脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

多层CT面神经管MPR双斜位成像方法

目的:探讨利用多层CT各向同性容积数据,实现面神经管的MPR双斜位成像。方法:对50侧正常颞骨行多层CT横断位扫描,利用双斜位MPR技术,先在横断位参考图像上旋转参考线与面神经管鼓室段长轴平行,然后在冠状位参考图像上再次调整参考线方向与面神经管乳突段长轴方向平行,重组出面神经管双斜位图像,计算面神经管成像成功率,并与横断位、冠状位、矢状位图像比较面神经管行程的显示程度有无差异。结果:面神经管双斜位图像需要在横断位参考图像上旋转参考线的角度为32.85°±6.76°,在冠状位参考图像上旋转参考线的角度为14.15°±9.02°;在面神经管双斜位图像上,面神经管表现为“ㄟ”形,由前向后同时显示出膝状神经节、鼓室段、后膝部和乳突段;面神经管双斜位成像成功率为100%,面神经管行程的显示程度大于横断位、冠状位和矢状位。结论:多层CT双斜位MPR是显示面神经管的新方法,面神经管双斜位图像可以直接用于临床诊断,对全面、直观地观察面神经管行程、管径、毗邻具有重要价值。     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的CT和MRI表现,并评价2种影像检查方法的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析12例经组织学证实鼻腔鼻窦神经鞘瘤的影像资料,12例均做cT检查,10例做MR检查.结果 12例神经鞘瘤中良性11例,低度恶性1例;发生于鼻筛区4例,上颌窦3例,上颌窦、筛窦及蝶窦2例,上颌窦、鼻腔1例,蝶窦1例,后鼻孔1例;病变边界清楚,呈椭圆形4例,不规则形8例.CT表现:病变区轮廓扩大,相应鼻腔鼻窦骨质受压、变薄、移位,其中8例伴局部吸收,1例伴轻微侵蚀性破坏;平扫病变密度均匀10例,另2例其内可见低密度区,增强后2例病变显示不均匀强化.MRI表现:与脑实质比较,T1WI呈等信号,其中3例可见片状及结节状低信号,2例伴有片状高信号;T2WI呈不均匀等信号7例,稍高信号3例,其中2例伴有片状低信号;9例病变内可见点、片状高信号,其中6例伴有规整的结节状高信号,1例显示液-液面;增强后9例显示中度或显著不均匀强化,1例较均匀显著强化.2例行MR动态增强扫描,时间.信号强度曲线为平台型.6例伴有阻塞性鼻窦炎,T1WI为低信号,T2WI为高信号,增强后其内部不强化,边缘可见线状强化.MRI均清楚显示病变的范围和伴发的炎症.结论 骨质变形、变薄、吸收和MR T2WI所示斑片、结节状高信号并且增强后无强化为该病特征性表现;CT和MR两种影像检查方法联合使用能够对该病的诊断、治疗提供更全面的信息.     

成人眼球内葡萄膜黑色素瘤与非黑色素瘤MRI比较研究

目的比较分析成人眼球内葡萄膜黑色素瘤与非黑色素瘤性肿块的MRI征象,寻找最佳联合诊断特征。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院2005年3月至2015年12月经手术病理或临床随访确诊的254例成人眼球内肿块患者的MRI资料,包括128例葡萄膜黑色素瘤和126例非黑色素瘤性肿块。采用χ2检验或独立样本t检验比较两组肿块的MRI征象,包括部位、形态、边缘、T1WI和T2WI信号(分别与脑灰质和玻璃体相比)特征及均匀度、高度、基底径、基底径与高度比值、强化程度、强化方式、有无伴发视网膜脱离;采用二元logistic回归分析获取具有鉴别诊断价值的MRI征象,并采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析其诊断黑色素瘤的灵敏度、特异度和准确率,建立logistic回归模型构建联合参数,评价其诊断效能。结果黑色素瘤与非黑色素瘤间肿块部位、形态、边缘、T1WI和T2WI信号(分别与脑灰质和玻璃体相比)、信号均匀度、强化程度、伴发视网膜脱离,肿瘤高度、基底径与高度比值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,肿块的T1WI和T2WI信号(与脑灰质相比)、高度、形态、部位、强化程度及伴发视网膜脱离是诊断黑色素瘤的有效指标,其中肿块的T2WI信号(与脑灰质相比)优势比(12.237)最大,准确率为86.2%。与脑灰质相比T2WI呈低信号和T1WI呈高信号的诊断准确率高于与玻璃体相比(Delong检验,P<0.001)。肿块的高度、强化程度、T1WI和T2WI信号(与脑灰质相比)联合诊断黑色素瘤的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为90.6%、92.1%和96.1%,高于任何单一指标(P<0.001)。结论综合分析肿块的T1WI和T2WI信号(与脑灰质相比)、高度、形态、部位、强化程度和伴发视网膜脱离情况可提高鉴别诊断葡萄膜黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤性肿块的准确率,以脑灰质为参照物评估肿块的T1WI和T2WI信号优于玻璃体。     

