颅内动脉瘤的筛查与诊断中具有重要临床意义。     

CT和MR血管成像诊断急性肺栓塞的Meta分析

目的：应用 Meta 分析法,以 DSA 为金标准,探讨 CT 肺动脉成像（CTPA）和磁共振肺血管成像（MRPA）对肺动脉栓塞（PE）的诊断价值。方法：检索 Cochrane 图书馆、Medline 数据库、Springerlink 数据库及 Ovid 循证医学数据库中1994～2013年发表的英文文献以及知网数据库和万方医学数据库中1994～2013年发表的中文文献,按照 Cochrane 协作网推荐的诊断性实验的纳入标准,严格筛选与“CTPA 和／或 MRPA 诊断急性 PE”相关的文献。在符合条件的文献中提取诊断信息（包括真阳性值、假阳性值、真阴性值、假阴性值）和其它相关数据。采用 Stata 12软件和 Meta-disc 1．4软件对纳入文献行统计学处理,包括异质性检验,计算敏感度和特异度及其95％可信区间,选择相应的效应模型予以加权定量合并,绘制汇总的工作特征曲线（SROC）,最后进行敏感性分析。结果：按照纳入标准共获取有效文献17篇,其中与 CTPA相关的文献10篇,与 MRPA 相关的文献7篇。17篇文献均满足诊断性研究质量评价工具（QUADAS）中提出的14项标准中的10项以上。CTPA 及 MRPA 两组中的相关研究均有异质性,按照随机效应模型对纳入文献进行汇总分析。结果显示,CTPA 诊断肺栓塞的敏感度、特异度及各自的95％可信区间分别为0．78（0．74～0．82）和0．90（0．87～0．92）,MR-PA 为0．86（0．79～0．92）和0．97（0．94～0．99）,SROC 下面积分别为94％和98％。结论：CTPA 和 MRPA 对急性肺栓塞的诊断均具有很高的价值,两种方法的诊断特异度均很高,作为诊断肺栓塞的无创性检查方法可基本替代 DSA 检查。     

MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值及进展

颅内动脉瘤是严重危害人类健康的脑血管病之一，磁共振血管成像（MRA）作为一种新的无创性评价颅内动脉瘤的方法日益受到重视。本文综述MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值及进展。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。材料和方法:对比分析21例颅内动脉瘤的多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)和数字减影血管成像(DSA)的表现。结果:21例中,MSCTA发现21个动脉瘤,DSA发现20个动脉瘤,其中1例双侧动脉瘤,DSA只发现1侧,另1例MSCTA及DSA均未发现病变;21个动脉瘤中18个为圆形或类圆形,3个为不规则形,平均最长径为6.9mm(2.2~15mm);21个动脉瘤1个位于后交通动脉,2个位于基底动脉,5个位于大脑前动脉,5个位于大脑中动脉,8个位于前交通动脉。结论:MSCTA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断具有较高价值,可以作为外科治疗或介入治疗颅内动脉瘤的筛选方法。     

16层CT血管成像对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨16层CT血管成像(16SCTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法:58例颅内动脉瘤患者行16SCTA检查,应用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重组(MPR)对颅内动脉瘤显示情况进行评价,并将结果与DSA和/(或)手术结果比较。结果:58例共发现动脉瘤69个,其中单个动脉瘤50例,2个动脉瘤7例(14个),3个以上动脉瘤1例(5个)。16SCTA清晰显示了颅内动脉瘤的部位、瘤颈、载瘤动脉的关系及与周围邻近结构的空间关系。结论:16SCTA具有无创、快捷、安全、准确性高的特点,可作为颅内动脉瘤患者首选而有效的筛查方法。     

CT血管成像在心脑血管一站式成像中的研究进展

心脑血管疾病是我国因病致死的首要死因,其发病率逐年上升。CT血管成像（CTA）检查心脑血管疾病逐渐广泛应用于临床,它能够全方位地观察心脑血管,清晰显示血管的解剖结构及病变部位。传统的心脑血管扫描分为两次,辐射剂量大且操作复杂。近年来,许多学者对心脑血管联合扫描一站式成像进行了研究,其简便、快捷、无创、辐射剂量低、对比剂使用少、准确性高等优点使其被广泛应用。笔者就CTA在心脑血管一站式成像中的研究进展进行综述。     

Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial aneurysms: comparison with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

Summary Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with flow rephased gradient-echo sequences is a new non-invasive method for vascular imaging. We compared MRA and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in 18 patients with intracranial aneurysms to test whether MRA presently provides an alternative to cerebral angiography for the diagnosis of these anomalies. MRA showed 19 of the 22 aneurysms detected (86.4%). However, problems, especially with turbulent or slow flow, resulted in 6 studies (27.3%) with limited and 2 with questionable demonstration of an aneurysm, and 1 false negative study. At present, MRA is definitely inferior to angiography for the demonstration of intracranial aneurysms, due to its lower resolution and other limitations.     

Three-dimensional display of the orifice of intracranial aneurysms: a new potential application for magnetic resonance angiography

Our aim was to demonstrate the orifice of intracranial aneurysms by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The aneurysmal orifice is that part of its lumen that communicates with the parent vessel. We studied 12 patients with 17 intracranial aneurysms using three-dimensional display (3DD) MRA; 15 of the aneurysms had previously been shown by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The overall image quality of 3DD MRA was excellent in 10 patients. The orifice was clearly demonstrated in 13 aneurysms (76%) providing unique information about its size, shape and orientation. The orifice of 2 aneurysms (12%) was not demonstrated. Two aneurysms (12%) were not detected on MRA. Although 3DD MRA has limitations this study suggests that it can accurately define the orifice of aneurysms and could be used to provide information crucial for endovascular treatment.     

