Serum Exosomal microRNA-27-3p Aggravates Cerebral Injury and Inflammation in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction by Targeting PPARγ

Inflammation - Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) possesses high mortality. Exosomes present in serum have potential application value in ACI diagnosis. This study investigated the mechanism of serum...     

Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases

Circadian rhythm is a natural, endogenous process whose physiological functions are controlled by a set of clock genes. Disturbance of the clock genes have detrimental effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, which significantly enhance pro-inflammatory responses and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases via strictly controlling the individual cellular components of the immune system that initiate and perpetuate the inflammation pathways. Autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), often exhibit substantial circadian oscillations, and circadian rhythm is involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. Mounting evidence indicate that the synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes have the property of reducing the susceptibility and clinical severity of subjects. This review supplies an overview of the roles of circadian clock genes in the pathology of autoimmune diseases, including BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY, REV-ERBα, and ROR. Furthermore, summarized some circadian clock genes as candidate genes for autoimmune diseases and current advancement on therapy of autoimmune diseases with synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes. The existing body of knowledge demonstrates that circadian clock genes are inextricably linked to autoimmune diseases. Future research should pay attention to improve the quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases and reduce the effects of drug preparation on the normal circadian rhythms.     

A systematic review of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019, it has brought significant harm and challenges to over 200 countries and regions around the world. However, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, but they are able to transmit the virus to others. There are difficulties in screening for asymptomatic infections, which makes it more difficult for national prevention and control of this epidemic. This article reviews the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, hoping it would be helpful for early prevention and control of this severe public health threat worldwide.     

Risk Factors Predicting Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Adult Asthmatics: A Real-World Clinical Evidence

PurposeMinimizing the future risk of asthma exacerbation (AE) is one of the main goals of asthma management. We investigated prognostic factors for risk of severe AE (SAE) in a real-world clinical setting.MethodsThis is an observational study evaluating subjects who were diagnosed with asthma and treated with anti-asthmatic medications from January 1995 to June 2018. Risk factors for SAE were analyzed in 2 treatment periods (during the initial 2 years and the following 3–10 years of treatment) using the big data of electronic medical records.ResultsIn this study, 5,058 adult asthmatics were enrolled; 1,335 (28.64%) experienced ≥ 1 SAE during the initial 2 years of treatment. Female sex, higher peripheral eosinophil/basophil counts, and lower levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; %) were factors predicting the risk of SAEs (P < 0.001 for all). Higher serum total immunoglobulin E levels increased the risk of SAEs among the patients having ≤ 2 SAEs (P = 0.025). Patients with more frequent SAEs during the initial 2 years of treatment had significantly higher risks of SAEs during the following years of treatment (P < 0.001, for all) (patients with ≥ 4 SAEs, odds ratio [OR], 29.147; those with 3 SAEs, OR, 14.819; those with 2 SAEs, OR, 9.867; those with 1 SAE, OR, 5.116), had higher maintenance doses of systemic steroids, and showed more gradual decline in FEV1 (%) and FEV1/forced vital capacity levels maintained during the following years of treatment (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsAsthmatics having risk factors for SAEs (female sex, higher peripheral eosinophil/basophil counts, and lower FEV1) should be strictly monitored to prevent future risk and improve clinical outcomes.     

盆腔肿瘤调强与三维适形放疗肠道勾画与剂量-体积限制的研究进展

在盆腔肿瘤的放射治疗过程中,肠道损伤是重要的不良反应。随着调强放射治疗（IMRT）等精准放疗技术的广泛应用,正常组织器官的受照剂量已大幅下降。然而,肠道的不良反应仍限制了靶区剂量的提高。故在给予病灶足够照射剂量的同时,对肠道等重要危及器官（OAR）的保护变得更加重要。目前多数研究采用基于肠管的勾画方法,采用小肠+结肠勾画,对于2级急性不良反应,有意义的剂量-体积预测指标包括V_{45 Gy}<50 cm³,V_{50 Gy}<13 cm³,V_{55 Gy}<3 cm³;采用肠袋勾画,对于2级不良反应,有意义的预测指标包括V_{40 Gy}< 170 cm³,V_{45 Gy}< 100 cm³,V_{50 Gy}< 33 cm³。     

