Hilus pulmonis as the center of gravity for AS thoracolumbar kyphosis

Introduction

The sagittal vertical axis (SVA) is a meaningful measurement and widely used for evaluating sagittal balance, and is considered a design standard for surgery, including most ankylosing spondylitis (AS) kyphotic deformity planning. However, recent research indicates that the C7 plumb line is actually not the center of gravity (CG) line. Therefore, whether there is a better radiological marker as the CG of the trunk for AS thoracolumbar kyphosis remains unknown. This research is to investigate a radiological marker for the CG of the trunk in lateral radiographs for AS thoracolumbar kyphosis.

Materials and methods

The center of gravity of an irregular object can be obtained by hanging or supporting it in different points and directions, and the CG will be on the point of intersection. According to this principle of mechanics, we could use the pre- and post-operative hip axis vertical lines to locate the CG of the trunk. We evaluated 38 AS-fixed thoracolumbar kyphotic patients with pedicle subtraction osteotomies. Full-length, free-standing lateral radiographs, including the spine and pelvis, were available for all patients. Pre- and post-operative radiological parameters were measured, including SVA, horizontal distance between hip axis and C7 (HDHC), horizontal distance between hip axis and T5 (HDHT5), horizontal distance between hip axis and T9 (HDHT9), and horizontal distance between hip axis and hilus pulmonis (HDHH). Pre- and post-operative radiological parameter changes were compared by paired samples t tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the intra- and interobserver reliabilities of HDHH.

Results

Pre-operative SVA, HDHC, HDHT5, HDHT9, and HDHH values were, respectively, 21.1, 12.7, 3.5, ?3.8, and 2.7 cm, and their post-operative values were, respectively, 9.1, 4.2, ?2.1, ?5.6, and 0.9 cm. Changes in SVA, HDHC, HDHT5, and HDHT9 were significant (p < 0.05), while the change in HDHH was not (p > 0.05). The ICC for overall interobserver reliability was 0.958 (p < 0.001), and it was 0.963 (p < 0.001) for overall intraobserver reliability.

Conclusion

The hilus pulmonis fell approximately on the hip axis both pre- and post-operatively. It was a better marker as the center of gravity of the trunk for deformity planning for AS thoracolumbar kyphosis.     

The N‐terminal fragment of the β‐amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease (N‐APP) binds to phosphoinositide‐rich domains on the surface of hippocampal neurons

The function of the β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. The secreted ectodomain fragment of APP (sAPPα) can be readily cleaved to produce a small N‐terminal fragment (N‐APP) that contains heparin‐binding and metal‐binding domains and that has been found to have biological activity. In the present study, we examined whether N‐APP can bind to lipids. We found that N‐APP binds selectively to phosphoinositides (PIPs) but poorly to most other lipids. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P₂)‐rich microdomains were identified on the extracellular surface of neurons and glia in primary hippocampal cultures. N‐APP bound to neurons and colocalized with PIPs on the cell surface. Furthermore, the binding of N‐APP to neurons increased the level of cell‐surface PI(4,5)P₂ and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate. However, PIPs were not the principal cell‐surface binding site for N‐APP, because N‐APP binding to neurons was not inhibited by a short‐acyl‐chain PIP analogue, and N‐APP did not bind to glial cells which also possessed PI(4,5)P₂ on the cell surface. The data are explained by a model in which N‐APP binds to two distinct components on neurons, one of which is an unidentified receptor and the second of which is a PIP lipid, which binds more weakly to a distinct site within N‐APP. Our data provide further support for the idea that N‐APP may be an important mediator of APP's biological activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

左心室血栓治疗的系统回顾及meta分析

目的 左心室血栓(left ventricular thrombus, LVT)是多种心脏疾病的并发症,血栓脱落可导致后果严重的体循环栓塞,因此及早治疗LVT极为重要。方法 本文分别从抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗、抗血小板治疗、手术治疗4方面对LVT的治疗进行文献检索。在web of science, Ovid,EMBASE,Pubmed和Cochrane数据库应用“左心室血栓”“新型口服抗凝药”“Xa因子抑制剂”,“NOAC”,“DOAC”,“达比加群”,“利伐沙班”,“依度沙班”,“阿哌沙班”“维生素K拮抗剂”和“华法林”作为主题词进行检索。共25篇文章可用于meta分析以比较新型口服抗凝剂(direct oral anticoagulant,DOAC)与维生素K拮抗剂(vitamin K antagonist,VKA)的治疗效果及不良事件的发生率,对目前可检索到的应用肝素、抗血小板药物、溶栓、手术治疗LVT的文章进行系统回顾。结果 DOAC治疗LVT的出血及卒中事件的发生率、全因死亡率低于VKA,而LVT的消失率、严重出血事件的发生率、出现全身栓塞事件的发生率两种治疗方法差异无统计学意义。...     

