The Application of Topical Anesthesia Combined with Subconjunctival Anesthesia for Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, reliability and analgesia effect of topical anesthesia combined with subconjunctival anesthesia in anti-glaucomatous surgery.Methods: Two hundred and four cases (357 eyes) underwent anti-glaucomatous surgeries under topical anesthesia with 0.5％ Alcaine eye drops combined with subconjunctival anesthesia with 2％ Lidocaine. The analgesic effect was analysed with visual analogue pain scale.Results: Among all of 357 eyes, 62 eyes underwent peripheral iridectomy, 67 eyes underwent simple trabeculectomy, 167 eyes underwent compound brabeculectomy and 12 eyes nonpenetrating trabecular surgery. The effects of anesthesia were as follows: 304 eyes (85.2％) were painless (Grade Ⅰ), 50 eyes (14.0％) were slight painful (Grade Ⅱ), and 3 eyes (0.8％) were more painful (Grade Ⅲ) during surgery. And no severe complications were observed in all the cases during surgery and postoperatively. Amaurosis fugax was not observed in the glaucoma patients at the late stage with narrow vi     

碳酸氢钠预防造影剂肾病——一项随机对照研究

背景：造影剂肾病仍是放射影像学检查的一种常见并发症。在动物急性缺血性肾衰竭模型中，预先使用碳酸氢钠比氯化钠的肾脏保护作用更佳。缺血和造影剂引发的急性肾衰竭均被认为是自由基损伤所致。但是，在人或动物至今尚无评价碳酸氢钠预防造影剂肾病有效性的研究。 目的：在使用放射性造影剂前后用碳酸氢钠或氯化钠进行预防性水化，比较二者的有效性。 设计、地点和病人：一项于2002年9月16日至2003年6月17日进行的前瞻性、单中心、随机试验。119例血清肌酐稳定在≥1．1mg／dL（t≥97．2μmol／L）水平的病人，在应用碘帕醇（370mg碘／mL）造影前后，随机接受了氯化钠静脉滴注（n=59）或碳酸氢钠静脉滴注（n=60），剂量均为154mEq／L。在造影前及造影后第1、2天进行了血清肌酐检测。 干预：病人接受154mEq／L的氯化钠或碳酸氢钠，造影前以每小时3mL／kg的速度静脉滴注1小时，造影后以每小时1mL／kg的速度滴注上述药物6小时。 主要观察指标：造影剂肾病，其定义为在造影后2天内血清肌酐升高tμ25％。 结果：两组病人在年龄、性别、糖尿病发生、种族以及造影剂用量方面无显著差异。碳酸氢钠治疗组病人基线血清肌酐水平稍高于氯化钠治疗组，但亦无显著差异（氯化钠组均值[sD]为1．71[0．42]mg／dL[151．2{37．1}μmol／L]，碳酸氢钠组为1．89[0．69]mg／dL[167．1{61．0}μmol／L]；P=0．09）。氯化钠组8例（13．6％），发生造影剂肾病一级终点，而碳酸氢钠组仅1例（1．7％）（均值差别，11．9％；95％可信区间[CI]，2．6％～21．2％；P=0．02）。随后，又对191例符合研究纳入标准的病人给予了碳酸氢钠治疗并进行随访登记，结果有3例出现了造影剂肾病（1．6％；95％CI，0％～3．4％）。 结论：对于造影剂引发的肾衰竭，在造影前采用碳酸氢钠进行水化治疗比采用氯化钠水化治疗更为有效。     

美国肝病研究学会慢性乙型肝炎实践指南

这篇指南已获得美国肝病研究学会（AASLD）认可，并代表学会的观点。 0引言 指南目的在于帮助内科医生和其他医务工作者对感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）病人的识别、诊断和处理。这些推荐建议为乙型肝炎病人的治疗提供了数据支持。资料来源于：①截至2006年2月Medline关于本主题所有发表的文献和2003～2005年间会议上发表的摘要；[第一段]     

甲型H1N1流感确诊病例出院标准(试行)

甲型H1N1流感确诊病例同时满足下列条件时,可以出院: 1.体温正常,流感样症状消失≥3 d,无并发症,临床情况稳定;     