携带式远程实时心电监测仪在心律失常诊断中的应用

目的通过与动态心电图（Hoher）记录的心电图比较,检验携带式远程实时心电检洲仪（AKM—N1型,简称心电检测仪）临床应用的价值。方法选取2011年10～11月存北京安贞医院心内科住院和门诊以心律失常为主要表现的心脏病患者36例,其中男性2l例,女性15例,平均年龄（43．0±14．8）岁。所有人选患者同时行心电检测仪和Holier监测,比刈’两行同步记录的心电蚓数据（包括P波时限、PR间期、QRS波群时限、QT间期、RR间期、有无伪差与干扰、有无心律失常及心律失常类,型）足否一致。两组分别选取相同时间点比对上述参数,包括记录的第10分钟、第20分钟、第30分钟、筇40分钟和第50分钟开始的30S心电数据,以及在受试者心脏不适或临床医生指示的情情下,2次同步按压两者的“捕捉键”进行心电捕捉的30S记录。结果36例入选患者有29例检测到心律失常。两种榆测方法得到的不同时间的P波时限、QRS波群时限、PR间期、QTM期与RR间期无差异,两种方法检出心律失常的情况高度关联（P〈0．001）,检出心律失常的比例无差异（P=1．0）。两种检测方法出现伪差与干扰的比例无差别,但出现伪差与干扰情况的关联性不肯定。临床试验过程无不良反应。结论携带式远程实时心电监测仪（AKM—N1型）获得的心电数据准确,对心律失常的诊断能力与Holter相当,借助网络传输,可及时指导患者治疗。     

4.1蛋白家族成员merlin与ezrin在青海藏族胃癌中表达及对胃癌细胞功能的影响

目的 研究4.1蛋白家族成员merlin和ezrin在青海藏族胃癌组织中突变与表达特点,同时研究二者对胃癌细胞增殖、黏附侵移能力的影响.方法 用PCR及DNA测序检测merlin突变,免疫组化检测ezrin蛋白表达,用MTT方法检测胃癌细胞增殖与黏附侵移.结果 青海藏族胃癌组织中检测到merlin蛋白基因NF2外显子17两个位点突变率较高,超过50％.而ezrin蛋白表达在青海藏族胃癌组织中比正常胃黏膜组织中为高(P＜0.05),其表达水平与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移及组织学分型有关(P＜0.05).此外,MTT检测结果显示,FERM蛋白结构域、merlin-2对胃癌细胞增殖与细胞黏附侵染无明显影响,并且ezrin对胃癌细胞黏附侵移能力亦无明显影响,但对细胞增殖具有一定抑制能力.抑癌基因蛋白merlin-1不但抑制细胞增殖,而且也对细胞黏附侵移具有抑制作用,其中抑癌基因蛋白merlin-1对细胞增殖抑制能力比ezrin蛋白更加明显.结论 Merlin和ezrin蛋白表达与青海藏族胃癌易感性具有一定关系,且两种因子参与调节胃癌细胞增殖和细胞黏附能力.     

Potential Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 in the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells

IntroductionThe differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) plays an important role in the repair of dental pulp injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most effective BMPs to induce the differentiation of stem cells. However, the role of BMP9 in promoting the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs and dentinogenesis is worth knowing.MethodsFluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect the BMP9 expression in human dental pulp. BMP9 was overexpressed in human DPCs (hDPCs), and the mineralization of hDPCs was tested by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The subcutaneous transplantation experiment was performed to test the odonto-induction ability of BMP9 in vivo. The rat direct pulp-capping experiment was performed to test the function of BMP9 in promoting dentin formation.ResultsBMP9 showed an increased expression in odontoblast layer at both the mRNA and protein levels. BMP9 enhanced the mineralization and induced the expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes in hDPCs. More mineralized nodules, and increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) were detected in the beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold/cells composites of BMP9 group compared with the control group. Meanwhile, there was thicker reparative dentin formation in the BMP9 group in the rat pulp exposure experiment.ConclusionsBMP9 participates in the process of DPC differentiation and promotes DPC mineralization and dentinogenesis. BMP9 might be a potential therapeutic target in the repair of dental pulp injury.