Reduced expression of IA channels is associated with postischemic seizures in hyperglycemic rats

Poststroke seizures are considered to be the major cause of epilepsy in the elderly. The mechanisms of poststroke seizures remain unclear. A history of diabetes mellitus has been identified as an independent predictor of acute poststroke seizures in stroke patients. The present study sought to reveal the mechanisms for the development of postischemic seizures under hyperglycemic conditions. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in adult Wistar rats by using the four‐vessel occlusion method. At the normal blood glucose level, seizures occurred in ～50% of rats after 25 min of ischemia. However, in rats with hyperglycemia, the incidence rate of postischemic seizures was significantly increased to 100%. The occurrence of postischemic seizures was not correlated with the severity of brain damage in hyperglycemic rats. Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic agent, could neither prevent postischemic seizures nor alleviate the exacerbated brain damage in the presence of hyperglycemia. K⁺ channels play a critical role in controlling neuronal excitability. The expression of A‐type K⁺ channel subunit Kv4.2 in the hippocampus and the cortex was significantly reduced in hyperglycemic rats with seizures compared with those without seizures. These results suggest that the reduction of Kv4.2 expression could contribute to the development of postischemic seizures in hyperglycemia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

2型糖尿病患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与早期肾脏疾病的相关性

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)住院患者高同型半胱氨酸血症对早期肾脏疾病患病风险的影响。方法本研究为回顾性研究。选取南京江北医院2020年10月至2022年6月收住的T2DM患者306例。根据糖尿病肾脏疾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)诊断标准分为单纯T2DM组(n=252)和早期DKD组(n=54),比较两组临床资料。结果T2DM患者早期肾脏疾病患病率为17.6%。与单纯T2DM组相比,早期DKD组年龄较大、糖尿病病程较长、同型半胱氨酸水平较高、高同型半胱氨酸血症和高血压占比较大,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高同型半胱氨酸血症使T2DM患者早期肾脏疾病患病风险显著增加5.361倍(OR:6.361,95%CI:3.043-13.296,P<0.05),且同型半胱氨酸水平与T2DM早期肾脏疾病患病风险呈剂量-反应关系,同型半胱氨酸水平每增加1μmol/L,T2DM早期肾脏疾病患病风险增加14.1%(OR:1.141,95%CI:1.061-1.227,P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者高同型半胱氨酸血症显著增加早期肾脏疾病的患病风险,且同型半胱氨酸水平与早期肾脏疾病患病风险增加呈剂量-反应关系。     

胃癌肝转移手术治疗预后的Meta分析

目的系统评价胃癌原发灶联合肝脏切除治疗胃癌肝转移（GCLM）的临床价值及其与预后的相关性。方法检索2013年3月前在PubMed、Embase、Ovid、Springer-Link、WebofScience以及中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）和中国生物医学文献数据库（CBMdisc）等已公开发表的胃癌联合肝脏切除治疗与单纯胃癌切除治疗进行比较的临床研究,通过人选标准和排出标准筛选文献,采用NOS表对文献进行质量评价,分析软件为Statal2．0。结果共有9篇文献符合入选标准,GCLM患者431例,其中胃癌联合肝脏切除治疗组189例,单纯胃癌切除组242例。9个研究分析结果显示,胃癌原发灶联合肝转移灶切除组患者术后生存明显优于单纯胃癌切除组（合并HR=0．50,95％a：0．34～0．72。P=0．000）,差异具有统计学意义。结论GCLM患者在严格手术适应证的前提下进行胃癌原发灶联合肝脏切除术可以改善预后并提高生存率。     

