The role of rosiglitazone in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background

Recent evidence has demonstrated that rosiglitazone can attenuate cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Some studies have shown that rosiglitazone can suppress inflammation and immune responses after SAH. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which cerebral vasospasm is attenuated is not clear.

Methods

In this study, SAH was created using a “double hemorrhage” injection rat model. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated with saline (control group), untreated (SAH group), or treated with rosiglitazone. Using immunocytochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and measurement of the basilar artery, we investigated the formation of pathologic changes in the basilar artery, measured the expression of caveolin-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and investigated the role of rosiglitazone in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in the basilar artery after SAH.

Results

In this study, we observed significant pathologic changes in the basilar artery after experimental SAH. The level of vasospasm gradually increased with time during the 1st week, peaked on day 7, and almost recovered on day 14. After rosiglitazone treatment, the level of vasospasm was significantly attenuated in comparison with the SAH group. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that caveolin-1 expression was significantly increased in the rosiglitazone group, compared with the SAH group. Inversely, the expression of PCNA showed a notable decrease after rosiglitazone treatment.

Conclusions

The results indicate that rosiglitazone can attenuate cerebral vasospasm following SAH. Up-regulation of caveolin-1 by rosiglitazone may be a new molecular mechanism for this response, which is to inhibit proliferation of VSMCs after SAH, and this study may provide a novel insight to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS).     

Long-term seizure outcome after stereotactic amygdalohippocampectomy

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term seizure outcome and complications after stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE) performed for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods

The article describes the cases of 61 patients who were treated at our institution during the period 2004–2010. Mean post-operative follow-up was 5.3 years.

Results

At the last postsurgical visit, 43 (70.5 %) patients were Engel Class I, six (9.8 %) Class II, nine (14.8 %) Class III and three (4.9 %) Class IV. The surgery was complicated by four intracranial haematomas. One of them caused acute hydrocephalus and was treated by shunting and resolved without sequelae. After SAHE, we performed open epilepsy surgery and re-thermo lesions in three and two patients, respectively (8.2 %). There were two cases of meningitis which required antibiotic treatment. In six patients psychiatric disorders developed and one of these committed suicide due to postoperative depression.

Conclusions

Our results provide preliminary evidence for good long-term seizure outcomes after SAHE. SAHE could be an alternative therapy for MTLE.     

整形外科患者创面感染MRSA的感染率及对应治疗观察

目的:探讨整形外科创面感染的特点及复方新诺明对创面耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的治疗作用。方法:2013年1月~12月,共收治70例慢性创面患者,其中12例MRSA感染,创面大小1.5cm×1.5cm~20cm×15cm,通过每日复方新诺明悬浮液进行治疗,观察临床疗效、细菌清除情况及不良反应。结果:治疗创面1周后MRSA转阴率83.3%,治疗2周后MRSA转阴率91.67%,未出现明显的不良反应。结论:整形外科慢性局部创面MRSA感染不能忽视,复方新诺明可作为治疗局部创面MRSA感染的首选局部用药。     

强脉冲光防治瘢痕156例疗效分析

目的:探讨强脉冲光技术在瘢痕防治中的应用价值。方法:采用由两名固定医师及患者共同评价疗效的方式,对2008年7月~2011年9月应用强脉冲光(波长560~1200nm,脉宽3.2~3.6ms,脉冲延时10~30ms,双脉冲模式,能量密度19~26J/cm2)治疗的156例不同病程、部位、色泽以及治疗次数的门诊瘢痕患者进行临床疗效评价。结果:瘢痕病程在1个月内的与大于1个月的疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),病程越短,效果越显著。面部瘢痕疗效明显优于其他部位,红色和色素沉着性瘢痕治疗效果好于近肤色的瘢痕。整体疗效随着治疗次数增加而提高,治疗2次与3~5次疗效比较,差异有统计学意义,且治疗3~5次效果最满意,但组间疗效比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6次后的效果不如4~5次明显。结论:强脉冲光技术无创安全、操作便捷,疗效满意,不失为防治瘢痕的理想选择。     

Coffee,caffeine, and risk of completed suicide: Results from three prospective cohorts of American adults

Objective.To evaluate the association between coffee and caffeine consumption and suicide risk in three large-scale cohorts of US men and women. Methods. We accessed data of 43,599 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, 1988–2008), 73,820 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1992–2008), and 91,005 women in the NHS II (1993–2007). Consumption of caffeine, coffee, and decaffeinated coffee, was assessed every 4 years by validated food-frequency questionnaires. Deaths from suicide were determined by physician review of death certificates. Multivariate adjusted relative risks (RRs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. Cohort specific RRs were pooled using random-effect models. Results. We documented 277 deaths from suicide. Compared to those consuming ≤ 1 cup/week of caffeinated coffee (< 8 oz/237 ml), the pooled multivariate RR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of suicide was 0.55 (0.38–0.78) for those consuming 2–3 cups/day and 0.47 (0.27–0.81) for those consuming ≥ 4 cups/day (P trend < 0.001). The pooled multivariate RR (95% CI) for suicide was 0.75 (0.63–0.90) for each increment of 2 cups/day of caffeinated coffee and 0.77 (0.63–0.93) for each increment of 300 mg/day of caffeine. Conclusions. These results from three large cohorts support an association between caffeine consumption and lower risk of suicide.     

