Parkinson''''s Disease and Smoking: An Integral Part of PD''''s Etiological Study

INTRODUCTION Parkinson抯 disease (PD), a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder, is featured with bradykinesia, resting, muscular rigidity, gait disturbances, and postural reflex impairment[1]. PD is rare before age of 50 years, but it increases dramatically with older ages, with peak onset occurring during the age of 70-85 years. In the United States, prevalence of PD in all age groups is approximately 150 per 100 000 and is roughly 30 per 100 000 at age of less than 50 years and 800 …     

枸杞多糖对氧化损伤大鼠晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的调控

目的 :研究枸杞多糖 (lyciumbarbarumpolysaccha rides,LBP)对实验性晶状体氧化损伤所致晶状体上皮细胞(lensepithelialcell,LEC)凋亡的影响。方法 :复制大鼠晶状体LEC凋亡模型 ,将 2 4只透明晶状体随机分为 4组 ,空白组、H2 O2 组、白内停组、枸杞多糖组。枸杞多糖组加入终浓度为1g/L的枸杞多糖共同孵育 2 4h ,采用TUNEL法检测LEC凋亡率 ,用透射电子显微镜观察LEC超微结构改变。结果H2 O2 组LEC凋亡率 (92 .0± 2 .5 5 )显著高于空白组 (3.5± 1.84 ) ,(t=6 2 .97,P <0 .0 1) ;枸杞多糖组LEC凋亡率 (16 .6±8.11)与白内停组比较 ,差异有非常显著性 (t=15 .5 0 ,P <0 .0 1)。透射电镜观察 ,H2 O2 组胞浆明显浓缩 ,核内染色质凝聚或成块 ,枸杞多糖组多数LEC形态改变轻微 ,表现为胞浆基质密度轻度升高 ,部分线粒体水肿 ,细胞间间隙增宽。结论 :枸杞多糖可明显抑制LEC凋亡 ,从祖国医药中寻求防治白内障的有效药物具有广阔前景。     

广东省科技期刊编辑个性心理特征的分析

目的探索广东省科技期刊编辑的个性特征,为管理部门对其进行继续教育提供依据。方法2004年10月至2005年5月采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对广东省65家科技期刊的编辑人员进行问卷调查,并进行统计学分析。结果共调查129名编辑人员,其SCL-90总分(123±39)、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执因子评分均低于全国成人常模(P<0.05或P<0.01);心理症状阳性检出率为22.5%;男性的强迫症状、偏执因子评分高于女性(P<0.05);编辑组男、女性与成人常模组比较,EPQ中精神质因子(P)与神经质因子(N)得分较低,而内外向因子(E)与掩饰性因子(L)得分较高(P<0.05或P<0.01);EPQ中N因子是编辑心理健康的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论广东省科技期刊编辑总体心理健康状况较好,但少部分编辑存在心理问题,仍需对编辑群体加强编辑心理与心理健康方面的教育。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与缺血性脑卒中发病风险相关性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与缺血性脑卒中（IS）发病风险的相关性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI、WanFang、VIP等数据库。搜集Hp感染与IS发病风险相关性的观察性研究,检索时限从建库至2020年12月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取信息并评价纳入研究的质量及偏倚风险,采用Stata软件进行meta分析。结果 共纳入26项比较,发表在24篇文献中,涉及111 059例患者,包括19项病例对照研究,7项队列研究。文献质量均评价为中高水平。meta分析结果显示:Hp感染可增加IS的发病风险 [OR（95%CI） = 1.52（1.31～1.77）,P＜0.01]。以研究类型[病例对照研究（OR = 1.69）]、Hp感染检测指标[Hp - IgG（OR = 1.42）、CagA - IgG（OR = 2.09）、C - 14（OR = 3.30）]、卒中病因分型[大动脉粥样硬化型（OR = 2.69）]为分类依据进行亚组分析,发现Hp感染可以增加IS的发病风险。结论 Hp感染与IS发病风险具有一定的相关性,但该结论尚需更多高质量病因学研究进一步证实。     

Azone® Decreases the Buccal Mucosal Permeation of Diazepam in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via a Reservoir Effect

The purpose of this study was to examine concentration-dependent effects of Azone® (AZ) on the buccal absorption of diazepam (DIAZ). Porcine buccal mucosa was placed in modified Ussing chambers and pretreated with 10 μL of 0%, 5%, 20%, and 50% (w/v) AZ in ethanol. DIAZ was administered to the donor chamber either in solution or a chitosan-based gel. The donor chamber disappearance, receptor chamber appearance, and tissue retention of DIAZ were monitored over 2 h by HPLC, with AZ tissue disposition also measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry profiling of tissue cryosections. DIAZ steady-state flux values significantly (p < 0.05) decreased 1.4- and 2.4-fold in 20% and 50% AZ-pretreated tissues, respectively. Only 20% and 50% AZ-pretreated tissues were also accompanied by an increased loss of DIAZ from the donor chamber, suggesting DIAZ was forming a reservoir in the buccal mucosa with higher AZ concentrations. Indeed, the percentage of the initial DIAZ dose remaining in the mucosa following a 2 h experiment was increased 3.0-fold with a 50% AZ pretreatment compared with control. AZ provided a concentration-dependent reservoir for DIAZ in buccal mucosa, resulting in retarded release into the receptor chamber, an approach that may be exploited for controlled release of DIAZ. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:1133–1141, 2014     