磁共振体层血管造影对三叉神经痛诊断价值的研究

目的：探讨磁共振体层血管造影（MRTA）对三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法：回顾性地分析120例经手术治疗的三叉神经痛患者的MRTA表现及手术结果。结果：120例症状侧MRTA检查有血管压迫者为79侧，接触者为28侧，共107侧，敏感性为89．17％。120例症状侧行手术治疗，手术发现有血管压迫或接触者76侧，MRTA检查诊断神经血管压迫和接触的特异性分别为96．2％和82．14％。结论：MRTA成像作为一项新的影像学检查技术，能较好地显示三叉神经根与周围血管之间的关系，从而为三叉神经痛的病因诊断及临床的治疗提供可靠的影像学依据。     

218例前交通动脉瘤三维CT血管造影临床分析

目的：对前交通动脉瘤的三维CT血管造影（three dimensional computed tomographic angiography,3D-CTA）结果进行分析。方法：总结分析了我院近6年经手术证实的218例前交通动脉瘤的影像学资料,随机选取220例非前交通动脉瘤的3D-CTA作为对照。结果：218例前交通动脉瘤中,180例为动脉瘤侧大脑前动脉灿段呈优势供血,对侧大脑前动脉A1段纤细或缺如,血管影像出现明显的A1优势征;对照组中,210例的大脑前动脉血管影像双侧对称,无以上表现,仅10例出现“A1优势征”。结论：双侧大脑前动脉发育不均衡是形成前交通动脉瘤的高危因素,出现“A1优势征”的患者应积极随访观察。     

3.0T时间飞跃法MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤-与DSA对照

目的评价3.0T时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像(3.0TTOFMRA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对34例临床提示颅内动脉瘤患者前瞻性行3.0TTOFMRA及脑血管DSA检查。所有图像由3名医师分成2组在工作站上进行读片。第1组由2名高年资神经影像组医师分别独立阅读重建的最大密度投影(MIP)图像;第2组由1名高年资神经影像组医师同时阅读MIP和原始数据图像(sourceimage)。以DSA诊断结果作为标准,评价3.0TTOFMRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的灵敏度、特异度及正确率。结果DSA共检测20枚动脉瘤(19例),其中颈内动脉7例,前交通动脉5例,后交通动脉5例,大脑前、中动脉各1例。TOFMRA总体诊断灵敏度、特异度、正确率分别为94.8%、89.4%和91.4%。第2组的诊断有效性最高,两组间诊断阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.242,P>0.05和χ2=0.172,P>0.05)。结论3.0TTOFMRA作为一种快速、无创的影像检查方法,能够很好显示颅内动脉瘤。MIP结合Source图像可提高3.0TTOFMRA诊断的准确性。     

Detection of intracranial aneurysms by three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for detection of intracranial aneurysms. Ninety-six consecutive patients who underwent both MRA using the three-dimensional time-of-flight technique (3D TOF) with the rephase/dephase subtraction method and conventional angiography were reviewed. MRA showed 22 aneurysms in 19 patients, and conventional angiography 28 aneurysms in 23 patients. The sensitivity of MRA was thus 79% for aneurysms in 83% of patients. MRA showed no aneurysm in 67 of 73 patients without aneurysms; its specificity was therefore 92%. The 6 false positive interpretations were suspected internal carotid artery aneurysms.     

Magnetic resonance angiography in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a study of 51 cases

We report preliminary experience with the use of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms. The aims of the study were to confirm that aneurysms could be detected and to assess the quality of the images with a view to early surgery if clinically indicated. We studied 51 patients with recent spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage with MRA, using a three-dimensional time-of-flight technique. The results of MRA were subsequently confirmed on intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) for anatomical correlation, and were considered satisfactory in 38 patients (74.5 %). In 20 patients early surgical obliteration of their aneurysm was possible on the MRA results without recourse to IA-DSA. A total of 37 aneurysms were identified in 32 patients, while the remaining 6 patients did not have an aneurysm. MRA was misinterpreted in 4 patients (7.9 %), and in 9 other patients (17.6 %) MRA was unsatisfactory due to movement artefacts. Received: 1 September 1994 Accepted: 12 May 1995     

Characterisation of intracranial aneurysms with MR angiography

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of 3D time-of-flight (TOF) acquisitions in the characterisation of intracranial aneurysms. Fourteen patients with aneurysms proven on intra-arterial angiography were first studied with a 3D TOF acquisition. When the aneurysms were incompletely demonstrated, additional MR angiography (MRA) acquisitions were performed, including black-blood MRA, 2D TOF, phase-contrast and contrast-enhanced TOF. 3D TOF MRA was sufficient for detection of the aneurysm in 13 of 14 cases and characterisation of the aneurysm was possible in 6. All the initial shortcomings of the TOF technique could be analysed and explained by means of additional MRA techniques. This study suggests that the combination of different MRA techniques offers new possibilities for noninvasive investigation of intracranial aneurysms.     

Magnetic resonance tomographic angiography: diagnostic value in trigeminal neuralgia

A combination of MRI, MR angiography and MR tomographic angiography (MRTA) was used to study the relationship to the root exit zone of the trigeminal nerve to surrounding vascular structures in seven patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and ten patients with no evidence at a lesion in this region. MRTA is the technique for showing the relationship between vessels, cranial nerves and brain stem. MRTA clearly demonstrated the presence of a vessel at the root exit zone of the trigeminal nerve in all patients with TN. In the ten other patients, examination of 20 trigeminal nerves revealed that only one nerve (5%) was in contact with a vessel at the root exit zone. This study supports vascular compression of trigeminal nerves as a cause of TN, and demonstrates the value of MRTA as noninvasive technique for demonstrating compression.