Measures of Abdominal Adiposity and Risk of Stroke：A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

ObjectiveWaist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio, which are the indicators or measures of abdominal adiposity, have long been hypothesized to increase therisk of stroke; yet evidence accumulated till date is not conclusive. Here, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to summarize evidences of the association between these measures of abdominal adiposity and the risk of stroke. MethodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2015. Two investigators independently conducted the study selection and data extraction. Dose-response relationships were assessed by the generalized least squares trend estimation, while the summaryeffect estimates were evaluated by the use of fixed- or random-effect models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the potential sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of the pooled estimation. Publication biasof the literaturewas evaluated usingBegg’s and Egger’s test. ResultsAltogether 15 prospective cohort studies were identified in this study. The summary of relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of stroke for the highest versus the lowest categories was 1.28 (1.18-1.40) for waist circumference, 1.32 (1.21-1.44) for waist-to-hip ratio, and 1.49 (1.24-1.78) for waist-to-height ratio. For a 10-cm increase in waist circumference, the relative risk of stroke increased by 10%; for a 0.1-unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, the relative risk increased by 16%; and for a 0.05-unit increase in waist-to-height ratio, the relative risk increased by 13%. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between waist-to-hip ratio and stroke risk,Pnonlinearity=0.028. ConclusionFindings from our meta-analysis indicated that waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were positively associated with the risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke.     

C-reactive Protein Level,Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio,and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1(ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke(IS) or coronary heart disease(CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein(CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs(95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33(0.84-2.12),1.14(0.69-1.88),and 1.91(1.17-3.11) in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1',‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1',and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.     

Circulating Micro RNA-21is Downregulatedin Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

正The microRNA-21(miR-21)is known to play a major role in cancer progression;however,its function in the cardiovascular system appears to be even more complex and conflicting.To characterize miR-21 expression in the plasma of individuals with     

温病学辨证理论体系再认识

提出温病辨证理论体系主要由病因辨证与病机辨证构成。病机辨证包含基本病机辨证、系统病机辨证和症状病机辨证。基本病机辨证包括斗争性和虚损性,斗争性中要区分热炽与热郁,虚损性中要区分温热类与湿热类的不同。以卫气营血辨证和三焦辨证为代表的系统病机辨证方法应与基本病机辨证和症状病机辨证有机融合,温病辨证理论体系才能更为丰富和全面,并更有益于临床运用。     

不合理处方事前干预分析与分诊断单元服务

目的 通过分析不合理处方事前干预的情况,探讨更优的干预手段,促进临床合理用药.方法 回顾分析2014年1月至2015年12月我院西药房药师干预的2 215张不合理处方.结果 事前干预的处方中,2014年924张,不合理项1 001处,医师接纳建议614处,干预成功率61.34％;2015年1 291张,不合理项1 616处,医师接纳建议1 497处,干预成功率92.64％.结论 实施分诊断单元服务提高了不合理处方事前干预的成功率,促进临床用药的合理性,确保患者得到安全、有效、合理的药物治疗.     

假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌致化脓性腮腺炎1例

正假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei,BP)导致的类鼻疽病,是热带感染性疾病,病死率高达25.0%~50.0%[1-2]。该菌引起的感染有地域性,主要集中在热带地区,海南地区有流行分布报道[3]。类鼻疽病临床表现多样,可致急性和慢性感染,急性感染主要是败血症,慢性感染以化脓性感染为主,易出现误诊误治[4-5],给医生的诊治带来困难。本文从腮腺炎患者脓液分离出1株假鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌,文献报道少见,现将诊治经验报告如下。     

哺乳期乳腺脓肿病原菌分布及耐药情况

目的了解哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者病原菌分布及其耐药情况,以指导临床医生进行合理治疗。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2016年12月某专科医院哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者脓液分离病原菌及其药敏结果。结果共收集142例哺乳期乳腺脓肿患者脓液标本,其中98份脓液标本分离病原菌99株,金黄色葡萄球菌94株(94/99,94.95%),耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)43株(43/94,45.74%),肺炎克雷伯菌2株,表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和彭氏变形杆菌各1株。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药率高达90.43%,对红霉素、克林霉素、四环素耐药率分别为55.32%、39.36%和27.66%,对环丙沙星、莫匹罗星、复方磺胺甲口恶唑、阿米卡星耐药率相对较低,尚未发现耐万古霉素、夫西地酸、替考拉宁、奎奴普丁/达福普汀、利奈唑胺菌株;43株MRSA对红霉素、克林霉素、四环素耐药率分别为83.72%、72.09%和44.19%。结论引起哺乳期乳腺脓肿的病原菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌,其对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和四环素耐药率相对较高,不应经验性选择上述药物治疗乳腺脓肿;同时,应警惕MRSA感染存在的可能,根据药敏结果合理选择抗菌药物,对暂停哺乳者进行母乳移除的指导。     

商业保险机构参与长期护理保险经办模式比较——基于北京市海淀区、青岛市的分析

本文从公私合作角度比较商业保险机构参与长期护理保险经办的两种典型模式的异同及应用前景。本文选取了北京市海淀区、青岛市作为典型模式代表。两种模式中商保机构均是由市区政府招标引入,并委托相应机构进行监管,但海淀区模式中商保机构参与度比青岛市模式更深;在盈亏承担方面,海淀区模式比青岛市模式的商保机构承担更多盈亏风险。两种模式的应用前景方面,海淀区模式适合在人口多、经济发达、管理水平高的大城市推广,而青岛市模式更适合在人口规模较小、商业保险机构独立承办风险较大、监管能力较弱的城市实行。     

乡镇卫生院急救服务能力与空间可及性实证研究——以四川省富顺县农药中毒急救服务为例

目的:以四川省自贡市富顺县为例,探究乡镇卫生院急救服务能力状况,并以农药中毒的急救为例,了解急救点空间可及性。方法:在富顺县城集中26所乡镇卫生院负责人,采用自编问卷了解急救服务相关情况;收集行政区划、水系路网、人口分布、急救点位置等数据,基于GIS软件平台运用行进成本法定量测量急救点空间可及性。结果:富顺县能够开展指定抢救项目的医院所占比例较低;农药中毒急救点平均可达时间为13.57分钟,可达性较差的地区主要分布在富顺县西南边界。结论:富顺县乡镇卫生院急救资源软硬件水平均较低,乡级急救网络亟待健全;提高急救点空间可及性可考虑在县域西南边界增加急救点数量或加强路网建设;利用GIS技术评价急救点空间可及性直观易懂、具有可操作性。