甘肃省和政县农村老年性白内障防盲项目的卫生经济学评价研究

目的 对2014-2016年在甘肃省和政县开展的白内障综合防盲干预项目进行卫生经济学评价。设计 横断面调查。 研究对象 甘肃省和政县2014-2016年老年性白内障手术前407例患者及术后半年109例患者。方法 对所有调查对象进行卫生经济学问卷调查。通过净效益法、成本效益分析法和成本效果分析法评价项目产生的经济效益和总成本。主要指标 直接成本、间接成本、直接经济效益、间接经济效益、总成本、总效益、净效益、成本效益比、成本效果比。结果 2014-2016年项目期间甘肃省和政县白内障所致总体疾病经济负担为2142.28万元。白内障手术产生的总效益为3398424.98元，总成本为2939125.20元，净效益为459299.78元，效益成本比为1.16:1。项目每投入1万元可降低50岁以上白内障患者导致的0.027%的致盲率和0.164%致残率；项目每降低1%的50岁以上白内障患者的盲率，需投入36.47万元；每降低1%50岁以上白内障患者的残率，需投入6.11万元。结论 在甘肃省和政县开展的老年性白内障防盲综合干预项目具有较好的产出回报比和较高的防盲技术效率。（眼科，2020，29： 298-303）     

Connexin 36 Mediates Orofacial Pain Hypersensitivity Through GluK2 and TRPA1

Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating condition, and the pain easily spreads to other parts of the face. Here, we established a mouse model of partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION) and found that the Connexin 36 (Cx36) inhibitor mefloquine caused greater alleviation of pT-ION-induced cold allodynia compared to the reduction of mechanical allodynia. Mefloquine reversed the pT-ION-induced upregulation of Cx36, glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2 (GluK2), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the trigeminal ganglion. Cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia induced by pT-ION or by virus-mediated overexpression of Cx36 in the trigeminal ganglion was reversed by the GluK2 antagonist NS102, and knocking down Cx36 expression in Nav1.8-expressing nociceptors by injecting virus into the orofacial skin area of Nav1.8-Cre mice attenuated cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia. In conclusion, we show that Cx36 contributes greatly to the development of orofacial pain hypersensitivity through GluK2, TRPA1, and p-ERK signaling.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12264-020-00594-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Exosomes from miRNA‐126‐modified endothelial progenitor cells alleviate brain injury and promote functional recovery after stroke

AimsWe previously showed that the protective effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)‐released exosomes (EPC‐EXs) on endothelium in diabetes. However, whether EPC‐EXs are protective in diabetic ischemic stroke is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of EPC‐EXs on diabetic stroke mice and tested whether miR‐126 enriched EPC‐EXs (EPC‐EXs^miR126) have enhanced efficacy.MethodsThe db/db mice subjected to ischemic stroke were intravenously administrated with EPC‐EXs 2 hours after ischemic stroke. The infarct volume, cerebral microvascular density (MVD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurological function, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and levels of cleaved caspase‐3, miR‐126, and VEGFR2 were measured on day 2 and 14.ResultsWe found that (a) injected EPC‐EXs merged with brain endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the peri‐infarct area; (b) EPC‐EXs^miR126 were more effective than EPC‐EXs in decreasing infarct size and increasing CBF and MVD, and in promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as neurological functional recovery; (c) These effects were accompanied with downregulated cleaved caspase‐3 on day 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) upregulation till day 14.ConclusionOur results indicate that enrichment of miR126 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EPC‐EXs on diabetic ischemic stroke by attenuating acute injury and promoting neurological function recovery.     

听神经瘤术后面神经功能损伤危险因素分析

目的分析影响听神经瘤患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属第一医院神经外科自2015年1月至2018年6月收治的62例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。于术后7 d及术后6个月对所有患者的面神经功能进行评估。收集可能与患者术后早期及长期面神经功能障碍存在相关性的因素，采用Logistic单因素与多因素回归对相关因素与患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的关系进行分析。 结果术后7 d，21例（33.9%）患者面神经功能正常，41例（66.1%）患者出现面神经功能损伤；术后6个月，49例（79.0%）患者面神经功能为正常，13例（21.0%）患者面神经功能损伤。Logistic单因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤最大直径越大、肿瘤与面神经黏连越紧密，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大（P=0.002、0.002）；术前临床症状持续时间为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的危险因素（P=0.035）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤与面神经的黏连程度、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后7 d面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.003、0.014）；术前临床症状持续时间、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.010、0.030）。 结论肿瘤与面神经的黏连越紧密、肿瘤最大直径越大，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。患者术前临床症状持续时间越长、肿瘤最大直径越大，术后6个月发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。     

血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白联合检测在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者肾功能损伤检测中的应用价值

目的评估血肌酐和尿常规的常规检测基础上联合血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白检测在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者肾功能损伤检测中的应用价值。 方法以2019年2～5月于首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染一科住院的169例HIV感染者为研究对象，完善其尿常规、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐、血清胱抑素C检测；分析尿蛋白及尿微量白蛋白的阳性检出率及其差异，血肌酐升高及血清胱抑素C升高的比例及其差异。计算应用替诺福韦酯（TDF）及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤的肾功能损伤的相对危险度。 结果169例HIV感染者中尿常规示尿蛋白阳性者5例（3.0%），尿微量白蛋白升高者17例（10.1%），两者阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 5.9、P = 0.007）。血肌酐升高者10例（5.9%），血清胱抑素C升高者20例（11.8%），两者阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ² = 3.0、P = 0.042）。在尿常规和血肌酐检测的基础上联合检测尿微量白蛋白和血清胱抑素C的总体阳性检出率为49例（30.0%）。CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数< 200个/μl与≥ 200个/μl组患者血清胱抑素C水平分别为0.94（0.83，1.05）mg/L、0.85（0.77，0.95）mg/L，差异具有统计学意义（Z =-3.02、P = 0.003）。应用TDF及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤的肾功能损伤的相对危险度分别为1.1、1.5、1.9、2.2和1.4。 结论HIV感染者中，单纯以尿常规为依据评估有无蛋白尿，以血肌酐水平为依据评估肾小球滤过功能会低估肾功能损伤的患病率。在常规检测血肌酐和尿常规的基础上联合检测血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白在提高HIV感染者肾功能损伤检出率方面具有重要的应用价值。低CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数、应用TDF及合并丙型肝炎、高血压、糖尿病、肿瘤均为肾功能损伤的危险因素。