紫外线减毒尾蚴活疫苗预防小鼠日本血吸虫感染有效免疫期的实验研究

以 400μW/(min·cm~2)剂量紫外线照射减毒日本血吸虫尾蚴, 1 次免疫小鼠(200条/只)可产生抗日本血吸虫感染的免疫能力。这种免疫力至少可维持7个月。1、3、5、7个月各组中,免疫组与攻击组虫荷均数比较,差异均有显著性意义。1、3、5和7个月所获减虫率分别为71.28％、69.63％、62.26％和46.16％,7个月与1、3、5个月比较,差异有显著性意义,提示7个月时小鼠抗日本血吸虫的免疫力可能有所下降。     

散发性脑炎频谱分析

目的探讨散发性脑炎患者的定量脑电图频谱分布特征及该技术临床应用的可能性。方法对４３例临床确诊的散发性脑炎和２０例健康对照组进行定量脑电图频谱分析。结果散发性脑炎组主频均数＜６Ｈｚ，与对照组比较，Ｐ＜０．０ｌ，散发性脑炎组σ、θ相对功率值均比对照组明显增高。结论定量脑电图主频分布及各频段相对功率值在诊断散发性脑炎中有一定的临床应用价值。     

Similarities and differences in mechanisms of cardiotoxins, melittin and other myotoxins

Myonecrosis induced in vivo by cardiotoxin, melittin, and Asp49 and Lys49 phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) myotoxins involves rapid lysis of the sarcolemma, myofibril clumping, and hypercontraction of sarcomeres. In contrast, skeletal muscle necrosis induced by crotamine and myotoxin a is much slower, consisting of mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum swelling, myofibril degeneration, and lack of sarcolemma or transverse tubule damage. The mechanisms contributing to the myonecrosis induced by these peptides were evaluated. Two cardiotoxins and two Lys49 PLA₂ myotoxins lysed primary cultures of human skeletal muscle within 24 hr at a concentration of 0.25 μM, while melittin, crotamine, and myotoxin a, and an Asp49 PLA₂ myotoxin were non-cytolytic at concentrations up to 5.0 μM, suggesting that cytolysis is not a good measure of myotoxicity. Crotamine and the Lys49 PLA₂ myotoxin altered Ca²⁺ ion flux in human heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum by opening the ryanodine receptor. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies demonstrated that administrating crotamine intracellularly increased Na⁺ currents. Free fatty acids, liberated by activation of tissue phospholipase C or by the PLA₂ activity of the myotoxins, were monitored for crotamine, myotoxin a and a Lys49 PLA₂ myotoxin in cell cultures in which the lipids had been radiolabeled. Only the Lys49 myotoxin produced significant amounts of fatty acid in cell cultures, supporting a potential role for fatty acid production only in the mechanism of sarcolemma-destroying myotoxins. These findings, coupled with those in the literature, support a hypothesis in which the myotoxins and/or products of lipase activity (e.g. fatty acids) are acting at a site existing on both the Na⁺ channel and a protein involved in Ca²⁺ release and probably serving a modulatory function for ion regulation. Based on the similarities in mechanisms between the toxins and fatty acids, the most likely site would be a fatty acid binding site on the protein (either similar to that on fatty acid binding proteins, or an acylated cysteine residue) or in the membrane.     

临床小肠移植排斥反应的防治

采用环孢素Ａ、雷公藤多甙、甲基氢化泼尼松、前列腺素Ｅ１伍用的新型免疫抑制方案，预防小肠移植排斥反应取得满意效果。病人存活３１０ｄ。经验表明，通过内窥镜和肠粘膜组织病理检查，监测排斥反应简便实用有效。利用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术研究发现，移植术后供肠细胞向受体组织移居嵌合，而临床无移植物抗宿主病（ＧＶＨＤ）发生。促进细胞移居嵌合可能有利于防止排斥反应的发生。     

丙戊酸钠与尼莫地平治疗偏头痛的疗效比较

目的：观察丙戊酸钠与尼莫地平治疗偏头痛的疗效有否差别。方法：偏头痛１２９例，随机分为丙戊酸钠治疗组６６例（男性１７例，女性４９例；年龄２５±ｓ７ａ），丙戊酸钠开始剂量为０．２ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，以后根据发作频率及程度逐渐增量，最大量１．４ｇ／ｄ，共用３ｍｏ；尼莫地平对照组６３例（男性１８例，女性４５例，年龄２７±６ａ），尼莫地平３０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，共用３ｍｏ。结果：丙戊酸钠组总有效率为８３％。尼莫地平组为８５％，２组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．未见严重不良反应。结论：丙戊酸钠与尼莫地平治疗偏头痛安全有效、疗效相似。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中氢溴酸右美沙芬浓度

