无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的治疗

目的:探讨多节段无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤的治疗。方法:多节段无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤21例,均行单开门颈椎管扩大减压成形术。采用JOA、Frankel分级及影像学进行疗效评价。结果:平均随访2年1个月,JOA评分术后改善率为37.81%,Frankel分级A→B 1例,B→C 7例,C→C 1例,C→D 10例,D→D 2例,D→E 4例。影像学检查提示颈椎生理曲度正常,未发现有再关门及不稳定现象。结论:单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术由于重建了颈后方韧带复合体,对于改善和维持颈椎的生理屈度、稳定性方面有重要的临床意义。     

GS23PPAEDIATRIC SURGERY PERFORMED BY GENERAL SURGEONS IN A PROVINCIAL NEW ZEALAND (NZ) HOSPITAL

Purpose To perform an audit of paediatric surgical patients in a provincial general surgical unit. Methodology Data was prospectively recorded using a standardized proforma on all children aged up to 15 yrs, seen between 11th December 2005 and 11th December 2006. Results There were 209 admissions (194 children), median age 8 yrs (6 wks–15 yrs) with 153 (73%) acutes. 37 children (18%) were under 2 yrs. Male : female ratio was 3 : 2. Procedures (n = 119) were appendicectomy (35), inguinal herniotomy (30), skin procedures (29), endoscopy (10), testicular (10) and others (5). The commonest acute and elective operations were appendicectomy and inguinal herniotomy respectively. 51% of operations were acute. There were 10 tertiary hospital transfers (5%) for burns (4), pyloric stenosis (3), intussusseption (1), neonatal inguinal hernia (1) and pyoderma gangrenosum (1). Median age of transfers was 11 months (6 wks–14 yrs). Complications were wound infection (1), post‐operative ileus (2) and infarcted ovary (1). Conclusion There are increasing moves towards centralization in paediatric surgery. 1 With only 4 paediatric tertiary centres in NZ, many general surgeons routinely perform paediatric surgery. A large number of children presented to our surgical department. Around half of these children required surgery and half of operations were acute. There is still a significant need for general paediatric surgery in the provinces and hence close collaboration with specialist paediatric surgeons.     

Klippel-Feil syndrome plus atretic meningocele in one identical twin and anencephaly in the other.

Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a heterogeneous entity, characterized by specific congenital anomalies of segmentation of the cervical spine. We report a case of KFS plus atretic meningocele in one identical twin and anencephaly in the other. These identical twins were both male with no chromosome defect. One of them had anencephaly diagnosed at the gestational age of 17 weeks and died soon after birth, whereas the co-twin had KFS with multiple congenital anomalies including short neck with low hairline, occipital atretic meningocele, butterfly vertebrae, hemivertebrae, cervico-thoracic scoliosis, left thumb preaxial polydactyly, and right undescended testis. He received rehabilitation during infancy and could walk at the age of 15 months. Both of these infants had preaxial polydactyly, which is an uncommon anomaly associated with KFS. In conclusion, iniencephaly and anencephaly are probably the extreme manifestations of KFS rather than different dysraphisms. Prompt clinical suspicion with early diagnostic imaging for spine lesions and occult opening of neural tube is mandatory for further intervention and rehabilitation.     

阿立哌唑与氯氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的对照研究

目的探讨阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法对90例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组，分别给予阿立哌唑、氯氮平治疗6个月。用阳性症状与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神症状，用世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表（WHO QOL-100）评定生活质量，用TESS评定药物不良反应。结果治疗6个月后，两组对患者的生活质量均有改善。阿立哌唑组对WHO QOL-100各领域中，除精神支柱领域外，在生理、心理、独立性、社会关系和环境等领域的改善均明显优于氯氮平组；而氯氮平组仅明显改善心理领域。两组PANSS总分较疗前均有极显著性差异（P〈0．01），两组间比较无显著性差异，但阿立哌唑对阴性症状的改善优于氯氮平。阿立哌唑比氯氮平的不良反应少且轻。结论阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的改善优于氯氮平，有利于患者重返社会。     

