再次液氮冷冻保存对猪主动脉瓣膜细胞活性及组织结构的影响

目的了解再次冷冻保存对主动脉瓣膜细胞活性及组织结构的影响,探讨液氮冷冻保存的主动脉瓣解冻后再次冷冻保存使用的可行性.方法将猪主动脉瓣叶在抗菌处理后按随机数字表法分成三组,每组6个瓣叶,组Ⅰ作对照,组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ控制降温速率降至-80℃后在液氮中保存,1个月后融化解冻.组Ⅲ解冻并在室温下放置15分钟后更换保存液,再次降温至-80℃后放入液氮中保存,2个月后再融化解冻.采用XTT比色法测定各组瓣膜细胞活性,用免疫荧光组织化学染色、光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜行组织学检测.结果组Ⅱ冷冻保存后瓣膜细胞活性下降到组Ⅰ的63.97%,组织结构一定程度受损;组Ⅲ瓣膜细胞活性下降至组Ⅰ的38.60%,组织结构损害也进一步加重.结论液氮冷冻保存的猪主动脉瓣一经解冻融化,不宜再次冷冻保存使用.     

抗菌处理对猪肺动脉瓣膜细胞活性及组织结构的影响

目的 探讨抗菌处理对肺动脉瓣膜细胞活性和组织结构的影响因素及优化同种瓣膜的制备方法。方法 3组猪肺动脉瓣叶(n=6)浸泡在含抗生素的DMEM液中，在不同温度下孵育6h或24h。然后通过XTT比色法测定瓣膜细胞活性，用免疫组织化学荧光染色检测瓣膜细胞和细胞外基质，并行光镜观察。结果 抗菌时间为24h，37℃抗菌组与4℃抗菌组的瓣膜细胞活性与瓣膜组织结构无明显区别。抗菌6h组的瓣膜细胞活性与瓣膜组织结构明显优于抗菌24h组。结论 抗菌时间为24h时，抗菌温度对瓣膜细胞活性及结构完整性无明显影响。抗菌时间缩短至6h，有利于瓣膜细胞活性与结构完整性的保持。     

小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的临床研究

目的探讨应用小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体(OKT3)治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果和安全性.方法将33例发生早期急性排斥反应的肾移植病人分为两组,A组16例(OKT3 5 mg/d);B组17例(OKT3 2.5mg/d).观察排斥反应逆转情况及感染的发生率.结果A组13例(81.25%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,2例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.B组15例(88.24%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,1例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.两组排斥反应逆转率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).A组合并感染43.75%,B组5.88%;两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论小剂量OKT3治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果良好,并发症少,且费用较低.     

大肠癌流行因素的研究现状

大肠癌的发生是多冈素，多步骤的过程。其发生与饮食类型、遗传因素、结直肠良性病变、生活习惯、心理因素、药物等凶素密切相关。全文就大肠癌流行因素的研究现状作一综述.     

Palliative treatment of malignant ascites by intraperitoneal bleomycin after dialytic ultrafiltration with haemofilter

Dialytic ultrafiltration with haemofilter was performed in 16 patients with malignant ascites refractory to treatment with sodium restriction, diuretic and systemic chemotherapy. A continuous flow of ascitic fluid at a rate of 300–400 ml/min through a haemofilter was maintained by a blood pump. The protein-rich ascitic fluid was re-infused into the peritoneal cavity with sodium and water removed. An average of 5.2 1 of filtrate was removed over a mean interval of 3.5 h. Bleomycin (60 mg) was administered intraperitoneally following the procedure. Complete response was observed in six patients (37.25%) and partial response occurred in four (25%). The remaining patients showed no response. Complications of the dialytic ultrafiltration procedure and toxicity of intraperitoneal administration of bleomycin were minimal. The technique of dialytic ultrafiltration is simple, safe and cost-effective and could be used as an adjuvant therapy for intraperitoneal chemotherapy.     