本文报道采用反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氢溴酸右美沙芬的浓度。采用ＹＷＧ－Ｃ１８Ｈ３７分析柱，以乙腈－水－乙酸（５０：４９：１，三乙胺调节ｐＨ至４．３）为流动相，利多卡因作内标，在２７８ｎｍ波长处监测洗提液。本法简便，灵敏，专属性好，适用于氢溴酸右美沙芬血药浓度测定及药代动力学研究 。     

Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Tiagabine

Summary: Purpose: We wished to determine the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drug tiagabine (TGB).
Methods: We assessed TGB pharmacokinetics and tolerability in 25 subjects with various degrees of renal function (based on creatinine clearance, n = 4–6 per group) from healthy (group I) to requiring hemodialysis (group V) in a single and multiple dose (every 12h), one-period (groups I-IV) or a single dose, two-period (group V) study (4-mg oral doses of TGB · HCl). Blood samples were collected after the first dose (both periods for group V) and after the last dose on day 5 (groups I-IV). TGB plasma concentrations and plasma protein binding were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultrafiltration, respectively.
Results: TGB was well tolerated by all study subjects. The pharmacokinetics of TGB were similar in all subjects; no pharmacokinetic parameter (based on either total or unbound concentrations) was statistically correlated with creatinine clearance. For total TGB in plasma, single-dose mean values of the maximum plasma concentration, clearance, and half-life (t1/2) ranged from 52 to 108 ng/ml, from 7.14 to 11.02 I/h, and from 6.4 to 8.4 h, respectively.
Conclusions: TGB pharmacokinetics and tolerability were independent of renal function; therefore, dosage adjustment is unnecessary for epilepsy patients with renal impairment.     

抑郁症的基础与认知激活脑SPECT显像

目的通过抑郁症患者基础和认知激活局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）灌注显像的半定量分析，评估抑郁症患者的脑血流灌注异常。方法选择２７例未经抗抑郁治疗、ＩＣＤ１０分类为中度抑郁发作伴躯体症状的患者，１５例年龄匹配的健康人作正常对照。２７例患者中２１例、１５例健康人中１３例行双日法基础与认知激活脑ｒＣＢＦ显像；另６例患者及２例健康人仅行基础脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。认知激活采用Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验。半定量分析在横断面图像７～１１帧上进行，将各ＲＯＩ的平均计数与同侧小脑的最高计数相除，得到各ＲＯＩ的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果抑郁症左额叶和左颞叶的基础ｒＣＢＦ值均为０７２０，明显低于对照组（０７６４和０７５０，Ｐ＜００５）；左额、左颞、左顶叶的认知激活ｒＣＢＦ值分别为０７１９、０６９０及０７０１，明显低于对照组（０７８２、０７５２和０７６６，Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。结论①抑郁症患者存在左额叶、左颞叶的局部血流低灌注。②额叶、颞叶皮层低灌注可能是引起抑郁症认知障碍、心境低落的原因。③Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验认知激活脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像有助于提高抑郁症的诊断准确性     

兔乳酸脱氢酶C4的分离纯化及动力学研究

建立兔乳酸脱氢酶Ｃ４（ＬＤＨ－Ｃ４）分离纯化的新方法，研究该酶的动力学特性。采用Ｂｌｕｅ Ｄｅｘｔｅｒａｎ和Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ交联制成Ｂｌｕｅ Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ－Ｓｅｐｈａｑｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ染料配体亲和层析柱，结合ＱＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ４５０离子交换层析分离兔ＬＤＨ－Ｃ４，以作图法测定该酶动力学数据。     

多平面经食道超声心动图对心血管疾病的诊断价值

为了评价多平面经食道超声心动图（ＴＥＥ）的临床应用价值，对３６例临床经胸超声心动图（ＴＴＥ）检查尚未完全明确诊断的心血管疾病患者进行了ＴＥＥ检查。结果显示：①２６例（７２％）患者ＴＥＥ补充或纠正了ＴＴＥ诊断；②９例手术患者ＴＥＥ诊断符合率１００％；③对感染性心内膜炎小赘生物的检出、间隔缺损部位、数目、合并畸型、心腔内血栓、大动脉瘤等ＴＥＥ的诊断价值明显高于ＴＴＥ。