Phosphorus Leaching Risk Assessment with Manure Fertilizer Application in South China

To investigate the phosphorus (P) leaching risk caused by applying manure fertilizer, six different manure fertilizers, namely, 0 (CK), 3,000 (F200), 4,500 (F300), 7,500 (F500), 10,500 (F700), and 15,000 kg ha^?2 (F1000), were applied to the surface soil (0–20 cm) prior to vegetable planting. The maximum Olsen P decreased with increasing amounts of the manure fertilizer. Total P did not change with treatments below 7,500, but decreased in the higher manure treatments. Water dissolved P (WDP) was highest in the upper (0–20 cm soil) layer, intermediate in the middle (20–40 cm soil) layer, and lowest in the lower (40–60 cm soil) layer. The 7,500, 10,500, and 15,000 treatments increased the WDPs in both the middle and lower soil layers and enhanced the degree of P saturation in the lower layer. This indicates that vertical leachate movement of P accumulation in the middle soil layer may be underestimated and the P leaching risk is enhanced using manure fertilizer levels >7,500 kg ha^?2.     

B cells mediate chronic allograft rejection independently of antibody production

Chronic rejection is the primary cause of long-term failure of transplanted organs and is often viewed as an antibody-dependent process. Chronic rejection, however, is also observed in mice and humans with no detectable circulating alloantibodies, suggesting that antibody-independent pathways may also contribute to pathogenesis of transplant rejection. Here, we have provided direct evidence that chronic rejection of vascularized heart allografts occurs in the complete absence of antibodies, but requires the presence of B cells. Mice that were deficient for antibodies but not B cells experienced the same chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV), which is a pathognomonic feature of chronic rejection, as WT mice; however, mice that were deficient for both B cells and antibodies were protected from CAV. B cells contributed to CAV by supporting splenic lymphoid architecture, T cell cytokine production, and infiltration of T cells into graft vessels. In chimeric mice, in which B cells were present but could not present antigen, both T cell responses and CAV were markedly reduced. These findings establish that chronic rejection can occur in the complete absence of antibodies and that B cells contribute to this process by supporting T cell responses through antigen presentation and maintenance of lymphoid architecture.     

乳山市两所医院鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性及流行性分析

目的分析乳山市两所医院鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及流行特点。方法收集乳山市人民医院、乳山市中医院2015年1-12月临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌,进行药敏试验,选取50株鲍曼不动杆菌采用脉冲场凝胶电泳分析菌株同源性。结果共收集鲍曼不动杆菌158株,其中乳山市人民医院108株,乳山市中医院50株。标本来源以痰液(59.9%)为主,分布科室以呼吸科(39.8%)和ICU(25.3%)为主。药敏结果显示,所检测菌株对氨曲南、氨苄西林、头孢西丁100.0%耐药,对多黏菌素B、替加环素均敏感。50株鲍曼不动杆菌可分为A~E共5种型别,其中A型又分为A1、A2、A3等3个亚型,为主要流行型别。结论乳山市两所医院鲍曼不动杆菌耐药问题较严峻,主要存在于呼吸科、ICU等科室,以引起呼吸道感染为主,在两所医院不同科室间存在播散流行。     

Combination of Aβ clearance and neurotrophic factors as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease

There is no effective drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease affecting an estimated 30 million people around the world. Strongly supported by preclinical and clinical studies, amyloid-beta (Aβ) may be a target for developing drugs against AD. Meanwhile, the fact that localized neuronal death/loss and synaptic impairment occur in AD should also be considered. Neuronal regeneration, which does not occur normally in the mammalian central nervous system, can be promoted by neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Evidence from clinical trials has shown that both Aβ clearance and NTFs are potentially effective in treating AD, thus a new approach combining Aβ clearance and administration of NTFs may be an effective therapeutic strategy.     

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Vaginal Gel to Ease Vaginal Dryness: A Multicenter,Randomized, Controlled,Open‐Label,Parallel‐Group,Clinical Trial

IntroductionAtrophic vaginitis is a common occurrence, particularly among postmenopausal women; however, few seek or receive treatment. One therapeutic solution is topically applied products. Estrogen‐based treatments have been shown to be effective; however, many patients are reluctant to use such formulations due to health concerns, hence the need to assess the efficacy of acceptable alternatives.AimThis multicenter, randomized, controlled, open‐label, parallel‐group clinical trial set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid vaginal gel to treat vaginal dryness compared with estriol cream in postmenopausal women.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four subjects were randomized, 72 to the test group treated with hyaluronic acid vaginal gel (Hyalofemme) and 72 to the control group treated with estriol cream (Ovestin). Treatment in both groups was applied by means of a device once every 3 days for a total of 10 applications over 30 days.Main Outcome MeasuresEfficacy was measured by grading vaginal dryness and three other vaginal symptoms on a visual analog scale. Safety assessments included vital signs, laboratory examinations of the vaginal microecosystem, vaginal pH value, vaginal B ultrasound, and incidence of adverse events. Assessments were performed at baseline, by telephone after the third application, and at the final visit.ResultsBoth hyaluronic acid vaginal gel and estriol cream can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women, with improvement rate of 84.44% and 89.42%, respectively, after 10 applications, without statistically significant difference between them.ConclusionBoth hyaluronic acid vaginal gel and estriol cream are effective in the treatment of vaginal dryness. Hyaluronic acid vaginal gel may be considered as a valid alternative to estrogen‐based treatments in relieving the symptoms of vaginal dryness.     

刘福友教授治疗眼肌型重症肌无力经验

刘福友教授善于从脾肾论治,运用补脾益肾法治疗眼肌型重症肌无力,配合瘫瘘胶囊取得满意临床疗效.