马钱子的毒性研究进展

钱子有较明显的药效,在临床及民间多有应用,但因马钱子治疗剂量与中毒剂量较接近,其临床应用的毒副反应报道也多,限制了马钱子的广泛使用.马钱子在治疗各种疾病中疗效肯定,是具有较大开发潜力的中药.文章回顾和分析了近年来研究有毒中药马钱子的文献,总结并归纳马钱子在化学成分、毒理学、药代动力学、减毒增效方面的研究进展,为今后深入进行中药毒性,特别是马钱子的毒性研究提供相关的依据,并针对马钱子减毒增效的机制为马钱子的临床应用提供了合理性的建议.     

人胎视网膜发生的光镜和电镜观察

本文在光镜下观察40例人胎视网膜的发生,在电镜下观察15例人胎视网膜视细胞、双极细胞、节细胞的发育。结果表明:胚胎第9周时神经上皮可分内、外成神经细胞层。第10周时内、外成神经细胞层之间的Chievitz带消失;第11周时节细胞从内成神经细胞层内迁;第13周节细胞与内成神经细胞之间出现内网层;第16周始双极细胞从外成神经细胞层中内迁形成外网层和内核层。第20周后视网膜各层形成。而视细胞、双极细胞、节细胞的超微结构于胎儿8个月后才发育完善。其结构与成人基本相同。     

Expression of Anion Exchanger 1 Sequestrates p16 in the Cytoplasm in Gastric and Colonic Adenocarcinoma

p16^INK4A (p16) binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and negatively regulates cell growth. Recent studies have led to an understanding of additional biologic functions for p16; however, the detailed mechanisms involved are still elusive. In this article, we show an unexpected expression of anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the cytoplasm in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma cells and in its interaction with p16, thereby sequestrating the protein in the cytoplasm. Genetic alterations of p16 and AE1 were not detectable. Forced expression of AE1 in these cells sequestrated more p16 in the cytoplasm, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of AE1 in the cells induced the release of p16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to cell death and growth inhibition of tumor cells. By analyzing tissue samples obtained from patients with gastric and colonic cancers, we found that 83.33% of gastric cancers and 56.52% of colonic cancers coexpressed AE1 and p16 in the cytoplasm. We conclude that AE1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma and that p16 dysfunction is a novel pathway of carcinogenesis.     

用逆转录—聚合酶链反应法对类胰岛素生长因子cDNA的扩增

逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法是将PCR方法与逆转录法结合应用,可快速高效地扩增某一基因的全cDNA。类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)在人染色体中只有一个基因,全长超过45kb,并有内含子,其cDNA却只有几百个bp,为了表达得到IGF-I,本文利用RT-PCR方法,从胎肝提出的混合mRNA中,筛选并扩增了IGF-I的cDNA。经过分子克隆与测序,证明不需制备胎肝cDNA库,即可快速获得IGF-I的cDNA。     

青年人原发性肝癌的治疗与预后分析

目的:探讨青年人原发性肝癌手术切除率低及术后复发率较高的原因.方法:将1985年1月～2000年1月收治的原发性肝癌173例患者分为青年组(≤35岁)83例和中老年组(≥36岁)90例,对其临床资料、手术切除率、术后复发率及生存率等进行比较分析.结果:青年组原发性肝癌手术切除率、术后1年复发率分别为26.51%(22/83)和68.18%(15/22),术后1、3、5年生存率分别为59.09%(13/22)、22.73%(5/22)和9.09%(2/22).中老年组原发性肝癌手术切除率、术后1年复发率分别为53.33%(48/90)和37.50%(18/48),术后1、3、5年生存率分别为81.25%(39/48)、47.92%(23/48)和39.58%(19/48).青年组各项生存率指标均较中老年组低(P＜0.01).结论:青年组原发性肝癌具有肿瘤生长迅速、侵袭力强、门静脉癌栓发生率高、多表现为巨块型及弥漫型等特点,导致手术切除率较低及术后复发率较高.     

改良保肾方Ⅱ号对糖尿病肾病大鼠血清超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的观察改良保肾方II号对糖尿病（DM）大鼠肾脏病变的炎症标志物超敏C反应蛋白（Hs-crp）的影响，并探讨其保肾作用及机制。方法以链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠模型。观察用药12周末不同剂量改良保肾方Ⅱ号对尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）、血糖（GLU）、尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、血脂以及炎症标志物Hs-crp等一系列指标的影响。结果给予改良保肾方II号治疗的糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠，其肾功能、GLU、血脂、UAER及Hs-crp水平较模型对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论改良保肾方Ⅱ号具有明显改善DN大鼠的一般状态，降低尿蛋白、降糖、调节脂代谢紊乱的作用，其肾脏保护作用机制部分可能与抑制肾内炎症有关。     