电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的：探讨电针对糖尿病所致学习记忆损害的防治作用。方法：采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射法制备糖尿病大鼠模型，观察电针6周后糖尿病大鼠血糖、体重的变化，并用Morris水迷宫法观察电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆的影响。结果：（1）治疗后电针组与模型组的体重均明显低于正常组，电针组体重明显高于模型组（P＜0．05）；（2）电针组治疗前后血糖差异非常显（P＜0．01），但仍然高于正常组（P＜0．01）；（3）模型组的逃避潜伏期较正常组明显延长，P＜0．01。电针组的逃避潜伏期较模型组明显缩短，P＜0．05，与正常组比较，其逃避潜伏期仍较长，但两之间差异无显性，P＞0．05。与正常组比较，模型组大鼠每天的逃避潜伏期均较正常组延长，差异有显意义，P＜0．05或P＜0．01。与模型组比较，电针组第1、2、4、5天的每天逃避潜伏期均较模型组明显缩短，P＜0．05或P＜0．01；电针组第3天的逃避潜伏期较模型组有所缩短，但差异无显意义，P＞0．05。与正常组比较，电针组大鼠每天逃避潜伏期均较正常组延长，但差异无显意义，P＞0．05。结论：（1）电针能够降低糖尿病大鼠血糖并增加其体重。（2）电针能够改善糖尿病大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

CELL-DYN1700血球计数仪常见故障及解决方法

本文分析了CELL-DYN1700血球计数仪测量结果、主机硬件、数据处理及结果显示等几大部分的常见故障，并阐述了解决此类问题的方法。     

影响梗阻性肾病预后的相关因素

目的:探讨梗阻性肾病预后的相关因素.方法:对339例梗阻性肾病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对各变量做统计分析,对各因素进行Logistic分析.结果:41例患者死亡.影响梗阻性肾病预后的危险因素分析中9个因素经过单因素和多因素Logistic回归,最后酸中毒(OR=2.484,P＜0.001)、低蛋白血症(OR=1.136,P=0.019)、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)(OR=3.505,P＜0.001)、复杂性尿路梗阻(OR=1.529,P＜0.001)、年龄(OR=1.664,P＜0.001)、并存疾病(OR=6.103,P＜0.001)、肾衰竭(OR=1.918,P＜0.001)、肾皮质变薄(OR=0.256,P=0.001)8个因素进入回归方程.结论:SIRS、酸中毒、复杂性尿路梗阻、低蛋白血症、并存疾病(冠心病等)、肾衰竭、高龄是影响梗阻性肾病患者预后的危险因素.     

High incidence of and risk factors for metachronous bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan

AIM: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can occur multifocally in the whole urothelium. A higher rate of bilateral metachronous upper tract (UT) UC was noted in Taiwan. The incidence and risk factors were largely unknown and hence were explored in the study. METHODS: From January 1977 through June 2003, 462 patients with unilateral UT-UC were studied retrospectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral recurrence was analysed with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Potential risk factors for contralateral recurrence including age, smoking, bladder cancer, renal function, diagnostic year etc. were evaluated with the log-rank test. Independent risk factors were identified by using the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 34 months (6-337). Among the 462 patients, 52 (11.3%) developed metachronous contralateral UC. The 2, 5, and 10-year contralateral disease-free survivals were 93.5%, 84.0%, and 75.7%, respectively. The median time to contralateral recurrence was 31.0 months. With the univariate analysis, only poor renal function (serum creatinine < or > OR =2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (before or after 1990, P < 0.001) were risk factors for contralateral recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, poor renal function (hazard ratio: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.67-5.33; P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (hazard ratio: 4.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.71-10.65; P = 0.002) remained independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of metachronous UT-UC is high in Taiwan. Patients who had either chronic renal insufficiency or a disease diagnosed after 1990 had a higher risk of contralateral recurrence.     

葡萄球菌属对常用抗生素耐药情况调查

目的了解葡萄球菌属,特别是耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)的耐药情况,为临床用药提供参考。方法从2002年1~7月送检的住院病人的血、痰、脓液、分泌物等标本中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及其他血浆凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌共105株,并进行药敏和多重耐药分析。结果MRS的分离率较高,为68.6%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡葡球菌(MRSA)为69.2%;耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)为63.3%。MRS较非耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MSS)耐药率明显高,且MRS比MSS多重耐药率高得多;MRSA对四种不同作用机制的抗生素:泰能、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、复方新诺明具有很高的多重耐药率,达到50%以上。结论鉴于MRS的高分离率和多重耐药率,在治疗感染性疾病时,应加强病原学检查,提高标本鉴定的阳性率;在有效的治疗MRS感染的同时还应注意遏制MRS的产生。