进展期胃癌合并胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤一例报告及文献复习

目的探讨胃癌同时合并胃黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤患者的临床病理特征和诊治。方法报告1例77岁男性患者因胃镜检查提示胃部双原发肿瘤2012年10月9日就诊于北京肿瘤医院的临床资料及诊治经过。通过应用PubMed和GoogleScholer等英文数据库检索1995年以来的相关英文文献．共获得来自12篇文献共计40例胃癌同时合并胃MALT淋巴瘤的患者资料。结果该例患者接受了根治性全胃切除手术,术后病理提示胃体病变符合进展期低分化腺癌,而胃底病变则为低级别胃MALT淋巴瘤。将该例患者与既往报道的40例胃癌同时合并胃MALT淋巴瘤患者合并分析,结果显示,男性占61．O％（25／41）,胃癌病灶处于早期者占65．9％（27／41）,MALT淋巴瘤为低级别肿瘤者占82．9％（34／41）,伴有幽门螺杆菌（却）感染者占72．5％（29／40）,胃癌与胃MALT淋巴瘤不相邻或独立存在者占60．0％（24／40）。治疗方法选择全胃切除术者9例,胃大部分切除术者7例,另有25例治疗情况不明。结论胃癌同时合并胃MALT淋巴瘤临床较为罕见,其胃癌多处于早期,胃MALT淋巴瘤多为低级别肿瘤,常伴有耶感染,治疗方法主要取决于胃癌的治疗。     

91例家族性胃癌的临床特点及预后分析

目的：探讨家族性胃癌的临床病理特征及预后,为制定合理的治疗方案提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院胃部肿瘤科2003年3月至2007年10月收治的91例家族性胃癌患者的临床资料,选取同期293例散发性胃癌患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果家族性胃癌患者肿瘤直径小于或等于5 cm者所占比例明显高于散发性胃癌患者[65．9％（60/91）比52．6％（154/293）,P＝0．025],低分化者所占比例高于散发性胃癌患者[68．1％（62/91）比55．6％（163/293）, P＝0．034]。家族性胃癌患者术后5年总体生存率明显低于散发性胃癌患者（25．6％比38．9％,P＝0．001）;进一步分层分析,T4期家族性胃癌与散发性胃癌患者5年生存率分别为14．5％和30．5％;N3期患者分别为10．4％和17．3％,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;两组间其他T分期和N分期5年生存率的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。单因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、病理类型、手术方式、浸润深度和淋巴结转移与家族性胃癌患者预后有关;多因素分析显示,肿瘤大小（HR＝2．271）、病理类型（HR＝1．449）、浸润深度（HR＝1．748）及淋巴结转移（HR＝1．487）是影响家族性胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论与散发性胃癌比较,家族性胃癌患者具有肿瘤分化差和预后不佳的特点。     

全结肠系膜切除应用于腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术的安全性及疗效分析

目的探讨全结肠系膜切除在腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中的安全性及短期疗效。方法回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院胃肠肿瘤微创外科2009年4月至2011年11月连续收治的70例右半结肠癌患者的临床资料。结果共有65例行腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除右半结肠癌切除术患者纳入研究,全组患者手术时间120～285（中位时间185）min,术中出血量30～150（中位50）ml;中位淋巴结清扫数24枚／例;术后并发症发生率9．2％（6／65）,术后中位排气时间3d,术后住院时间7d。无30d内再住院患者及死亡患者。全组患者的2年总生存率为98．5％,2年无病生存率为83．1％。结论在腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中应用全结肠系膜切除技术．可以达到肿瘤的根治性完整切除：且可发挥腹腔镜手术术中出血少、术后恢复快的优势,并未增加手术风险,术后短期随访疗效良好。     

复方氯己定含漱液对种植义齿后种植体周围龈沟液中骨桥蛋白和碱性磷酸酶水平的影响

目的：探讨种植义齿后复方氯己定含漱液含漱对种植体周围龈沟液中骨桥蛋白（OPN）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平的影响。方法：20例种植义齿患者随机分为A、B两组,每组10例,每位患者种植义齿1颗。A组患者义齿种植术后应用0.12%复方氯己定含漱液漱口,每次15 ml,早晚刷牙后含漱。B组患者只于早晚刷牙后清水漱口。两组均在种植术前2h及种植术后1.5个月采集种植体龈沟液1次,采用Western-boltting法检测OPN的表达,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测ALP水平。结果：两组患者种植义齿前OPN和ALP的表达差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,种植术后A组OPN和ALP的水平明显低于B组术后,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：种植义齿术后用复方氯己定含漱液含漱能够明显降低种植体周围龈沟液中OPN及ALP表达,有利于种植牙的成功种植。