拟诊高血压肾硬化患者的临床病理分析

目的 探讨拟诊高血压肾硬化(HN)患者的临床特征及影响预后的因素，以期提高临床对该病诊断及治疗的认识。方法 回顾性分析我科63例最初拟诊HN且有肾活检诊断的患者的临床资料。根据肾脏病理学结果分为原发性肾炎(PN)组、良性肾小动脉硬化症(BN)组及恶性肾小动脉硬化症(MN)组，比较各组间临床参数及组织学特征。对确诊HN的患者分析影响其预后的临床及病理因素。结果 63例临床拟诊为HN的患者经肾组织活检病理诊断，37例(58.7%)为BN；12例(19.0%)为MN；14例(22.2%)为PN，HN诊断符合率为77.7%。BN组患者男性较多，年龄较大，高血压家族史比例及高血压病程明显高于PN组，而PN组尿蛋白定量高于BN及MN组。MN组左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)高于PN组。BN组视网膜病变主要为0~Ⅱ级，占78%，而MN组则主要为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。PN组球性硬化肾小球比率及小管慢性化指数(CI)积分均高于MN及BN组。MN及BN组肌内膜细胞增殖、小动脉玻璃样变等血管病变均较PN组明显，其中BN组改变最为显著。多因素回归分析提示收缩压(SBP)、尿蛋白定量、尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(TC)是影响肾脏病进展的危险因素，优势比分别为2.563、2.467、2.323、2.357。结论 临床拟诊HN的患者不能排除PN。部分HN与PN患者临床表现相似，单纯依据病史及实验室检查难以区分。肾组织病理检查是确诊的最佳手段。 SBP、尿蛋白、TC、UA等因素可加速HN的病变进展。     

17 β雌二醇通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制前列腺癌细胞系PC3增殖

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在17β雌二醇(E2)抑制前列腺癌PC3细胞生长中的作用。方法检测不同浓度E2作用不同时间后PC3细胞生长抑制率。流式细胞仪分析细胞周期分布,TUNEL染色检测凋亡。Western blot检测ERK1/2,JNK和p38活性。RT-PCR法检测雌激素受体(ER)α、ERβ、P21WAF1和cyclinD1的表达。结果E2抑制PC3细胞增殖,并且可以激活ERK1/2、JNK和p38。处理因素作用48h后,对照组、E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组细胞的凋亡率分别为(0.9±0.1)%;(23.0±1.4)%;(30.0±1.2)%;(10.6±0.8)%和(14.6±0.7)%,(P<0.05)。E2使细胞阻滞在G1期,PD98059、SP600125、SB203580分别预处理1h后细胞分别进一步阻滞在G1期;轻度阻滞在G1期和进入S期。RT-PCR发现PC3细胞表达ERα和ERβ,E2、E2 PD98059、E2 SP600125、E2 SB203580组中cyclinD1、P21WAF1基因表达分别为对照组的(0.42±0.03)、(3.13±0.02)倍;(0.21±0.03)、(3.08±0.05)倍;(0.43±0.01)、(1.31±0.04)倍;(2.81±0.02)、(3.14±0.02)倍(P<0.05)。结论E2激活JNK增加P21WAF1基因表达,并激活p38抑制cyclinD1表达,使细胞阻滞在G1期,JNK和p38通路还介导E2引起PC3细胞凋亡。同时E2又可激活ERK1/2,轻度拮抗上述作用。     

可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压术后门静脉血栓形成的影响

目的探讨可溶性P-选择素对肝硬化门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的影响。方法检测乙肝肝硬化患者在门静脉高压症围手术期血小板的数量及反映血小板功能的可溶性P-选择素水平的动态变化,比较其在有门静脉血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间的差异。结果血栓形成组患者及无血栓形成组患者间,血小板数量无显著差异,而可溶性P-选择素水平在术后第4～6天有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论乙肝肝硬化患者在行门静脉高压症手术后,血小板功能的变化对门静脉血栓形成可能起着重要的作用。     

OptEase滤器在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用

目的：总结8例下肢深静脉血栓形成手术治疗中使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器 的经验.方法：通过8例使用OptEase可回收腔静脉滤器临床资料,分析回收方式与并发症.结果：术中、术后无肺栓塞发生,回收时腔静脉造影示：滤器处不完全血栓和健侧髂静脉血栓各1例,成功回收5例,转为永久性置入3例.随访328个月,无肢体静脉血栓复发.结论：下肢深静脉血栓形成手术中使用可回收腔静脉滤器能有效防止肺栓塞,术后可回收的特点有广阔的应用前景.     

可吸收钉治疗四肢骨折18例体会

自可吸收钉发明并应用于临床以来．因该钉能在体内降解、吸收，免除了二次手术拆钉的痛苦，受到病人的普遍接受。本院自2003年6月以来应用可吸收螺钉治疗骨折18例，取得了较好的效果。报告如下。