Apopotic gene Bax expression in carotid plaque

The expression of BAX in carotid atherosclcrosis and its regulation is far from defined. Objectives To investigate BAX expression in stable/fibrous and instable/vulnerable carotid plaque and its clinical significance. Methods 25 cases of carotid plaque specimens obtained from endarterectomy were divided into two groups, stable/fibrous 14 cases, vulnerable/instable 11 cases; aortic artery and its branches from hepatic transplantation donors 6 case as control. The expression of proapoptotic BAX was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization(ISH) and in situ TdT dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results 5 eases of BAX ( ) were detected by ICH and ISH, 4 case of TUNEL ( ) were detected by TUNEL in stable/fibrous carotid plaque, while 10 cases were BAX ( )by IHC(P<0.05) , 11 case by ISH and 9 case by TUNEL were detected in instable/vulnerable carotid plaque (P<0.01), respectively. The intensity of BAX ( ) cells by IHC and ISH was 8.63±2.62 and 10.32±3.12 in fibrous plaques, whereas 122±21.64 and 152±23.35 in vulnerable plaques, respectively. No expression of BAX was found in controlled group. Conclusion The higher expression of Bax in vulnerable carotid plaque may be one mechanisms in molecular pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis which affect plaque stability and be the cause of higher incidence of stroke than fibrous carotid plaques, the regulation of BAX expression in different stage of atherosclerosis may provide targets in gene therapy for carotid atherosclerosis.     

β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISM IN CHINESE NORTHERN ASTHMATICS

THEβ2-adrenergicreceptor(β2-AR)ishighlyexpre-ssedonairwaysmoothmusclecellsinlung,anddefectsinβ2-ARsignalpathwaywereinvolvedinthepathogenesisofasthma.1 Humanβ2-ARgeneisanintr-onlessgenewithacodingblockconsistingof1239nucleo-tidesonchromosome5q31-32,genome-widesearchforas-thmasusceptibilitylocishowedthatmarkersonthisregionhavebeenlinkedtoasthma-associatedphenotypesinvariousethnicpopulations.2 Reihsausetal3 firstdescribedninecod-ingregionpolymorphisms,particularly,thethreecommonaminoacidsu…     

丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤合治婴幼儿腹泻

目的：探讨丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤治疗婴幼儿迁延性或慢性腹泻的疗效。方法：将62例患儿随机分为两组，均补液、维持水电解质及酸碱平衡。治疗组用丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤，对照组用蒙脱石。7d为1个疗程，观察两组疗效。结果：治疗组的显效率、有效率、总有效率明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：丽珠肠乐、参苓止泻汤合治婴幼儿迁延性或慢性腹泻疗效满意。     

Oxygen Reverses Deficits of Cognitive Function and Memory and Increased Heart Rate Induced by Acute Severe Isovolemic Anemia

Background: Erythrocytes are transfused to improve oxygen delivery and prevent or treat inadequate oxygenation of tissues. Acute isovolemic anemia subtly slows human data processing and degrades memory, increases heart rate, and decreases self-assessed energy level. Erythrocyte transfusion is efficacious in reversing these effects of acute anemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) to 350 mmHg or greater would supply sufficient oxygen to be equivalent to augmenting hemoglobin concentration by 2-3 g/dl and thus reverse the effects of acute anemia.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy volunteers, aged 28 +/- 4 yr (mean +/- SD), were tested with verbal memory and standard, computerized neuropsychologic tests before and twice after acute isovolemic reduction of their hemoglobin concentration to 5.7 +/- 0.3 g/dl. Two sets of tests were performed in randomized order at the lower hemoglobin concentration: with the volunteer breathing room air or oxygen. The subject and those administering the tests and recording the results were unaware which gas was administered. As an additional control for duration of the experiment, 10 of these volunteers also completed the same tests on a separate day, without alteration of hemoglobin concentration, at times of the day similar to those on the experimental day. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and self-assessed sense of energy were recorded at the time of each test.

Results: Reaction time for digit-symbol substitution test increased, delayed memory was degraded, mean arterial pressure and energy level decreased, and heart rate increased at a hemoglobin concentration of 5.7 g/dl (all P < 0.05). Increasing Pao2 to 406 +/- 47 mmHg reversed the digit-symbol substitution test result and the delayed memory changes to values not different from those at the baseline hemoglobin concentration of 12.7 +/- 1.0 g/dl, and decreased heart rate (P < 0.05). However, mean arterial pressure and energy level changes were not altered with increased Pao2 during acute anemia.     

体感诱发电位在椎管内占位显微手术中的监测

目的　评价体感诱发电位 (SEP)在神经外科脊髓疾病显微手术中的监测作用 ,避免或减少医源性脊髓损伤。方法　 2 8例病人行术前、术中SEP全程监测 ,包括脊髓SEP(SSEP)及皮层SEP(CSEP) ,术中及时把监测信息反馈给术者。并将术中监测结果与术后疗效对照分析。结果　椎管内占位手术在行髓内肿瘤切除时最易引发SEP波幅降低及潜时延长。术中监测按Frankel分级D、E级患者波幅较基准电位下降不超过 50 % ,潜伏期延长不超过7% ;B、C级患者波幅较基准电位下降不超过 40 % ,潜伏期延长不超过 5 %。术后不会引起脊髓功能不可逆损害。结论　脊髓手术时行SSEP和CSEP联合监测可及时反映出脊髓功能的变化 ,提高术者术中操作的安全性 ,避免或减少术后并发症