IL-6 receptor blockade ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting inflammasome in mice

Background and ObjectiveInterleukin 6 (IL-6) has been identified as a key mediator in inflammation, immune responses and glucose metabolism. In this study, we assessed the effects of an IL-6 receptor antibody on diabetic nephropathy in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsTwelve week old male db/db mice were treated with Tocilizumab (an IL-6 receptor antibody), normal IgG1 control antibody, insulin or normal saline for 12 weeks. Renal injury, inflammation and insulin resistance were assessed.ResultsDb/db mice treated with Tocilizumab exhibited reduced proteinuria and glomerular mesangial matrix accumulation compared to db/db + IgG controls. Additionally, Tocilizumab suppressed inflammatory response, oxidative stress and the IL-6 signaling pathway in the diabetic kidneys. It is noteworthy that blockade of IL-6 receptor blunted the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome partly through inhibition of IL-17A. Furthermore, insulin resistance assessed by glucose tolerance test, was ameliorated by Tocilizumab treatment.ConclusionsThe protective effects of an IL-6 receptor blockade against diabetic renal injury may be due to decreased insulin resistance and inhibition of the inflammasome.     

脂质蓄积指数和内脏脂肪指数对成年人代谢综合征的预测价值研究

背景　脂质蓄积指数（LAP）和内脏脂肪指数（VAI）是反映个体脂肪分布及内脏脂肪蓄积程度的重要指标，与肥胖相关的慢性代谢性疾病关系密切。目的　探讨LAP和VAI与成年人代谢综合征（MS）的相关性，并评估LAP、VAI对MS的预测价值。方法　纳入2018年9月至2019年5月在中日友好医院体检中心进行体检的708例受试者，其中MS患者249例（MS组），非MS患者459例（非MS组），比较两组患者LAP、VAI及相关生化指标。根据LAP、VAI四分位数将受试者进行分组（L1组、L2组、L3组、L4组各177例；V1组、V2组、V3组、V4组各177例），比较各组MS及其组分发生率。采用多因素Logistic回归分析计算不同LAP、VAI受试者MS的发生风险，并分别绘制不同性别LAP、VAI、腰围（WC）、体质指数（BMI）预测MS发生风险的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线。结果　LAP和VAI与成年人MS发生率呈高强度正相关（Cramer's V=0.585、0.577）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，在调整各危险因素后，L3组、L4组MS发生风险仍高于L1组，V3组、V4组MS发生风险仍高于V1组（P<0.001）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，男性LAP、VAI预测MS发生风险的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.831〔95%CI（0.795，0.867）〕、0.825〔95%CI（0.788，0.863）〕，临界值分别为52.03、1.99；女性LAP、VAI预测MS发生风险的AUC分别为0.887〔95%CI（0.834，0.940）〕、0.886〔95%CI（0.827，0.945）〕，临界值分别为54.84、2.54。结论　LAP、VAI与成年人MS发生率呈高强度正相关，随着LAP、VAI增高，MS发生风险亦增高；LAP、VAI对MS有良好的预测价值，联合WC和BMI能有效预测MS。     

Rubik’s Cube+: A self-supervised feature learning framework for 3D medical image analysis

Due to the development of deep learning, an increasing number of research works have been proposed to establish automated analysis systems for 3D volumetric medical data to improve the quality of patient care. However, it is challenging to obtain a large number of annotated 3D medical data needed to train a neural network well, as such manual annotation by physicians is time consuming and laborious. Self-supervised learning is one of the potential solutions to mitigate the strong requirement of data annotation by deeply exploiting raw data information. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised learning framework for volumetric medical data. Specifically, we propose a pretext task, i.e., Rubik’s cube+, to pre-train 3D neural networks. The pretext task involves three operations, namely cube ordering, cube rotating and cube masking, forcing networks to learn translation and rotation invariant features from the original 3D medical data, and tolerate the noise of the data at the same time. Compared to the strategy of training from scratch, fine-tuning from the Rubik’s cube+ pre-trained weights can remarkablely boost the accuracy of 3D neural networks on various tasks, such as cerebral hemorrhage classification and brain tumor segmentation, without the use of extra data.