人表皮角质细胞系培养过程中细胞生物学行为和表型的变化

目的:获得较高比例的已分化表皮细胞,为表皮细胞去分化研究奠定基础.方法:采用常规表皮细胞培养方法对人表皮角质细胞系(HEK)进行培养和传代.每一代细胞均通过免疫细胞化学染色和Western blot 方法进行表皮干细胞和表皮细胞相应标志物的检测,包括β1整合素、角蛋白19(K19)、角蛋白10(K10)等指标.结果:第1代HEK呈克隆样生长,表皮干细胞标志物β1整合素、K19均有高表达,而K10的表达为阴性.经过数次传代,细胞克隆形成数目减少,细胞逐渐呈分散分布,K10的表达逐渐增高,而β1整合素、K19的表达呈下降趋势,比例减少.细胞培养至第5～6代时,为其生长的一个转折点,即此时细胞增殖能力开始明显降低,但形态良好,K10表达阳性细胞比例明显增高,而β1整合素、K19表达阳性细胞比例迅速降低.细胞培养至10～11代时,为其生长的第二个转折点,此时细胞几乎丧失增殖能力,数量显著减少,体积变大,核浆比明显减小,完全见不到β1整合素、K19表达阳性细胞,K10染色均为阳性.结论:可以选取适当代数的HEK用于去分化研究,为增加HEK的新用途提供了实验基础.     

Electrophysiological evaluation in 4 patients with diabetic pseudotabes

BACKGROUND: Researches on diabetic nervous system lesion are mainly focus on peripheral nerve and vegetative nerve, so there are few investigations on diabetic pseudotabes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the electrophysiological examinations on the diagnosis of diabetic pseudotabes. DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Department of Electrophysiology and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 3 males and 1 female aged from 50 to 72 years, were selected from Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from March 2002 to February 2005. All accepted subjects met the modified diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus, which was set by American Diabetes Mellitus Association (ADA) in 1997. Otherwise, the subjects had typical symptoms and physical signs of spinal posterior funiculus damage. However, patients with spinal cord lesion which was caused by other factors were excluded. All accepted subjects provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Nicolet NT electromyography (EMG)/evoked potential meter (made in the USA) was used to detect spinal cord conduction velocity (SCCV), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of lower limbs, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of extremities. Determining criteria: Measurements were performed based on the laboratory standards. SCCV, which was less than lower limit of normal value (T2–12: 40–55 m/s, T12–L4: 20–41 m/s, T2–L4: 36–45 m/s), was regarded as abnormal. SEP value of lower limbs: P40, P60 and PF, which were more than standard deviation of normal value (x(—)+2.5), were regarded as the abnormality. Normal value of P40, P60 and PF latencies (x(—)±s) in this study: P40, P60 and PF in males were (37.6±1.9) ms, (59.8±3.9) ms and (7.6±0.9) ms, respectively; meanwhile, those in females were (35.5±1.7) ms, (55.2±2.7) ms and (6.3±0.7) ms, respectively. MNCV and SNCV, which were less than 50 m/s in upper limbs and 40 m/s in lower limbs, were regarded as the abnormality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electrophysiological examinations. RESULTS: All 4 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in the final analysis. ① SCCV: Among 4 patients, SCCV of three patients was decreased in T2–12, T12–L4 and T2–L4, and that of the other one was decreased in T2–12 and T2–L4; however, SCCV in T12–L4 was normal. There was significant difference as compared with normal value (P < 0.01). ② SEP of lower limbs: SEP values of lower limbs were abnormal in all 4 patients. Among them, P40, P60 and PF latencies of two patients were delayed; P40 of one patient was delayed and PF was not drained out; P40 and P60 of the last one were delayed and PF was normal. ③ MNCV and SNCV: The MNCV and SNCV were normal in one patient and abnormal in three patients. The results demonstrated that MNCV and SNCV of extremities decreased; especially, sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of both lower extremities of one patient were not drained out. CONCLUSION: Detections of SCCV, SEP of lower limbs, MNCV and SNCV of extremities are helpful to investigate whether peripheral nerve and deep sensory passage are damaged or not and determine whether deep sensory damage is caused by peripheral nerve and spinal posterior funiculus.     

柴胡疏肝散、四君子汤对肝郁、脾虚大鼠Th细胞蛋白激酶C表达的影响

目的研究柴胡疏肝散、四君子汤对肝郁、脾虚大鼠Th细胞蛋白激酶C(PKC)表达的影响及其意义。方法应用RT—PCR法研究柴胡疏肝散、四君子汤对Th细胞PKCmRNA表达的影响。结果脾虚时PKCmRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,四君子汤治疗后恢复正常 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,柴胡疏肝散治疗后仍明显低于正常对照组 ;肝郁时PKCmRNA表达水平明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,柴胡疏肝散治疗后恢复正常 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但四君子汤治疗效应不明显。结论肝脾两脏在T细胞尤其是Th0的活化中具有相关性 ;PKC参与了肝脾这种相关的发生。     

神经外科患者的医院感染危险因素分析与护理对策

目的 了解神经外科医院感染的现状,分析危险因素,采取有效的护理措施,以降低医院感染的发生率.方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对2006年1月～12月我院神经外科386例出院患者中的医院感染病例进行调查分析,制定护理对策.结果 发生医院感染54例,感染率为13.99%;常见感染部位依次是呼吸道、泌尿道和胃肠道等;侵入性导管、长期使用广谱抗生素、住院天数长和高龄均是危险因素.结论 加强病房管理,严格执行消毒隔离制度,合理使用抗生素,加强基础护理和健康教育,缩短住院天数,以降低神经外科医院感染的发生率.