小型船舶无害化卫生厕所的研发及其杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果评估

目的 研发适宜小型船舶的粪便无害化卫生厕所,并对其杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果进行评估。 方法 利用三格式厕所原理研发适宜小型船舶的粪便无害化卫生厕所,结合微生物菌剂能分解粪便形成强酸性环境的作用,对两者结合杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果进行现场模拟试验。 结果 小型船舶无害化卫生厕所结合微生物菌剂能完全杀灭血吸虫虫卵,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。 结论 研发的小型船舶无害化卫生厕所不需电源、使用简便、节能环保,符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》(GB 7959-2012)规定的血吸虫病卫生要求,对湖区小型船舶改厕工作具有推广应用价值。     

脑氧饱和度监测在重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后管理的应用研究

目的分析以局部脑氧饱和度(rScO 2)监测为目标导向的重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SaSAH)术后神经重症集束化管理的应用价值。方法该研究为单盲随机对照试验。前瞻性连续纳入2017年6月至2019年6月河南省人民医院神经外科重症监护室(ICU)收治的符合纳排标准的SaSAH手术治疗患者,采用随机数字表法进行随机分组,对照组实施常规的神经重症监护治疗,试验组在此基础上实施以rScO 2为目标导向的神经重症集束化管理干预,包括神经系统专科监测、血流动力学管理、体温管控、癫痫的预防与控制等。比较两组患者的基本临床资料以及术后随访90 d时主要有效性评价指标[改良Rankin量表(mRS)、细化型格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS-E)]、次要有效性评价指标(ICU住院时间)及安全性评价指标[迟发性脑缺血(DCI)、颅内感染、脑积水、死亡]的差异。结果共209例SaSAH手术治疗的患者符合纳入标准并纳入入组。试验组104例,其中98例获得临床随访,失访6例;对照组105例,其中98例获得临床随访,失访7例。两组研究对象基本临床资料差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);试验组ICU住院时间和并发症如DCI、脑积水发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义[分别为(12±6)d比(15±8)d,3.1%(3/98)比10.2%(10/98)、4.1%(4/98)比12.2%(12/98);t=-2.775,χ^2值分别为4.037、4.356,P值分别为0.006、0.045、0.037];试验组在随访90 d时的mRS评分及GOS-E评分均优于对照组[(3.6±0.9)分比(4.1±0.8)分,(6.2±1.8)分比(5.5±2.5)分],差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为<0.01、0.015)。结论以rScO2监测为目标导向的SaSAH术后神经重症集束化管理,能有效缩短患者的住院周期,改善临床治疗的有效性及安全性。     

血尿酸浓度与主动脉夹层的关系

目的 应用病例对照研究方法探讨血尿酸浓度与主动脉夹层的相关性,进一步从临床生化角度探讨主动脉夹层发病的相关危险因素.方法 病例组为新疆医科大学临床医学院自2012年8月至2014年6月收治的主动脉夹层患者160例;对照组选择同期住院的体检健康者157名,排除合并主动脉夹层、痛风、严重肾功能不全等相关疾病.收集患者的一般资料、既往病史,入院时常规实验室检查包括:血脂分析、D-二聚体、血尿酸、C反应蛋白、血小板、白细胞、血糖等结果.分析主动脉夹层发病的相关危险因素.结果 病例组血尿酸浓度较对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义[(343.08±136.10) mmol/L vs.(312.5±85.61) mmol/L,P=0.030].多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,高尿酸血症是主动脉夹层发病的危险因素(OR=1.231,95％CI:0.919～0.981,P=0.002).结论 新疆地区人群中高尿酸血症可能为主动脉夹层的危险因素.     

Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Relation to Atherosclerotic Stenosis of Carotid and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Aim: Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) influence postprandi al glucose concentrations and insulin responses. This study aims to ascertain the connection between GI, GL, and carotid atherosclerotic stenosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.Methods: A total of 669 patients with ischemic stroke within 7 days were enrolled. GI and GL were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire from patients. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used for the evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Traditional risk factors such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were measured. GI/GL and its association with CVD risk factors and carotid stenosis were explored with Spearman analysis and multivariable logistic regression, respectively.Results: The prevalence of carotid stenosis was 63.2% of all 669 participants. The mean value of GI/GL was 49.3/137. Spearman test did not detect significant relationships between GI/GL and CVD risk factors. In multivariable regression models, GI (4^th vs. 1^st quartile, OR = 2.11; 95% CI, 1.30–3.42) and GL (4^th vs. 1^st quartile, OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12–2.96) were observed a significant association with carotid stenosis after adjustment for major confounding factors. The association between GL and carotid stenosis became more pronounced among yo ungers (4^th vs. 1^st quartile, OR = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.13–4.76) and women (4^th vs. 1^st quartile, OR = 3.81; 95% CI, 1.45–5.05).Conclusion: Higher GI and GL were positively associated with a higher degree of carotid stenosis in these Chinese cerebral infarction patients, especially in younger patients and women.     

体外物理振动排石治疗输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后残石的疗效观察

目的观察体外物理振动排石治疗输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后残石的临床效果。方法选取2017-01～2020-01在该院泌尿外科采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后留置输尿管支架管伴有明显残石的患者共52例,术后采取体外物理振动排石治疗的28例患者为观察组,术后采取自然排石的24例患者为对照组,比较两组排石效果。结果观察组和对照组当日见石率分别为100. 0%(28/28)和12. 5%(3/24),当日排净率分别为67. 9%(19/28)和37. 5%(9/24),1周排净率分别为85. 7%(24/28)和58. 3%(14/24),2周排净率分别为96. 4%(27/28)和75. 0%(18/24),差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论体外物理振动排石治疗可有效促进输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术后残石排出,安全可靠,具有临床应用价值。     

Advances in the Deformation and Failure of Concrete Pavement under Coupling Action of Moisture,Temperature, and Wheel Load

The deformation and cracking of concrete will lead to various deterioration processes, which will greatly reduce the durability and service life of the concrete pavement. The relating previous studies and analysis revealed that the coupling action of environmental temperature, moisture, and wheel load will cause cracking and seriously affect the normal service and durability of pavement concrete. This paper presents theoretical and numerical state-of-the-art information in the field of deformation and failure of pavement concrete under coupling action of moisture, temperature, and wheel load and draws some conclusions. (a) Concrete is a typical porous material, moisture and heat transfer theory has obtained enough data to simulate the hygro-thermo properties of concrete, and the relationship between moisture and heat is very clear. (b) There are few studies on concrete pavement or airport pavement considering the coupling action of moisture, temperature, and wheel load. (c) Concrete pavement is subjected to hygro-thermal-mechanical coupling action in service, which has the characteristics of a similar period and its possible fatigue effect. (d) COMSOL software has certain advantages for solving the coupled hygro-thermal-mechanical of concrete.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel,pH-responsive,bola-based dynamic crosslinked fracturing fluid

Fracturing fluids are important media for hydraulic fracturing. Typically, the fluids are gelled using a polymeric gelling agent. Technological improvements over the years have focused primarily on improving the rheological performance, thermal stability, and the clean-up of crosslinked gels. In this study, novel supramolecular assembly of a low-damage fracturing fluid combining an ionic polymer gel (hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride guar-cationic guar) and a bola surfactant fluid (bola carboxylate polypropylene glycol) is carried out and it is reported to have improved properties and special characteristics due to the synergistic effects of the dual systems, which are different from those of polymer gels and surfactant fluids. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid shows a sudden increase upon an increase in temperature and excellent self-assembly recovery after shearing. The fracturing fluid exhibits pH-responsive viscosity changes and low permeability impairment, due to the formation of a network structure and supramolecular microspheres at different pH values.

Fracturing fluids are important media for hydraulic fracturing.