Mild hypothermia alleviates excessive autophagy and mitophagy in a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest

Mild hypothermia is an effective therapeutic strategy to improve poor neurological outcomes in patients following cardiac arrest (CA). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on intracellular autophagy and mitophagy in hippocampal neurons in a rat model of CA. CA was induced in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by asphyxia for 5 min. After successful resuscitation, the surviving rats were randomly divided into two groups, the normothermia (NT) group and the hypothermia (HT) group. Mild hypothermia (32 °C) was induced following CA for 4 h, and animals were rewarmed at a rate of 0.5 °C/h. Neurologic deficit scores (NDS) were used to determine the status of neurological function. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein from the hippocampus was extracted, and the expression of LC3B-II/I and Parkin were measured as markers of intracellular autophagy and mitophagy, respectively. Of the 60 rats that underwent CA, 44 were successfully resuscitated (73 %), and 33 survived until the end of the experiment (55 %). Mild hypothermia maintained eumorphism of nuclear and mitochondrial structures and significantly improved NDS (p < 0.05). Expression of LC3B-II/I and Parkin in hippocampal nerve cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the NT group relative to the control. Meanwhile, mild hypothermia reduced the level of LC3B-II/I and Parkin (p < 0.05) relative to the NT group. Mild hypothermia protected mitochondria and improved neurological function following CA and resuscitation after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, likely by reducing excessive autophagy and mitophagy in neurons.     

糖尿病并发急性脑梗死的临床特点及近期预后分析

目的：对比分析糖尿病脑梗死与非糖尿病脑梗死患者的临床特点及近期预后。方法将同期住院的脑梗死患者按既往史分为糖尿病脑梗死128例及非糖尿病脑梗死234例,对比分析2组年龄及性别构成、发病时间等一般特征及出院时神经功能缺损改善率、住院病死率等近期预后情况。结果糖尿病脑梗死患者住院病死率高于非糖尿病脑梗死（P＜0·05）,临床神经缺损改善率有明显差别。结论脑梗死合并糖尿病患者住院病死率、临床神经功能缺损改善率和预后都差于无糖尿病脑梗死。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1在伴有周围神经浸润的胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:检测高迁移率族蛋白(HMGB1)在伴有周围神经浸润的胃癌组织中的表达情况,分析HMGB1与胃癌临床病理特征之间的关系,探讨HMGB1在胃癌侵袭转移中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化二步法检测50例伴有周围神经浸润胃癌组织、40例未伴有周围神经浸润胃癌组织、30例正常胃组织中的表达情况。结果:1)HMGB1在伴有周围神经浸润胃癌组织、未伴有周围神经浸润胃癌组织及正常胃组织表达阳性率分别为76.00%、55.00%、30.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2)HMGB1与伴有神经浸润的胃癌患者的淋巴结转移、TNM分期、肿瘤大小呈正相关,而与患者的年龄无明显相关性。结论:HMGB1表达上调可能与胃癌组织周围神经浸润的发生发展及侵袭转移有关,HMGB1高表达可能促进胃癌细胞向周围神经组织浸润。     

染色体微阵列芯片分析技术应用于产前诊断为关键问题探讨

染色体微阵列芯片分析（CMA）包括比较基因组杂交微阵列（array CGH）和单核苷酸多态微阵列（SNP array）,可以在全基因组范围内高分辨检测染色体的微缺失和微重复,与传统染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测相比,具有高通量、高分辨率和高自动化检测的优势,同时可以一次性同步检测许多与出生缺陷和先天性疾病相关的基因组异常,近年来已经开始应用于侵入性产前诊断。回顾近年来多个大样本和多中心的临床试验对CMA技术用于产前诊断的研究结果,借鉴美国妇产科医师协会（ACOG）和母婴医学协会（SMFM）发布的CMA在产前诊断应用中的建议,对CMA在应用过程中如何选择微阵列芯片类型、检测的适用对象和检测的时期、检测结果的解释以及相关的遗传咨询等关键问题进行了详细讨论,并指出CMA在产前诊断应用中面临的机遇和挑战,以及检测前和检测后遗传咨询在实际应用中的重要性和必要性。