PROPELLER Duo DW-MRI鉴别鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤与鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌的价值

目的　通过周期性旋转重叠平行线采集和增强处理重组（PROPELLER）Duo DW-MRI对鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤（sinonasal inverted papilloma，SNIP）与鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌MR定量分析，评估表面弥散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient，ADC）值对鉴别二者的价值。方法　回顾性分析经手术病理证实的SNIP 61例、鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌41例患者的脂肪抑制PROPELLER Duo DW-MRI资料（b值0、1000 s/mm2），采用病变最大层面感兴趣区（ROI）和局部ROI（ADC值最小区域，圆形，面积30 mm2）两种方法分别测量ADC值（简称最大层面ADC值、最小ADC值）。采用独立样本t 检验比较两种肿瘤ADC值有无差异，通过ROC曲线分析ADC值对鉴别二者的能力。结果　两种测量方法获取的鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌的最大层面ADC值、最小ADC值均低于SNIP（P 均=0.000），最大层面ADC值大于最小ADC值（P =0.000）。以1.46×10-3mm2/s为临界值，最大层面ADC值鉴别鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌与SNIP的ROC曲线下面积为0.979；以1.40×10-3mm2/s为临界值，最小ADC值鉴别鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌与SNIP的ROC曲线下面积为0.948，最大层面ADC值鉴别鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌与SNIP的能力高于最小ADC值（P =0.018）。结论　PROPELLER Duo DW-MRI在SNIP与鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

重症慢性心力衰竭患者的个体化药物治疗与经济性分析

目的探讨重症慢性心力衰竭患者的个体化治疗效果及治疗经济性。方法采用利尿剂、血管扩张剂、洋地黄类正性肌力药物（西地兰）、抗心律失常药（利多卡因、心律平等）和醛固酮拮抗剂（螺内酯）,适时加用β受体阻滞剂（BB）、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）或血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）等治疗心力衰竭患者55例。观察治疗前后心功能分级、实验室检查、超声心动图检查。结果治疗后总有效率达94．55％;治疗后心率、收缩压、舒张压、左室舒张末期客积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）与治疗前相比有明显差异（P〈0．05）;患者住院后第1周所花费用最多,随着病情的稳定及控制,医疗费用逐渐下降。结论在心力衰竭基础治疗的基础上,根据患者具体情况合理地应用适量的ARB,BB或ACEI及醛固酮拮抗剂,既可增加患者长期用药的依从性,又可改善其生活质量及预后。     

1021例取环原因分析

目的:探讨密云地区妇女的取环原因。方法:对2006年11月26日~2007年8月26日期间行取环术的1021例病例进行调查分析。结果:取环术中绝经妇女占48.09%;育龄妇女中因节育器副反应要求取环占21.35%,因换环要求取环占16.06%。结论:应重视绝经后妇女的生殖保健,重视放环术后的副反应,重视放环术后的随访。     

妊娠期糖耐量受损与母儿预后

目的:研究妊娠期糖耐量受损(GIGT)对母儿结局的影响。方法:于2004年9月~2005年8月对GIGT孕妇85例,妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇52例,与糖耐量正常孕妇1 076例的母儿结局进行比较。结果:GIGT组妊高征、巨大儿、羊水过多、早产及剖宫产均高于对照组。新生儿低血糖、新生儿高胆红素血症高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:GIGT与GDM对母儿影响相似,对GIGT应及时诊断与治疗。