微创应用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症概述

从历史、现状、机制、安全性、适应症、前景等方面对臭氧治疗腰椎盘突出症进行评述。     

手术切除颅咽管瘤十年体会(附309例报告)

目的 总结分析10年来手术切除颅咽管瘤的经验.方法 回顾分析从1996年1月起10年间手术治疗309例颅咽管瘤患者.男162(52.4%)例,女147(47.6%)例.年龄在15岁以上者259(83.8%)例,平均年龄为35.8岁,15岁以下者占50例(16.2%),平均年龄8.8岁.肿瘤大小为2.0～9.0cm,平均3.4cm.肿瘤分成第三脑室底下型284(91.9%)例和第三脑室底上型25(8.1%)例.第三脑室底下型肿瘤,翼点入路209(67.6%)例,额底裂经终板入路55(17.8%)例,额下入路20(6.5%)例.第三脑室底上型肿瘤,经终板入路14(4.5%)例,经胼胝体入路11(3.6%)例.结果 肿瘤全切除276(89.3%)例,近全切除20(6.5%)例,大部切除13(4.2%)例.垂体柄保留186(60.2%)例,切断49(15.9%)例,不能鉴别74(23.9%)例,围手术期死亡12(3.9%)例.204(66%)例患者有6个月至8年的随访,平均2.1年,5例患者在随访中死亡,4例与下丘脑垂体功能低下有关.结论 术前通过神经影像学评价颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底、垂体柄和视交叉结构的关系,以第三脑室底作为标志,将肿瘤分为第三脑室底上型和下型选择手术入路可获得较好的肿瘤切除及较好的下丘脑结构和穿通动脉的保护,并可有效降低手术后并发症.术后一些患者神经内分泌功能的障碍仍是难题,尚需要多种激素的补充或代替治疗.     

双黄连注射液引起过敏反应20例临床分析

双黄连注射液是一种中药制剂，是一种棕红色的澄明液体，是从中药金银花、黄芩、连翘等中药中提取的注射液。具有清热解毒，清宣风热的作用，用于外感风热引起的发热、咳嗽、咽痛，适用于病毒及细菌感染的上呼吸道感染、肺炎、扁桃体炎、咽炎等。但静脉滴注该药有时会引起过敏反应，轻者仅表现为皮肤出现荨麻疹，重者会引起过敏性休克而死亡。笔者在临床工作中近年来遇到20例过敏性反应者，现将其过敏性反应的特点临床分析如下。     

Walker256乳腺癌细胞构建大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型

目的：探讨以Walker256大鼠乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞制备大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型，为骨癌痛机制和治疗研究提供有用的工具。方法：以Walker256乳腺癌细胞接种幼年雌性SD鼠腹腔制备腹水瘤细胞，将15μl腹水瘤细胞注入雌性成年SD鼠左侧胫骨骨髓腔制备骨癌痛模型；以注射加热灭活瘤细胞的SD鼠为假手术对照鼠，以正常鼠为正常对照鼠。造模后1-4周观察模型鼠自由行走痛评分、辐射热痛觉阈值[缩爪反应潜伏期（paw withdrawal latency，PWL）]和机械刺激诱发痛觉阈值[缩爪反应阈值（paw withdrawal threshold，PWT）]改变，并对痛觉行为改变明显的模型鼠进行影像学检测。结果：本方法制备模型的成瘤率为67．3％。模型鼠在造模后15d自由行走痛评分显著高于正常鼠和假手术鼠（P〈0．01）；模型鼠的模型后肢对热刺激痛觉阈值和对机械刺激诱发痛觉阈值分别在造模后21d和18d明显低于正常鼠和假手术鼠（P〈0．01），同时也明显低于模型肢对侧后肢（P〈0．05）。影像学结果显示，痛行为改变明显的模型鼠模型后肢胫骨骨质结构遭到明显破坏。结论：采用Walker256乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞可成功制备与人类骨癌痛体症相似的大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型。     

Walker 256乳腺癌细胞构建大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型

目的: 探讨以Walker 256大鼠乳腺癌腹水瘤细胞制备大鼠胫骨骨癌痛模型，为骨癌痛机制和治疗研究提供有用的工具。方法：以Walker 256乳腺癌细胞接种幼年雌性SD鼠腹腔制备腹水瘤细胞，将15 μl腹水瘤细胞注入雌性成年SD鼠左侧胫骨骨髓腔制备骨癌痛模型；以注射加热灭活瘤细胞的     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

Objective To observe the effect of pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 during induction period from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. Methods Twenty-six hepatobiliary surgical patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, aged 32 y-59 y, weighing 54 kg-73 kg, were randomized into 2 groups(n=13): hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group(HS)and complex acetic acid Ringer's solution (RL). Above-mentioned solutions were infused 7 ml/kg respectively before induction. The pulmonary circulation hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure(PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) and right ventricular stroke work(RVSW) were recorded at base value(T0), 10 min after infusion(T1), 5 min after induction(T2), 5 rain after intubation(T3), 10 rain after intubation(T4)and 20 min after intubation(T5). Results PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP and CVP were significantly higher in group HS at T, than the values at T0 (P<0.05); PVR in group HS was obviously lower from T1 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01); RVSW was significantly higher in two groups at T1 than base value (P<0.05), but that in group HS was lower than base value (P<0.05 or P<0.01); HR obviously decreased in two groups from T2 to T5 as compared with the value at T0 (P<0.05); MAP was lower from T3 to T5 than the value at To (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PVR was obviously lower in group HS from T1 to T5 than that in group RL (P<0.05 or P<0.01); MAP obviously increased from T2 to T5 in group HS as compared with the value in group RL(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 can obviously reduce PVR during induction pe-riod from epidural block combined with general anesthesia. In all, there is no effect on pulmonary circulation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.     

输血前Rh(D)检测及其临床意义

目的探讨输血前检测Rh（D）的临床意义。方法采用柱凝集技术检测Rh（D）。结果在42050例预输血患者中，共检测出Rh（D）阴性126例，Rh（D）阴性率为0．30％。在126例Rh（D）阴性预输血患者中，12例未输血，112例输注了ABO同型的Rh（D）阴性血（其中自体输血2例，亲属供血1例），2例输注了ABO同型的Rh（D）阳性血，所有输血患者均未发生输血反应。结论输血前检测Rh（D），可预防迟发性溶血性输血反应和新生儿溶血病的发生。     

单味中药治疗小儿常见病

单味中药应用 ,古籍载之甚多。今人多重复方应用 ,于单方似有所忽。其实 ,单味中药若应用得当 ,则疗效甚佳 ,收效甚快 ,其效常有卓于复方者。在治疗小儿常见疾病方面 ,临床不乏此类报道。今举实例 ,以示同道。1　薯蓣粥治婴幼儿泄泻薯蓣 (山药 )粥出自张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》。是治疗阴虚劳热、痰气喘促、大便滑泄、小便不利、一切羸弱虚损之证的有效良方。薯蓣甘平 ,既补脾气 ,又益脾阴 ,且兼涩 ,性能止泻 ,对于脾虚气弱引起的泄泻食少尤为适宜。张氏指出“滑泄之证 ,在小儿最为难治 ,盖小儿少阳之体 ,阴分不足 ,滑泄不止 ,尤易伤阴分 ,…     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.