人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折行人工股骨头置换术的临床疗效。方法本组74例，年龄75～89岁，平均80．3岁；骨折类型按Evans分类：ⅢA型31例，ⅢB型24例，Ⅳ型19例。其中3例为经内固定治疗失败病例，合并内科疾病者69例，在相关内科协同治疗后行双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术，术后早期进行康复锻炼。结果74例都顺利通过手术，住院期间无死亡病例；72例获得随访，随访时间3～16个月，平均9．2个月；无一例出现畸形，髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平，生活可自理；2例于出院后5个月、11个月死于其他疾病。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折是一种效果确切的治疗方法，操作简单、创伤小、卧床时间短、并发症低、死亡率低，提高了高龄患者的生活质量。     

军队在职干部腰身指数与心血管危险因素相关性探讨

目的 研究用腰身指数（腰围/身高比值WHtR）作为腹型肥胖指标探讨与心血管危险因素的相关性。方法 对2005年3月～2006年12月入住广州疗养院的军队在职干部共495人进行身高、体重、腰围、血压、心率、生化等检测,并进行统计学分析。结果 腰身指数异常组的年龄、体重、SBP、DBP、FBS、TC、TG以及尿酸均显著高于腰身指数正常组,HDL-C的结果则相反（P〈0.01～P〈0.001）;同时腰身指数与年龄、体重、SBP、DBP、FBS、TC、TG呈显著正相关,与HDL-C呈显著负相关（P〈0.05～P〈0.001）。结论 腰身指数可作为有效的腹型肥胖参考指标,腰身指数异常者其心血管危险因素水平比正常者高,及时控制腰身指数可以有效改善人群的健康状况。     

胰腺癌扩大根治术中的血管处理

目的 探讨联合门静脉-肠系膜上静脉切除的胰腺癌扩大根治术的临床意义和手术方法 ,以及术中医源性血管损伤的处理方法 .方法 回顾性分析242例胰腺癌扩大根治术患者临床资料,所有患者分为三组,A组为门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除组(n=51),B组为术中发生医源性血管损伤组(n=5),C组为未行血管处理组(n=186),比较三个组的手术时间、术中输血量、血管阻断时间、平均住院天数、术后并发症及术后生存分析.结果 三个组手术时间分别为(442.85±102.32)min、(348.62±92.31)min和(315.00±83.43)min,术中平均输血量为(1430.83±1092.43)ml、(1420.22±794.41 ml)和(928.19±571.57)ml,手术时间和术中输血量相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),平均住院天数、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P 0.05).合并门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除的胰腺腺癌患者术后中位生存期18.4个月,不合并门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除组的胰腺腺癌患者术后中位生存期16.1个月,生存分析两者无明显差异(P 0.05).51例联合血管切除的患者中,行血管壁部分切除7例,行血管节段切除44例,44例血管节段切除患者中38例行端端吻合,6例行间置移植物,血管切除长度平均(2.92±1.35)cm;5例术中医源性动脉损伤的血管分别为肝动脉1例,肠系膜上动脉1例,腹腔干3例,处理方式为4例行端端吻合,1例行局部修补.结论 积极合理的开展联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除的胰腺癌扩大根治术可以提高手术切除率,改善患者生活质量.由于局部的解剖关系复杂,术中较易发生医源性血管损伤,应引起术者重视并加以正确处理.     

A CT-free, intra-operative planning and navigation system for minimally invasive anterior spinal surgery - an accuracy study.

OBJECTIVE: A comprehensive study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of a newly developed CT-free, intra-operative planning and navigation system for anterior spine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Instruments and an image intensifier were tracked using the SurgiGATE navigation system. A laboratory study was performed on 27 plastic vertebrae. Fiducial markers were implanted in the vertebrae for accuracy evaluation purposes, and a dynamic reference base was placed on the vertebrae to establish a patient coordinate system (P-COS). Two fluoroscopic images were used for intra-operative planning. The graft bed plan was recorded in P-COS, followed by surgical formation of the graft bed, which was visualized. To evaluate the accuracy, the vertebrae were scanned with CT, and the markers were used to calculate an accurate paired-point registered transformation between the CT coordinate system and P-COS. RESULTS: Using the new SPO module, accurate planning and navigation of a resection of the vertebral body is possible using two fluoroscopic images. The overall mean error between the planned resection volume and the actual resection was 0.98 mm. In addition, the module can serve as an educational tool for training spine surgeons. CONCLUSIONS: The new fluoroscopy-based system can be used safely for accurate performance of anterior resection during spondylodesis. New methods for safe and accurate registration during anterior spine surgery need to be developed.     

猪原位肝移植模型改进的研究

目的　探讨猪同种异体原位肝移植模型的改进方法。方法　选封闭群小型猪为实验动物 ,对既往猪原位肝移植模型进行系列改进 ,观察新建动物植模型的成功率、重复性和稳定性。结果在实验动物选择、手术方式及术中监护管理等方面进行改进的基础上行同种异体原位肝移植 2 0次 ,手术时间 (181.0± 2 5 .8)min及无肝期 (2 8.4± 3.2 )min较传统猪原位肝移植术明显缩短。动物术后肝功能恢复顺利 ,1周存活率 90 % ,15例动物长期存活。长期存活动物的血管和胆管并发症发生率低。结论　改进后的猪同种异体原位肝移植模型具有操作简便 ,标准化程度及手术成功率高 ,重复性和稳定性好的优点 ,是大动物肝移植系列研究的较理想动物模型     

市场机制下政府调节与医疗管制制度框架的构建

医疗机构分类管理的政策确定了我国医疗服务的市场取向.我国医疗市场服务因其特殊的技术经济特点也存在一般意义上的市场失灵,使政府管制这一非市场治理机制的产生与存在成为必要,以弥补与矫正市场缺陷,保证医疗服务市场的规范运行和卫生改革的顺利推进.     

Observation of three anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies in children with tuberculosis during chemotherapy]

Earlobe blood from 122 children with tuberculosis and 187 healthy children were assayed for anti-OTIgG, anti-PPDIgG and anti-Ag6IgG by ABC-ELISA. We found that the mean levels and sensitivity of anti-OTIgG and anti-PPDIgG decreased significantly in patients receiving more than 3 months of chemotherapy, but the anti-Ag6IgG remained constant. 18 patients were followed up for 12 months. among them 6 patients had a conversion from negative of anti-Ag6IgG to positive results. It is suggested that IgG to various M. tuberculosis antigens changes differently during the chemotherapy.     

成人结肠冗长症的诊治(附42例分析)

目的：探讨成人结肠冗长症的诊断与围手术期处理经验，提高对该病的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析42例成人结肠冗长症的临床资料，并作了随访观察。结果：32例患者（75．7％）有顽固性便秘，18例患者（42．9％）存在反复不完全肠梗阻，16例患者（38．1％）便秘与腹泻交替出现，以便秘为主。39例经X线钡剂灌肠透视确诊。急诊手术3例，择期手术39例。41例（97．6％）病理检查于镜下可见典型改变。42例均行不同长度的肠段切除，4例加行乙状结肠固定术。术后随访率为83．3％（35／42），28例症状消失，4例仍有症状，保守治疗有效果，3例再次手术，术后症状消失。结论：典型的病史和X线钡剂灌肠可确诊成人结肠冗长症，外科手术是治疗本病的最终有效措施。